湖南长沙市一中2014届高三第三次月考(政治1

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湖南省长沙市2025届高三政治统一模拟考试试题含解析

长沙市2025届高三年级统一模拟考试政治试题第Ⅰ卷选择题本卷共24小题，每小题2分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.冬天寒冷，爱吃涮羊肉、涮牛肉的人较多。

据养羊大户刘某介绍，去年他卖的活羊价格在10元/斤左右，而今年市场收购价格升到了22元/斤。

假定其他条件不变，今年市场可能对牛肉的需求变动图示是A.B.C.D.【答案】C【解析】【详解】由材料可知，由于羊肉价格上涨，而羊肉与牛肉是互为替代品，在其他条件不变的状况下，人们更多地转向对牛肉的消费，牛肉的需求量将增加，C符合题意，A、B都体现了牛肉的价格发生了变更，与题意不符；D体现的是牛肉需求量削减，与题意不符。

所以本题选C。

2.人民币汇率中间价品种2024年3月20日2024年12月20日不考虑其他因素，对上述图表信息相识正确的是①人民币贬值，有孩子在美国读书的家庭支出增加②人民币贬值，海外代购和海淘成本明显降低③美元升值，我国原材料依靠进口的企业成本增加④美元贬值，我国出口型企业价格竞争优势增加A. ①②B. ①③C. ②③D. ②④【答案】B【解析】【详解】依据题目，2024年3月20日1美元可以兑换6.3246元人民币，2024年12月20日，1美元可以兑换6.8936元人民币，故可以看出美元相对于人民币升值，美元汇率上升，人民币相对于美元贬值，这会导致有孩子在美国读书的家庭支出增加，海外代购和海淘成本上升，我国原材料依靠进口的企业成本增加，①③正确，②错误。

④选项推断错误，解除。

选B。

【点睛】汇率升降的利与弊：3.“双十一”各大商家都会有不同力度的促销活动，消费者往往被大幅度的促销吸引盲目购买，忽视了商品的好用性和自己的真实需求，从而造成商品的闲置和资金的奢侈。

这给我们消费者带来的启示是A. 促销规则读细致，警防陷阱B. 存证意识要增加，维护权益C. 提前拟定购物单，理性消费D. 购买欲望要节制，适度消费【答案】C【解析】【详解】题目中强调的是在商家作促销活动中，消费者往往被大幅度的促销吸引盲目购买，忽视了商品的好用性和自己的真实需求，从而造成商品的闲置和资金的奢侈，故这启示消费者在消费的时候要理性消费，故C选项正确。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考卷(二)语文(含答案)

长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（二）语文得分：_____________ 本试卷共10页，时量150分钟，满分150分。

一、现代文阅读（35分）（一）现代文阅读Ⅰ（本题共5小题，19分）阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。

材料一中国诗词讲究含蓄，以淡为美。

而英美诗歌则比较奔放，以感情激越为胜。

另外，中国诗词多以歌颂为主，而英美现代诗歌多以揭露为主。

中国诗人或托物言志，或借景抒情，永远把自己的情感埋藏于诗词之中，我们只有通过“感悟”才可能感觉出其美，最突出的例子莫过于马致远的《天净沙·秋思》。

他几乎没有用一个表达感情的词语，只是把“枯藤”“老树”“昏鸦”简单地排列在一起，寥寥几笔便勾勒出一幅凄凉寂寥的景象，后面两句把几种事物列在一处，却恰如其分地渲染了寂寞、惨淡的气氛，“夕阳西下”更是给整幅画面涂上了一层昏黄的颜色，最后一笔带出“断肠人在天涯”，感觉上前后好像并无直接联系，但感情是连贯的，思路也是连贯的。

一口气读下来，仿佛自己就是诗人所描绘的画中的游子，引起强烈的共鸣。

然而几种事物的并列，虽然没有任何的主观感情，却比再多的语言都要强烈地表达了一种孤寂凄清的感情，这正是中国古典诗歌的魅力所在。

相比之下，英美现代诗歌强调写资本主义社会中畸零人的心理，比较直率地把诗人的所要表达的意思表现出来，直抒胸臆而毫无造作，言尽而意亦尽，回味的空间相对缩小了，但这样比较符合西方人的心理特征、思维特征。

（摘编自吕洋《中西方诗歌比较》）材料二①与中国古典诗歌弱化主体的倾向不同，西方诗歌中的主体差不多总是在场的。

以十四行诗为例，主体总是堂而皇之地出现在诗中，站出来讲话。

这样，西方诗歌就形成了与中国诗歌迥然不同的风格。

②诗歌的风格离不开其文化土壤。

在中国，流行的思想是人与自然的和谐，这种观念的形成与中国人的生活方式和生活环境有关。

早在新石器时代，农业经济就已经建立起来。

几千年来，自给自足的经济稳定繁荣，因此，人们非常依赖自然环境，对自然世界的任何微妙变化都很敏感，他们渴望与自然亲密接触。

湖南省长沙市一中2014届高三上学期第二次月考(英语1

湖南省长沙市一中2014届高三上学期第二次月考（英语1高考英语2014-13 1220湖南省长沙市一中2014届高三上学期第二次月考（英语）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节听力理解每段播放两遍。

各段后有几个小题，各段播放前每小题有5秒钟的阅题时间。

请根据各段播放内容及相关小题，在5秒钟内从题中所给的A、B、C项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

听第一段对话，回答第1~3题。

1. What is the woman worried about?A. Being overweight.B. Being too thin. 教育互联C. Being sick.2. What is the man’s attitude towards the magazine ads of weight-losing diets?A. Disbelieving.B. Confident.C. Interested.3. What can we learn from the conversation?A. T he woman actually doesn’t mind being overweight.B. The man suggests the woman lose weight by exercise.C. The man doesn’t think the woman is overweight at all.听第二段对话，回答4~6题。

4. When will the performance start?A. At 20140 p. m.B. At 200 p. m.C. At 300 p. m.5. Where will the two speakers go after the conversation?A. To an opera fan club.B. To a theater.C. To a museum.6. What can we learn from the conversation?A. They are late for the exhibition in the museum.B. They are foreign members of an opera fan club.C. All the opera costumes on show are handmade.听第三段独白，回答第7~9题。

长沙市一中高三第四次月考试卷政治

长沙市一中高三第四次月考试卷政治nba(体育）2014-01-27 1234长沙市一中高三第四次月考试卷政治命题：长沙市一中高中政治备课组时量：90分钟满分：20140分一、选择题部分（每小题2分，共50分）假如A国和B国生产同样数量与质量的布料和洗衣机，其消耗的劳动量如下表所示。

回答1~2题。

布料洗衣机A国20140 200B国150 2001. 一个精明的商人从上面的表格中捕捉到的商机应该是（A）A. 从A国贩卖布料到B国B. 从A国贩卖洗衣机到B国C. 从B国贩卖洗衣机到A国D. 从B国贩卖布料到A国2. 面对激烈的国际市场竞争，A，B两国都在进行产业结构调整，最有可能的选择是（A）A. A国扩大布料生产，减少洗衣机生产B. A国扩大洗衣机生产，减少布料生产C. B国扩大布料生产，减少洗衣机生产D. B国既减少洗衣机生产，又减少布料生产到餐厅就餐，国内是按餐厅的价目表点菜，按价目买单。

据说，英国北部城市有这样的餐厅：顾客就餐后按顾客的满意度付费，顾客付费往往比实际标价多得多。

回答3~4题。

3. 顾客的满意度说白了就是餐饮企业的菜式质量及餐厅服务质量。

企业注重质量和服务是（D）①树立品牌，服务社会②树立形象，获得盈利③提高商品市场占有份额④有利于提高自身竞争力A. ①B. ①②③C. ①③D. ②③④4. 对“菜式质量及餐厅服务质量”理解正确的是（A）A. 菜式质量是有形商品的使用价值，餐厅服务质量是无形商品的使用价值B. 菜式质量及餐厅服务质量都是商品的价值，决定价格C. 菜式质量及餐厅服务质量都是商品的使用价值，使用价值越好，价格越高D. 菜式质量及餐厅服务质量由餐饮企业的劳动时间决定的，价格是变化的。

读图回答第5题。

价值规律的表现形式5. 根据上图得出的合理结论有：①价格与供求相互制约。

②价格、供求引导生产。

③价格围绕价值上下波动贯彻了等价交换原则。

④仅从上图甲、乙两点看不出等价交换原则的贯彻（A）A. ①②③④B. ①②③C. ②③④D. ①②④6. “可使食无肉，不可使居无竹。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)化学答案

长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）化学参考答案一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。

每小题只有一项符合题目要求）题号1234567891011121314答案BAABCCDDCDCACC1．B 【解析】B ．25P O 吸水后的产物有毒，不能用作食品干燥剂。

2．A 【解析】A ．乙醚的结构简式为3223CH CH OCH CH 。

4．B 【解析】B ．用水吸收会产生NO 。

6．C 【解析】C ．电解苛性钠溶液制高铁酸盐的阳极反应：242 Fe 6e 8OH FeO 4H O ----+=+。

11．C 【解析】具有催化活性的是Ni ，图②中没有Ni 原子，则催化活性：①>②，故A 正确；镍酸镧电催化剂立方晶胞中含有1个Ni ，11234⨯=个O ，1818⨯=个La ，镍酸镧晶体的化学式为3LaNiO ，故B 正确；由晶胞结构可知，La 在晶胞的体心，O 在晶胞的棱心，则La 周围紧邻的O 有12个，故C 错误；由晶胞结构可知，La 和Ni 的最短距离为体对角线的一半，为32a ，故D 正确。

14．C 【解析】恒温恒容条件下，气体的压强之比等于气体物质的量之比，故起始时实验②与实验③的压强相等，实验①的压强是实验②与实验③的3倍，则曲线Ⅰ对应实验①，且3m p =，故A 正确；实验①与实验②的温度相等，根据等效平衡可知，实验①与实验②最终会达到相同的平衡状态，故曲线Ⅱ对应实验②，则曲线Ⅲ对应实验③，实验②与实验③充入的Z 一样多，实验③比实验②达到平衡所用的时间长，则Z 的分解反应是吸热反应，随反应的进行，实验③温度降低，反应速率减慢，故正反应是放热反应，故B 正确；根据pV nRT =，c 、d 两点的压强相同，V 相同，由于反应吸热，c 点的温度比d 点低，则c 点的气体物质的量更多，故气体的总物质的量：c d n n >，故C 错误；正反应是放热反应，温度越低，平衡常数越大，故b 点平衡常数小于c 点，故D 正确。

湖南省长沙市一中2014届高三第七次月考英语1

湖南省长沙市一中2014届高三第七次月考英语1高考英语2014-02-25 1606()湖南省长沙市一中2014学年高三上学期第七次月考英语试题本试卷分为四个部分，包括听力、语言知识运用、阅读理解和书面表达。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION ADirections In this section, you’ll hear 6 conversations between 2 speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by 3 choices. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter (A, B or C) on the question booklet.You will hear each conversation TWICE.ExampleWhen will the magazine probably arrive?A. Wednesday.B. Thursday.C. Friday.The answer is B.Conversation 11. What does the man think of the price of the ticket?A. He thinks it’s acceptable.B. He thinks it’s too expensive.C. He thinks it’s a little more expensive.2. How long will the man stay in London?A. One week.B. Two weeks.C. Three weeks.Conversation 23. What is the man?A. He is a factory worker.B. He is an office clerk.C. He is a bus driver.4. What does the woman like about these shoes?A. They are fashionable.B. They are strong.C. They are comfortable.Conversation 35. What are they talking about?A. A Christmas party.B. The man’s new hat.C. Mr. Brown.6. How does the woman think the man will look?A. She thinks he will look handsome in it.B. She thinks he will look the strangest in it.C. She thinks he will look funny in it.Conversation 47. Where is Jack calling from?A. The Grand Hotel.B. The airport in Chicago.C. The airport in Los Angeles.8. Why doesn't Jack visit Dorothy at once?A. Because he doesn't want to see Dorothy's parents.B. Because he has to check in first.C. Because he prefers to stay at the airport now.9. What will Jack most probably do tonight?A. He will have dinner at the airport.B. He will have dinner with Dorothy at the hotel.C. He will have dinner with Dorothy's family.Conversation 52014. What day was it yesterday?A. Friday.B. Thursday.C. Monday.11. Why was the woman late for work?A. Because the road was blocked.B. Because she broke the traffic rule and was stopped by a policeman.C. Because there was something wrong with her car.12. What was the worst thing yesterday?A. The woman didn’t meet an important customer.B. Somebody dirtied the new carpet.C. The woman forgot inviting her boss to dinner.Conversation 613. When is the man free these days?A. At weekends.B. In the evening.C. In the afternoon.14. How often does the woman practice?A. Once a week.B. Twice a week.C. Three times a week.15. What do the man and zhe women have in common?A. They are both very busy.B. They both have much free time.C. They are taking training in music.SECTION BDirections In this section, you’ll hear a mini-talk. Listencarefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you’ve got. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS.You’ll hear the mini-talk TWICE.Topic☆ Which is mor e beneficial, going to boarding schools or 16Arguments in favor of going to boarding schools☆ Boarding school is an ideal place for building up children’s 17 .☆ Children in boarding schools are generally more used to 18 .Arguments against going to boarding schools☆Boarding schools are usually much more expensive.☆Children in boarding schools may develop a(n) 19 toward th ose from other families.☆Going to boarding schools will weaken 20 .PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGESECTION ADirections Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. I have graded only a small part of the pupils’ papers; there are still ______ to grade.A. little moreB. much moreC. few moreD. many more22. I only know there are some new films for children these days. Why don’t you telephone the cinema ______ more details?A. inB. forC. byD. to23. In general, the number of students who enjoy reading popular science articles doubles _____ who prefer reading articles about learning methods.A. those of thatB. that of thoseC. one of thoseD. one of that24. Why ______ I drive so many miles for a supper if I can easilyfind a restaurant nearby?A. wouldB. mightC. shouldD. could25. So carefully ______ the performance that it went smoothly in the competition.A. have they preparedB. they have preparedC. had they preparedD. they had prepared26. He was so fond of chatting online that every time I saw him he______ in front of his computer.A. would sitB. satC. was sittingD. used to sit27. After the disaster in Haiti, people in the search and rescue teams didn’t think much about their own safety; less ______ about their personal interestsA. they caredB. did they careC. they had caredD. had they cared28. Some of the tigers served as breeding (繁殖) machines, their young often ______ away in boxes before growing up.A. shippedB. were shippingC. shippingD. were shipped29. The subway line ______ in 2014 is sure to greatly relieve the traffic jam in this city.A. to be finishedB. finishedC. having fishedD. finishing30. He offered an incredibly high price for the bid, ______ leaving no chance for anybody else.A. soB. thusC. andD. yet31. As we all know, either the location or the surroundings _______ the value of a house.A. determiningB. determinesC. determinedD. determine32. We should make it a rule ______ leaves the office last shall turn off all the lights and lock thedoor.A. whoeverB. anyoneC. that anyoneD. that whoever33. What we have been doing may not do us much good, but ______ it will benefit us or others, we’ll just stick it out.A. no matterB. howeverC.whether D. although34. The parents are making some changes to their previous education method, of ______ negativeeffect they begin to be aware.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose35. He was not expected to do a good job in the contest. Yet ______, he came out first of all the participants.A. strangely enoughB. enough strangelyC. strangeenough D. enough strangeSECTION BDirections For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with word or phrases that best fits the context.I tried to grow a gardenia (栀子花). I had tried everything my mother taught me about caring for houseplants—more light, less water, spraying, even replanting, but 36 seemed to work.I 37 Mom were here now. Mother’s Day was coming up, the second one since her death, and the pain of losing her was still so fresh. There is a Mother’s Day 38 I follow. One wears a red flower if one’s mother is 39 and a white one if she is not. I had hoped that planting a white gardenia, Mom’s favorite flower, would help me through the sorrow of her 40.Mom had a way with all things 41 . My sister and I always joked, “Mom could 42 a telephone pole grow leaves and bear fruit.”Why can’t I? I thought. Still, I couldn’t bear to throw the dead plant away. Instead, I placed it into a dark corner of our bathroom.I didn’t even water it. I just left it there 43 I could deal with it.My husband asked me if I was going to wear a white flower to church that Mother’s Day. “Yes,” I told him, “but I needa 44 gardenia.” I added si lently.Sunday morning I woke up early to get dressed and made for the 45 . Still 46 , I walked to the bathroom. Suddenly I was woken up by a pleasant scent (香味). I pushed the door open and stepped into the bathroom. That morning I knew I would be ready to wear a small white flower for Mom. In that dark corner, 47 as if it had a light of its own, bloomed a perfect white gardenia!36．A．everything B．nothing C．anything D．something37．A．feel B．believe C．wish D．think1,3,538．A．way B．method C．habit D．tradition1,3,539．A．alive B．healthy C．dead D．ill40．A．passing B．getting C．giving D．dying41．A．white B．blue C．green D．yellow42．A．cause B．make C．use D．allow43．A．when B.until C．while D．if44．A．red B．plastic C．paper D．fresh45．A．market B．school C．church D．office46．A．excited B．angry C．happy D．sleepy47．A．bright B．dark C．large D．smallSECTION CDirections Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.From their beginnings New England towns had a special democratic (民主的) system of government. At a stated time all the citizens would assemble at a town meeting, 48 they would discuss local problems and express opinions freely. They 49 elected the town’sofficials at these gatherings and made decisions about the taxes they would pay and about other community matters. These meetings were usually 50 at the town hall, which was located in the central square.In the eighteenth-century town meetings, only men who owned property and who were church members actually voted, although 51 present was allowed to express their opinions. Later, 52 citizens were allowed to vote. Thus the town meeting became truly democratic. Town meetings are still common in New England communities.In recent years the town meeting idea has 53 widely copied. There are open sessions (会议) 54 this kind on radio and television. Occasionally a meeting of this type is called by a government agencyin 55 to give an opportunity for free and open discussion on current problems and policies.PART THREE READING COMPREHENSIONDirections Read the following three passages. Each passage isfollowed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.AThe first day of school our professor introduced himself and challenged us to get to know someone we didn’t know. I stood up to look around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I turned aroundto find a wrinkled, little old lady beaming up at me with a smilethat lit up her entire being.She said, “Hi, girl! My name is Rose. I’m 87 years old. Can I give you a hug?”I laughed and enthusiastically responded, “Of course you may!” and she gave me a giant squeeze.“Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?” I asked.She jokingly replied, “I’m here to meet a rich husband, get married, have a couple of children, and then retire and travel!”“No seriously,” I said. I was curious what may have motivated herto be taking on this challenge at her age.“I always dreamed of having a college education and now I’m getting one!” she told me.Over the course of the year, Rose became a campus icon (偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she reveled in the attention bestowed (给予) upon her from the other students. She was living it up.At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I’ll never forget what she taught us.“We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only two secrets to staying young, being happy, and achieving success. You have to laugh and find humor every day. You’ve got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, yo udie!” she said.“There is a huge difference between g rowing older and growing up.If you are nineteen years old and lie in bed for one full year and don’t do one productive thing, you will turn 20 years older. If I am 87 years old, and stay in bed for a year, and never do anything, Iwill turn 88. Anybody can grow older. But eve ry minute counts for young men,” she added.“The idea is to grow up by always finding the opportunity in change. Have no regrets. The elderly usually don’t have regrets for what we did, but rather for things we did not do. The only people who fear death are those with regrets.”She concluded her speech by courageously singing “The Song of Rose”. She challenged each of us to study the lyrics（歌词）and live themout in our daily lives.At the year’s end, Rose finished the college degree she had begunall those years ago. One week after graduation Rose died peacefullyin her sleep.56. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Old friends and old wine are best.B. If you wish good advice, consult an old man.C. Never too old to live your dream.D. You cannot put old heads on young shoulders.57. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined “reveled in” in thepassage?A. Enjoyed.B. Ignored.C. Disliked.D. Praised58. What does Rose want to express by saying “We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing”?A. Though we are old, we don’t stop playing.B. If you stop playing, you won’t get old.C. Old people shouldn’t be playing any longer.D. Don’t stop playing, or you’ll becom e old.59. From the passage we can see Rose went to college to ______.A. meet a rich husbandB. get better paidC. realize her dreamD. inspire young people60. In Rose’s opinion, growing up means ______.A. becoming olderB. learning more knowledgeC. becoming more mature C. trying new thingsBSep. 30 I moved into the dormitory today—an ugly building and near a busy main road too. My room is small but quite pleasant. I must get some posters for the walls, though. I met a few fellow students at supper (the food was awful!) They all look much younger than me. They are, of course!Oct. 07 Lectures began last Monday. So far they haven’t been very interesting (except for the man who lectures on drama. He’s first class). Pe rsonally, I’d much rather go to the library and read, but I have to attend ten lectures a week. Those are the ‘rules’! Well, at least you meet people there.Oct. 12 I really don’t like life in the dormitory at all. The food is bad and the students are noisy. They stay up half the night and play games just outside my room. When on earth do they sleep? When dothey work? Besides, I don’t like my room. It’s just like living ina box! It looks even smaller now, with the posters on the wall. I am wondering how long it will be before I can feel as comfortable as I did living in my high school dormitory.Oct. 26 I tried to explain some of my problems to my supervisor today. She listened—but that was about all. ‘You have to go to lectures, you know, Ann,” she told me. “And the dormitory is cheap and convenient.’ ‘Cheap and convenient’! Well, it isn’t ‘cheap’ if you can’t eat the food and it isn’t ‘convenient’ if you can’t sleep at night!Oct. 30 I can’t believe it! Three other students—I met them at a lecture and they’re all about my own age—have invited me to share a flat with them. It’s in an old house and it has its own kitchen, so we can cook for ourselves. And my room—right at the top of the house—is fantastic!Nov. 2014 I moved into my new room last Sunday. I feel really happy. Life is going to be so much more fun from now on!61. The above writing is ______.A. diary entries of a high school student’s spring semesterB. diary entries of a high school student’s fall semesterC. diary entries of a college student’s spring semesterD. diary entries of a college student’s fall semester62. Which of the following is NOT the reason why the writer disliked the first dormitory?A. It was messy.B. It was small.C. It was noisy.D. The food was bad.63. Which of the following statements about the writer’s opinions about the teachers is RIGHT?A. She benefited a lot from the talk with the supervisor.B. She didn’t like any of the lectures thereC. She liked the lectures by the drama teacher.D. She found all the lectures were interesting.64. The event happening on Oct.30 can be thought of as a ______.A. nightmare (噩梦)B. turning pointC. lessonD. disappointment65. Which of the following is one of the reasons that the writer likes the new room?A. She will have some seniors help with the studies.B. She doesn’t have to bear terrible dormitory foods.C. She won’t have to go a long way to attend lectures.D. She will pay less rent than she did living in the dorm.。

2014届高考政治(第02期)名校试题解析分项汇编专题2.1 公民的政治生活(含解析)

2014届高考政治（第02期）名校试题解析分项汇编专题2.1 公民的政治生活（含解析）一．选择题（共24小题，48分）1.（湖南省株洲市二中2013-2014学年高二入学考试）在城市，居委会作为城市居民自我管理、自我教育、自我服务的基层群众性自治组织。

下列做法能体现城市居民自治的有：A.凡涉及居民切身利益的重要事务，要提请居民会议讨论通过B.社区的人大代表都是有城市居民选举产生C.居民自治的城市拥有高度的自治权D.城市居民享有的部分权益可以超越法律的限制2. （广东省中山一中2014届高三上学期第二次统测）网络谣言已成为社会公害，不仅损害社会诚信，而且扰乱社会秩序，影响社会稳定。

如果请你写一份抵制网络谣言的倡议书，你认为下列恰当的论点是①公民权利具有真实性，国家应该保障公民言论自由②公民既是权利的主体，又是义务的主体③自由是法律的前提，法律是自由的保障④权利和义务是对等的，都是实现人民利益的手段A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④3.（湖北省武汉二中2013－2014学年高二上学期期中考试）2013年，人民、新华、光明等中央重点新闻网站和新浪、搜狐、易等主流商业网站同步推出了网络举报监督专区。

此举有利于①改进国家机关工作，扩大公民的监督范围②政府依法审慎行使权力，接受社会监督③拓宽民意反映渠道，便于公民参与民主决策④畅通公众政治参与渠道，依法行使监督权A．①② B．③④ C．②③ D．②④4.（湖南省浏阳一中、醴陵一中2013年下学期高二联考）“亲，你大学本科毕业不?办公软件使用熟练不?英语交流顺溜不?驾照有木有?”外交部发布的这条“淘宝体”招聘信息令网民印象深刻。

政府通过微博等新媒体平台为公众提供服务的做法表明①实现了即时有效的信息发布，增强了政府工作的透明度②创新了民主制度，实现了人民当家作主的权利③扩大了公民的政治权利范围，丰富了民主内容④建立了密切联系群众的新平台，拓宽了民主渠道①③ B．①④ C．②③ D．②④5.（湖南省益阳市箴言中学2014届高三上学期第二次模拟考试）李某是广东省某村村民委员会主任，因其存在严重违纪问题，该村村民依据相关法律和规定，提议罢免其职务。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考(一)地理试题

大联考长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷(一)地理得分本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。

时量75分钟，满分100分。

第Ⅰ卷选择题(共48分)一选择题：本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

区域人口迁移通常经历单核心向多核心演化的过程。

下图为我国长三角不同时期人口迁移的空间演化过程示意图。

据此完成1~2题。

1.与单核心阶段相比，多核心阶段人口迁移的特点是A.人口迁移的通道较少B.人口迁移的规模更小C.人口仅在小城镇阿流动D.人口迁移的频次更高2.在多核心阶段，若次级城市吸引力增强，可能带来的影响有①疏导核心城市的人口压力 ②加剧核心城市的逆城市化③降低核心城市的行政级别 ④促进区域经济一体化发展A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④甘肃西接阿尔金山和祁连山，是我国西北地区重要的生态安全屏障。

为规范国土空间开发，实现区域的协调发展，甘肃将全省划分为3个主体功能区：城镇化发展区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区(图1)。

图2示意2021年县域碳排放网络空间关联关系图(节点的大小表示在网络关系中的重要程度，节点间线的长度和粗细表示联系的频繁程度)。

据此完成3~5题。

3.甲、乙、丙分别表示A.城镇化发展区、农产品主产区、重点生态功能区B.城镇化发展区、重点生态功能区、农产品主产区C.农产品主产区、重点生态功能区、城镇化发展区D 重点生态功能区、城镇化发展区、农产品主产区关于甘肃省碳排放的说法，正确的是①陇中地区的碳排放强度最小②陇东南地区碳中和压力最大③河西地区因受地形的影响县域间碳排放网络空间联系弱④县域碳排放网络空间紧密度由中小县．域向周边县域递减A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④5.关于城关区的发展方向，下列规划合理的是A.积极推进农创产业及新型农业发展B.积极创新推动低碳试点，发挥低碳引领导向C.积极发展生态经济和文化旅游经济D.积极优化产业结构，停止高耗能产业的发展风和水是干旱地区的两种主要作用力。

2014届高考政治(第01期)名校试题解析分项汇编专题1.2 生产、劳动与经营(含解析)

2014届高考政治（第01期）名校试题解析分项汇编专题1.2 生产、劳动与经营（含解析）一．选择题（共24小题，48分）1.（天津渤海一中高三月考）据统计，全国共有民营文艺表演团体近7000家，中外合资、合作或外商投资图书报刊发行企业40多家，以公有制为主体、多种所有制共同发展的文化产业格局正在形成。

我国吸引非公有资本进入文化产业领域，这意味着①非公有制经济的发展环境得到了进一步改善②非公有制经济是社会主义经济的重要组成部分③非公有制经济和公有制经济地位相同，相互促进、共同发展④在市场竞争中，非公有制经济和公有制经济具有平等的市场地位A．①④ B．②④ C．①③ D．②③2.（天津渤海一中高三月考）樱桃在还没成熟时，它们味道很酸，成熟后樱桃的含糖量提高了，吃起来也就可口了。

专门种植樱桃的农户到了收获时节才采摘樱桃，所以超市里的樱桃都是到了成熟期才上架的。

然而，生长在公园里的樱桃，却总是在尚未成熟、味道太酸的时候就被人摘下来了。

如果人们能等久点再采摘，樱桃的味道会更好。

可人们为什么有的等得有的等不得呢？从经济生活的角度，最合理的解释是A．不同的所有制影响着人们对财产的处置方式B．公园里的樱桃有更高的品质C．不同的消费理念导致了不同的消费行为D．早于时节上市的樱桃，由于供不应求会获得更多的经济利益【解析】试题分析：专门种植樱桃的农户，樱桃的生产和收入所得属于自己，以获利为目的，需要把3. （乌鲁木齐一中月考）目前中央企业82.8%的资产集中在石油石化、电力、国防、通信、运输、矿业、冶金、机械行业，承担着我国几乎全部的原油、天然气和乙烯生产，提供了全部的基础电信服务和大部分增值业务。

在重要行业和关键领域的中央企业户数占全部中央企业的25%，资产总额占75%，实现利税占到80%。

上述材料表明①国有经济是国民经济的主导力量②国有经济掌握着国家的经济命脉③国有经济是我国国民经济的基础④国有资产在社会总资产中占优势A．①②B．③④C．①③ D．②④4.（天津渤海一中高三月考）近年来，全国国有及国有控股企业主要效益指标保持在20%以上增幅，国有经济的控制力继续增强。

湖南省长沙一中2014届高三第二次月考(英语)word版

湖南省长沙一中2014届高三第二次月考（英语）word版高考英语2014-11-2014 1554（湖南省长沙市一中2014届高三上学期第二次月考英语试卷时量：120分钟满分：150分PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 marks)SECTION A (22.5 marks)Directions In this section, you'll hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Conversation 11. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. On the street.B. In the supermarket.C. In a company.2. What time is it now?A. 400.B. 415.C. 430.Conversation 23. What's the relationship between the two speakers?A. They are colleagues.B. They are classmates.C. They are old friends.4. What can we learn from the conversation?A. The woman didn't pass her physics exam.B. The woman is good at her history lessons.C. The man is worried about the coming exam,Conversation 35. What did the woman do first last night?A. The woman went for a snack with a man.B. The woman went to see a movie with a man.C. The woman stayed at home waiting for a man.6. What does the woman think of the man?A. The woman thinks the man is disgusting.B. The woman thinks the man is so talkative.C. The woman thinks the man is so mean with money. Conversation 47. What is the woman going to do?A. She is going to buy a new car.B. She is going to sell her old car.C. She is going to get car insurance.8. How long has the man had a policy with the company?A. Less than 4 years.B. About 5 years.C. He doesn't know.9. Why does the man recommend the woman his company?A. He thinks their rates are low.B. He thinks he always gets good service from them.C. He thinks they are good at insuring all kinds of vehicles. Conversation 52014. What's the woman doing now?A. Reading an article.B. Learning languages.C. Watching TV.11. What does the man think is the most difficult language?A. Chinese.B. Japanese.C. Finnish.12. How many different cases (格) do Hungarian nouns have?A. 35.B. 15.C. 25.Conversation 613. What's the man's problem?A. His work is too tiring.B. He has been getting a bit short of breath.C. He has a strange pain, which keeps him awake.14. What has caused the problem?A. It has not been known yet.B. He was burnt by boiling water.C. He has tired himself out in his work.15. How will the woman find out the reason?A. By giving a few tests.B. By listening to the patient.C. By reading his local doctor's report.SECTION B (7.5 marks)Directions In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You'll hear the short passage TWICEWho Took the Money?Character：Mrs. Smith and an old lady Events：①Mrs. Smith sat down next to all old lady on a bus．Time：the day after 16. _________ ②She noticed the old lady’s 17. _________ was open andinside it was a wad(卷)of notes．Place：on a bus ③She decided to 18._________ the money．④She put them in 19._________．Truth：Her money was 20. _________ athome．PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE (45 marks)SECTION A (15 marks)Directions Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21. Everyone knows that ______ is dangerous to play with fire, but______ isdifficult is to prevent children from playing with fire.A. it; itB. what; whatC. it; whatD. what; it22. Let's make it at seven o'clock on Tuesday morning at my office if ______.A. you're convenientB. it is convenient to youC. you feel convenientD. it is convenient with you23. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, "Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?"A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what24. If it ______ rain tomorrow, we would not go out to have a picnic.A. shouldB. wouldC. mightD. could25. I don't know if she ______, but if she ______ I will let you know.A. comes, comesB. comes, will comeC. will come; comesD. will come; will come26. The dish ______ nice, but the milk ______ sour.A. smells; smellsB. smells; is smeltC. is smelt; smellsD. is smelt; is smelt27. Everyone in our class is working hard and doing what we could______ a good university.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered28. It was not until midnight ______ they reached the camp site.A. whenB. whileC. thatD. as29. All her time ______ experiments, she has no time for films.A. devoted to doB. devoted to doingC. devoting to doingD. is devoted to doing30. She was sitting by the window reading a book with her legs ______.A. crossedB. being crossedC. to be crossedD. having crossed31. "Is ______ you want to say?" asked the teacher.A. thisB. thatC. all thatD. that all32. Don't you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves?A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what33. Just because they make more money than I do, ______ they seem to look down on me.A. soB. andC. butD. 不填34. He doesn't have ______ furniture in his room -- just an old armchair.A. anyB. muchC. someD. many35. The next thing we saw was smoke ______ from over the mountain.A. roseB. risenC. to riseD. risingSECTION B (18 marks)Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.Jerry was the kind of guy you love to hate. He was always in a good 36 and always had something positive to say.Jerry said, "Each morning I 37 up and say to myself, 'Jerry, you have two choices today. You can choose to be in a good mood or you can choose to be in a bad mood. 'I choose to be in a good mood. Each time something 38 happens, I can choose to be a victim or I can choose to learn from it. I choose to learn from it. The bottom line It's your 39 how you live your life."Several years later, I heard that Jerry was 40 by robbers. I saw Jerry about six months after the accident."Weren't you 41 ? Did you lose consciousness?" I asked.Jerry continued, "The paramedics (护理人员) kept telling me I was going to be fine. But 42they wheeled me into the emergency room and I saw the expressions on the faces, I got really scared. In their eyes, I 43 , 'He's a dead man.' I knew I needed to take action.""What did you do?" I asked."Well, there was a nurse shouting questions at me," said Jerry."She asked if I was allergic to anything. 'Yes, ' I replied. The doctors and nurses stopped working as they waited for my 44 . I took a deep breath and yelled, 'Bullets!'""Over their laughter, I told them, 'I am choosing to live. 45 on me as if I am alive, not dead. '"Jerry lived thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also because of his amazing attitude. I learned from him that every day we have the choice to 46 fully.Attitude, after all, is 47 .36. A. mood B. position C. voice D. condition37. A. stand B. turn C. wake D. give38. A. good B. bad C. important D. unimportant39. A. freedom B. right C. thing D. choice40. A. beaten B. hit C. killed D. shot41. A. scared B. worried C. anxious D. angry42. A. although B. because C. when D. if43. A. say B. read C. think D. tell44. A. reply B. turn C. death D. family45. A. Wait B. Joke C. Operate D. Work46. A. enjoy B. work C. study D. live47. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothingSECTION C (12 marks)Directions Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context."I never expected that I would be so busy." complained Lin Ran as final exams were going on.The 18-year-old girl was Fujian Province's top scorer in last year's college entrance examination. 48. __ chose the Chinese University of Hong Kong 49. __ both Peking University and Tsinghua University promised her a place."I'm majoring 50. __ journalism, so Hong Kong will surely help widen my horizons," Liu said.It is about four months 51.__ Liu Ran set foot on Hong Kong. She missed home a lot at the beginning, because of the food 52. __ language problems."The canteen offers mostly Western or Guangdong food. People speak Cantonese and almost 53.__ classes are in English." Liu explained.Her English and Cantonese are now improving, but she still needs more time to adapt 54. ___ the new environment."I'm happy that I made the right decision to study here. With a mix of the Eastern and Western culture, there is so 55. ___ to discover and learn," she said.PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION (30 marks)Directions Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ALONDON, England (CNN) -- The youngest person to sail solo around the world returned home Thursday from his 30,000-mile, 282-day ocean journey.Mike Perham, 17, sailed into Lizard Point in Cornwall, the southernmost point in Britain, at 947 a. m., his race team said."It feels absolutely brilliant," Mike told CNN by phone hours before crossing the finish line. "I'm really, really excited to be going across the line at last. It doesn't feel like long since 1 crossed it first."Mike set off on his round-the-world trip on November 18, 2014. He has been sailing his yacht (帆船), , single-handedly, though a support team has been sailing next to him along the way.The teen has now achieved the title of Youngest Sailor to Circumnavigate the Globe Solo, according to the Guinness World Records.Mike learned how to sail when he was seven years old from his father, Peter and at age 14, he railed across the Atlantic alone.The teenager's school -- which Mike describes as "highly supportive" of his trip -- has redesigned his coursework to fit in with his trip. It also gave him some coursework to do during "quiet moments", according to Mike's website.There haven't been many of those quiet moments. Repeated autopilot failures forced him to stop for repairs in Portugal, the Canary Islands, South Africa, and twice in Australia, according to his website.Bad weather in the Southern Ocean -- between Australia and Antarctica – forced Mike to battle 50ft waves and 57 mph winds. He said at one point, a "freak (反常的,怪异的)wave" picked up the boat and turned it on its side.'"My feet were on the ceiling at the time," he told CNN. "That was a really hairy moment, and I was certainly thinking, 'Why am I here?' But we took the sails off and the day after I thought, 'This is brilliant! '"Mike describes his father as his biggest hero, always supportive of what he wanted to achieve. Peter Perham said he wasn't too worried about his son facing dangerous situations at sea, as long as he knew what to do and stayed safe.56. Mike Perham returned to Britain in ________.A. AugustB. SeptemberC. OctoberD. November57. Mike Perham is ________ that went on the round-the-world trip in the world up till now.A. the firstB. the fastestC. the oldestD. the youngest58. What does Mike think of his school?A. Tough.B. Doubtful.C. Considerate.D. Indifferent.59. We can tell from the passage that by thinking "Why am I here?", Mike felt ________.A. excitedB. surprisedC. regretfulD. curious60. The passage mainly tells us ________.A. Mike's exciting sail trip around the globeB. how Mike's father taught him to sail a boatC. the introduction of the Guinness World RecordsD. why CNN wanted to report the news to the publicBJohn was waiting for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't. Thirteen months ago, in a Florida library he took a book off the shelf with the previous owner's name, Miss Hollis Maynell, and took great interest in the notes in the margin. The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind.With time and effort he located her address. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond.During the following days the two grew to know each other through the mail. John requested a photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really eared, it wouldn't matter what she looked like. Later they scheduled their first meeting--700 p.m. at Grand Central Station in New York."You'll recognize me," she wrote, "by the red rose I’ll be wearing on my lapel (翻领)." So at 700 he was in the station looking for the girl with the red rose.A young woman in a green suit was coming toward him. Her figure was long and slim and her eyes were blue. Almost uncontrollably he made one step closer to her, and just at this moment he saw Hollis Maynell -- a woman well past 40. The girl was walking quickly away. He felt as though he split in two, so keen was his desire to follow her, and yet so deep was his longing for the woman whose spirit had truly accompanied him and upheld his own.He did not hesitate. He squared his shoulders and said, "I'm John, and you must be Miss Maynell. I am so glad you could meet me; may I take you to dinner?"The woman smiled, "I don't know what this is about, son," she answered, "but the young lady in the green suit begged me to wearthis rose on my coat. And she said if you were to ask me to dinner, I should tell you that she is waiting for you in the restaurant across the street. She said it was some kind of test!"61. We can infer from the passage that ________.A. Miss Maynell was a very funny womanB. John got Miss Maynell's address from the bookC. John had known the secret and prepared in advanceD. John succeeded in winning the heart of Miss Maynell62. According to the passage, Miss Maynell begged that woman to wear the rose to ________.A. check if he was the man she wrote toB. make sure that the man was there on timeC. compare with her and gain an advantage over herD. see whether he wasn't just interested in appearance63. Which of the following is RIGHT about the book?A. The woman put the book there on purpose.B. Part of the book was written by Miss Maynell.C. Miss Maynell's name greatly aroused John's interest.D. Possibly the book was once Miss Maynell's but now it was owned by the library.64. The woman who wore the rose on her coat ________.A. was a friend of Miss MaynellB. didn't know the girl who gave her the roseC. showed great admiration for the clever girlD. was moved deeply by the true love between the two youngsters65. The writer tries to tell us thatA. it is useful to read often in the libraryB. Miss Maynell was brighter than JohnC. only the true love can stand the testD. you must make friends with an honest manCUntil recently, the "science of the future" was supposed to be electronics and artificial intelligence. Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs in technology will bebrought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistry and genetic engineering. This combination is the science of biotechnology.Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic materials. However, it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve (保存) heat and also to absorb moisture. Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near the combination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we findin the bodies of ordinary insects.Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in "growing" a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin. The next step may well be "biotech hearts and eyes" which can replace diseased organs in human beings. These will not be rejectedby the body, as is the case with organs from humans.The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising. In 1996 the famous science fiction writer, Arthur C. Clarke, many of whose previous predictions have come true, said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewable sources of energy. Some of these power sources will be biological. Clarke and others have warned us repeatedly that sooner or later we will have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources. Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient. However, using them also means creating dangerously high levels of pollution. It will be impossible to meet the growing demand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic (灾难性的) levels unless we develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other "scienceof the future" can solve our problems. Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power. Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise limitless, cheap and safe energy. Todaythose promises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place calledChernobyl, in the Ukraine. Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerous way.66. According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be ________.A. biotechnologyB. electronicsC. genetic engineeringD. nuclear technology67. The materials produced with organic chemistry are ________.at present.A. as good as woolB. as good as an insect's bodyC. better than natural materialsD. not as good as natural materials68. According to the passage, it may soon be possible ________.A. to transplant human organsB. to make artificial hearts and eyesC. to produce drugs without side effectsD. to make something as good as human skin69. In 1996, Arthur C. Clarke predicted thatA. the Chernobyl disaster would happen in two yearsB. biological power sources would be put into use soonC. oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the futureD. we will never stop using non-renewable power sources70. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Biological power will keep all its promises.B. Biological power is cheaper than nuclear power.C. Biotechnology can solve all our future energy problems.D. Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear powerPART FOUR WRITING (45 marks)SECTION A (2014 marks)Directions Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.Who says people need land to grow vegetables? All you need is a roof that is strong enough and flat enough to support a garden. We are going to describe one way to build a rooftop garden that does noteven require soil. Four things are needed for a small rooftop garden. One thing is a roof that can support the weight; another is grass cutting. The third thing is a sheet of plastic in which to spread the cut grass. And the last thing is a box about eight centimeters deep and made out of four pieces of wood.Once you are sure the roof is good, cut and collect some grass. Then lay down the plastic where the garden box will go. The four-sided box can be as long and as wide as needed. Place the box on top of the sheet of plastic. Then fill it with the cut grass. Next, add waterand walk on the cuttings to press them down. After about three weeks, the rooftop garden is ready for planting. Put the seeds directly into the wet grass cuttings. This garden is a good place to grow peas, tomatoes, beans, onions and lettuce. If the box is deep enough, potatoes and carrots will also grow.It is important to keep the grass wet until the plants begin to grow. When the plants are growing, they will need watering every day,unless there is rain. And they will need some liquid fertilizer. Also, seeds and new plants must be protected from insects and birds.Rooftop gardens are increasingly popular, and not just to grow vegetables. They keep buildings cooler in the sun, so they save energy. They can also extend the useful life of a roof. Rooftop gardens also reduce the runoff of storm water and help clean the air. Plus they add beauty, and give birds and insects in the city a nice place to live.The building of a rooftop vegetable gardenThings needed 71. ________ RequirementsA roof To support the 72.________ 73. ________ and strong enoughGrass cuttings To be used as 74.________To be 75. ________ down 76. ________ To hold the cut Eight centimeters deepgrassSeeds To grow into77.________ To be protected from 78. ________79. ________ and fertilizer To make vegetablesgrow betterSupplied frequently and 80.________SECTION B (2014 marks)Directions Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage.The history of bowling can be traced back to the Stone Age. The first evidence of the game was discovered by the Briton Sir Flinders Petrie and his team of archaeologists in Egypt in the 1930s. He found a collection of objects in a small child's grave that appeared tobelong to the original form of the game. However, some have arguedthat the game evolved much later than that. William Pehle, a German historian, claimed that it started in Germany around 300 AD, havingits origin as a religious ceremony.In England, bowling began as early as the 120140s. Throughout England, several kinds of bowling existed during the mid 1300s, but the first written mention of the game was made by King Edward III in 1366. He banned playing it among his troops, because it was distracting(使分心) them from training. Later, during the times of King Henry VIII, the game's popularity increased, and it became a symbol of nobility and high social status.Bowling has been popular in America since Colonial days. During the17th century, English, Dutch and German settlers imported their own version of the game to America. At that time, it consisted of nine pins(保龄球等的木瓶), and was regularly played in an area of New York City still known as Bowling Green.The American Bowling Congress was formed on September 9, 1895, and made contributions towards standardizing bowling in the United States and organizing the first official competition. The Women's Bowling League followed in 1917.Over the years, the game has changed a lot. A variety of tactics(策略;招数) have been developed. The invention of automatic pin spotter (保龄球自动服务机) in the 1940s changed both the game and the industry. Currently, the sport is enjoyed by 95 million people in more than ninety countries worldwide.81. What is the game of bowling thought to have been in Germany originally? (No more than 3 words) (2 marks)82. Why didn't King Edward III allow his troops to play bowling? (No more than 2014 words) (3 marks)83. Which kinds of people were likely to play bowling in England during the times of King Henry VIII? (No more than 8 words) (3 marks)84. What has changed bowling and the industry? (No more than 6 words) (2 marks)SECTION C (25 marks)Directions Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是图片上拿着酒瓶的MR DRUNK．图片描述的是你昨天经历的一件事。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)政治

长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）思想政治本试题卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，共8页。

时量75分钟，满分100分。

第Ⅰ卷选择题（共48分）一、选择题（本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）1．继2024年1月德国火车司机罢工后，当地时间3月12日，德国汉莎航空约1.9万工会成员举行罢工，造成1000余个航班被取消，12万名旅客的出行受到影响。

汉莎航空工会组织此次罢工主要是为了向航空公司施压，要求为空乘人员增加工资并提供通胀补贴。

此外，工会诉求还包括增加带薪休假时间、提高养老金和退休保障等。

下列对德国工人罢工分析正确的是（）A．工人阶级和资产阶级的矛盾可以通过谈判来解决B．资本家可以通过提高工人工资来解决资本主义基本矛盾C．资本主义基本矛盾是工人进行罢工的总根源D．工会工人罢工是资本主义经济危机的基本特征2．2024年3月28日，西藏各族各界群众身着节日盛装，纪念西藏百万农奴解放65周年。

1959年3月28日，百万农奴得到彻底解放，成为自己命运的主人，实现了做人的权利，享有法律规定的公民权利。

由此可见（）①社会主义制度让百万农奴获得了新生②农奴制阻碍了人的发展，是历史的倒退③农奴的全部产品都归农奴主占有和支配④劳动人民被压迫、剥削的历史在西藏终结A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④3．习近平总书记指出，历史是最好的教科书，也是最好的清醒剂。

我们党一经成立就鲜明提出“党的根本政治目的是实行社会革命”。

只有把党建设得更加坚强有力，才能确保中国式现代化劈波斩浪、行稳致远。

这要求中国共产党（）A．坚定道路自信，用马克思主义理论体系武装全党B．坚持和加强从严治党，以自我革命引领社会革命C．坚定理想信念，融个人理想于国家民族梦想之中D．推动社会主义事业建设的伟大工程，并一以贯之4．2024年4月26日，由广州地铁集团与腾讯公司共同成立的广州穗腾数字科技有限公司揭牌。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考(一)数学试题(原卷版)

（1）证明：；
（2）求 .
18.设各项均不为零的数列的前项和为，且对于任意，满足 .
（1）求数列的通项公式；
（2）设，求数列的前99项和.
19.如图，在三棱锥中，侧棱底面，且，过棱的中点，作交于点，连接 .
（1）证明：平面；
（2）若，三棱锥的体积是，求直线与平面所成角的大小.
11.如图，直线与半径为1的圆相切于点，射线从出发绕点逆时针方向旋转到，在旋转过程中，交于点，设为（其中），射线扫过的圆内部的区域（阴影部分）的面积为，则下列说法正确的有（）
A.
B.函数的单调递增区间为
C.函数图象对称中心为
D.函数在处的瞬时变化率最大
12.已知数列满足，且对任意的正整数，都有，则下列说法正确的有（）
（1）在一次训练中，使用B型号炮弹，求q满足什么条件时，才能使得至少有一发炮弹命中目标飞行物的概率不低于；
（2）若，试判断在一次训练中选用A型号炮弹还是B型号炮弹使得目标飞行物坠毁的概率更大？并说明理由．
21.已知椭圆左焦点为，点到椭圆上的点的距离最小值是1，离心率为 .
（1）求椭圆的方程；
A. B.数列是等差数列
C. D.当为奇数时，
三､填空题（本大题共4个小题，每小题5分，共20分）
13.已知两圆，若圆与圆有且仅有两条公切线，则的取值范围为__________.
14.在等差数列中，若，且数列的前项和有最大值，则使成立的正整数的最大值是__________.
（2）设点是椭圆上关于轴对称的两点，交椭圆于另一点，求的内切圆半径的范围.

2024年中考第三次模拟考试-道德与法治(长沙卷)(全解全析)

2024年中考第三次模拟考试（长沙卷）道德与法治（考试时间：60分钟试卷满分：100分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效。

3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷一、选择题（本题共12小题，每小题4分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的）1．2024年的中国政府工作报告将新质生产力列为2024年十大工作任务的首位。

新质生产力是起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。

（）A．创新B．教育C．改革D．人才【答案】A2．2024年2月23日，浙江杭州消防指挥中心接到报警：上城区婺江路天阳亲子广场一餐馆厨房油烟管道发生火警。

后续经过调查被认定为餐厅厨房操作人员李某操作不慎引起油锅起火，酿成火灾，造成一定金额的损失。

按照《中华人民共和国消防法》有关规定，决定给予李某拘留十日的处罚。

这说明（）①法律具有强制性的特征②一旦违法就必须承担责任③报警是维权的最后屏障④犯罪行为会受到刑罚处罚A．①②B．①④C．②③D．③④【答案】A【详解】本题考查法律的特征、违法必须承担责任。

①②：依据教材知识和结合题文材料可知，法律具有强制性的特征；一旦违法就必须承担责任；故①②符合题意；③：诉讼是维权的最后屏障，故③说法错误；④：李某的行为是行政违法行为，承担行政责任，故④不符合题意；故本题选A。

3．前行的路上，难免会遇到各种挑战。

没有哪一代人的青春是一帆风顺的，真正的强者总是在磨砺中昂扬奋起。

山巅的风、海里的浪、彼岸的云，征途上最美的风景，只属于不畏艰辛的人。

中华民族伟大复兴的接力棒，已经交到当代青年之手。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)英语

长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）英语时量：120分钟满分：150分得分：_________第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C。

1．Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a hotel.B．In a restaurant.C．In a bank.2．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．A plan.B．A place.C．A report.3．What is the woman worried about?A．Her colleague’s injury.B．No invitation to the trip.C．The plan for next Sunday.4．What can we say about the man?A．He is careless.B．He is generous.C．He is curious.5．What did the man do last weekend?A．He did sports.B．He watched TV.C．He cooked meals.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期月考卷(二)化学(含答案)

长沙市第一中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第二次月考化学时量：75分钟满分：100分可能用到的相对原子质量：H~l C~12 N～14 O~16 S~32 Cu～64 Ga～70一、选择题(本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分。

每小题只有一项符合题目要求)1.材料科技与人类文明密切相关。

下列叙述正确的是A．玻璃是晶体，有固定的熔点B．天津大学研发的石墨烯芯片引领电子行业的新革命，石墨烯属于新型烯烃C．我国用于制造世界最大口径反射镜的碳化硅，属于新型无机非金属材料D．天宫二号使用的碳纤维是—种有机高分子材料2.下列化学用语表示正确的是A．晶态SiO2和非晶态SiO2衍射图谱对比：B．固体HF中的链状结构：C．二聚AlCl3中Al的杂化方式：sp3D．石墨的层状结构：3.基本概念和理论是化学思维的基石。

下列叙述不正确的是A．VSEPR理论认为VSEPR模型与分子的空间结构不一定相同B．电子云图中的小黑点越密，表示电子在核外空间出现的概率密度越大C．五彩斑斓的霓虹灯光，与原子核外电子跃迁有关，属于吸收光谐D．“电子气理论”可以解释金属晶体的延展性，导电性和导热性4.如图所示，下列装置合理的是A．图甲：可用于制备明矾晶体B．图乙：制取金属铝C．图丙：检验纯碱中含有钾元素D．图丁：实验室制备NH35.在N保护和搅拌下，向FeSO4溶液中加入适量NaOH溶液，得到少量Fe(OH)2沉淀，持续通N2升温至40℃，将气体切换为空气，浊液体系由浅绿色变深，形成蓝绿色沉淀Fe6(OH)12SO4(反应1)(Fe的价态有+2和+3)，继续通入空气，沉淀最后转化为黄色固体FeOOH(反应2)。

此时若停止通空气，向体系中补充适量NaOH并调控温度，FeOOH可以变为Fe6(OH)12SO4(反应3)，也可转化为黑色磁性物质(反应4)。

关于以上过程的说法错误的是SO+2H2O=2Fe6(OH)12SO4A．反应1：2Fe2++10Fe(OH)2+O2+22-4B．反应4中FeOOH被还原生成了Fe3O4C．Fe6(OH)12SO4中有2个+3价FeD．反应2中若生成3molFeOOH，转移3mole-6.某含铜催化剂的阴离子的结构如图所示。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2025届高三上学期月考卷(一)政治答案

长沙市一中2025届高三月考试卷（一）思想政治参考答案一、选择题（本大题共16小题，每小题3分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）题号12345678910111213141516答案C B B A B D B C A A C B C A B D 1．C【解析】在资本主义社会，无产阶级与资产阶级的矛盾是不可调和的，A、B不选。

资本主义社会基本矛盾是生产社会化与生产资料私有制之间的矛盾，这是资本主义社会一切矛盾和冲突的总根源，C说法正确。

生产相对过剩是资本主义社会经济危机的基本特征，D不选。

2．B【解析】由材料可知，社会主义制度让百万农奴获得了新生，劳动人民被压迫、剥削的历史在西藏终结，①④符合题意。

农奴制相对于奴隶制是一种历史的进步，②表述过于绝对。

农奴不完全等同于奴隶，并没有丧失全部产品，农奴可以有自己的家庭和少量财产，且该选项与题意不符，③不选。

3．B【解析】坚持和加强从严治党，以自我革命引领社会革命，通过自我革命，党能够不断净化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高，从而确保党的先进性和纯洁性，进而引领社会革命，才能确保中国式现代化劈波斩浪、行稳致远，B正确。

材料强调加强党的建设才能确保中国式现代化劈波斩浪、行稳致远，并未强调道路自信及用马克思主义理论体系武装全党、个人理想和国家梦想的关系，A、C不选。

党的建设是伟大工程，D不选。

4．A【解析】由广州地铁集团与腾讯公司共同成立的广州穗腾数字科技有限公司揭牌，该公司属于混合所有制性质，体现了国有企业与民营企业深化合作，发挥各自优势，取长补短，实现了多元资本间的交叉持股与融合，①正确。

该公司致力打造“数智城轨”新格局，体现了该公司的成立将加速推动新质生产力的形成和发展，③正确。

材料没有凸显民营经济在市场竞争中的优势，②不选。

国有经济对基础交通业具有控制力，④错误。

5．B【解析】我国政府通过加强和优化公共服务，保障社会公平正义，促进共同富裕，更好满足人民日益增长的美好生活需要，把罕见病用药纳入医保，体现了政府的公共服务职能，③符合题意。

2014届长沙市一中第八次月考英语试卷2

2014届长沙市一中第八次月考英语试卷2高考英语2014-04-12 201424Stage 4 ConclusionIn this stage, the interviewer should explain what the next steps are in the hiring process. Be sure you understand them. Promptly (敏捷) provide any additional information requested. There should be an opportunity for you at this point to ask any questions you have.Tipsl Give concise (简明) but thorough responses to questions.l Relax and answer each question concisely.l Respond promptly.l Use good manners.l Greet your interviewer with a firm handshake.l Be cooperative and enthusiastic.l Use body language to show interest.l Ask questions about the position and the organization, but avoid questions whose answers can easily be found on the company Web site. Also avoid asking questions about salary and benefits unless a job offer is made.l Thank the interviewer when you leave and, as a follow-up (后续), in writing.64. The “ice breaker” in the first paragraph means _____.A. a ship that breaks iceB. creating a good resultC. saving a bad situationD. making a good opening65. Which of the following can be used to fill in the blank?A. background and interestsB. education and prizesC. sense of duty and goalsD. experiences and qualifications66. According to the writer, only in ______ can you ask any question you have.A. Stage 1B. Stage 2C. Stage 3D. Stage 467. Which of the following is improper (不恰当) according to the Tips given by the writer？A. Speaking with body language.B. Asking questions about the organization.C. Greeting the interviewer with just a smile.D. Writing to the interviewer after the interview.DPeek－the real-life “savant” on whom Dustin Hoffman’s character in the film Rain Man is based knows 9,000 books off by heart; he can direct people around US cities from maps he has memorized years ago; and he has total recall of the dates of all major world events.Now studies of Peek’s abilities are being used by scientists to shed light on the human mind, and to open the way for men and women to exploit（利用） far more of their intellectual potential, as the latest issue of Scientific American reveals.“Kin’s story tells us that the human brain is far more flexible than we had thought,”said Darold Treffert, a psychiatrist (心理学家) of the Scientific American Paper told The Observer.“Like many other savants, he has suffered disabilit y in one area of his brain, but has been rewarded by acquiring remarkable newabilities in other areas. This shows we all have considerable hidden intellectual potential. By studying Kim and other savants, we can learn how to develop those powers.”Kin , now 54 , was born with a malformed cerebellum (畸形的小脑), and at the base of his brain, lacks a corpus callosum (数据储存区), the thick bundle of nerves that normally connects the brain’s twohemispheres (半球). In 1988 he was given an IQ rating of 87, well below the average.Kin has poor physical condition, cannot button his shirts but has remarkable memory power and has started to develop as an accomplished pianist in the last two years. This latest development－in a man in his 50s with large chunks of his brain missing－is particularly significant, added Treffert.“His brain is still adapting to his condition, even in mid-life.”“He remembers 98 per cent of what he reads,”said his father Fran. “It’s like down loading data on to a hard disk—except his never crashes.”68. From the text, we can learn a “savant” is ______.A. a person with extraordinary abilityB. a person with a low IQC. a person with a malformed cerebellumD. an accomplishedpianist69. Scientist are studying Kim’s case in order to ______.A. help him better develop his abilitiesB. help Kim improve his IQ ratingC. find more such persons in the worldD. help humans exploit their potential70. The writer mentions Kin’s experience of learning to play the piano to ______.A. tell us his achievement in musicB. show how different he is from othersC. show it is possible for people to learn complicated skills in mid-lifeD. tell us about his life experiences71. Which of the following statements about Kin is true according to the passage?A. He was born with a healthier brain than ordinary people.B. He enjoys better health than most people.C. He remembers almost all that he has ever read.D. He has a higher IQ rating than most people.72. The underlined “we” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.A. people with malformed cerebellumB. people like KinC. ordinary peopleD. scientists.第二节简答题（共3小题，满分6分）阅读下面短文，根据第73至第75小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。

湖南省长沙市第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期月考(五)化学试题及答案

长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷（五）化学注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回.可能用到的相对原子质量：H ～1Li ～7C ～12N ～14O ～16Cl ～35.5K ～39Zn~65第Ⅰ卷（选择题共42分）一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.）1.“绿水青山，就是金山银山”.近年来我国的环境保护工作取得了长足进步，人们的生活环境得到了极大改善，下列说法错误的是（）A.使用聚乳酸可降解餐具可减少白色垃圾B.水泥厂和冶金厂常用高压直流电除去大量烟尘，减少对空气的污染C.乙醇汽油的广泛使用不能减少汽车尾气中NO x 的排放D.燃煤时鼓入过量的空气可以减少酸雨的产生2.下列化学用语表示正确的是（）A 乙二酸的实验式：224C H O B.基态C 原子的轨道表示式：C.()3232CH CH CH CH 的名称：3-甲基戊烷D.聚丙烯的链节：222CH CH CH ----3.设A N 为阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列说法不正确的是（）A.37Na ClO 与35H Cl 反应每产生271gCl ，转移电子的数目小于A NB.含240.2molH SO 的浓硫酸与足量的镁反应，转移的电子数大于A 0.2NC.264.6gC H O 完全燃烧，可能有A 0.6N 个C H -断裂D.30.1molAlCl 受热熔融时电离得到的离子数目为A 0.4N 4.下列有关实验仪器（或装置）的使用正确的是（）A.图①：除去苯中混有的苯酚B.图②：排出盛有4KMnO 溶液的滴定管尖嘴内的气泡C.图③：分离碘和氯化钠混合物D.图④：吸收HCl 制盐酸5.滑雪镜的制作材料是一种高分子材料—聚碳酸酯（简称PC ），其合成方法和分子结构如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A.反应物Ⅰ的分子式为1514C H OB.反应物Ⅱ分子中所有原子可能共平面C.向反应后的混合物中加入3FeCl 溶液检验反应物Ⅰ是否完全反应D.PC 有很好的光学性能，且耐强碱6.表示下列反应的离子方程式正确的是（）A.用过量23Na CO 溶液吸收废气中的2SO ：22322332CO SO H O SO 2HCO ---++=+B.在氨水中加入少量4CuSO 溶液：23224Cu2NH H O Cu(OH)2NH +++⋅=↓+C.向碘化亚铁溶液中滴加少量桸硝酸：23323Fe4H NO 3Fe 2H O NO ++-+++=++↑D.向()32Mg HCO 溶液中加入过量的NaOH 溶液：2332Mg2HCO 2OH MgCO 2H O+--++=↓+7.某化合物通过界面埋入可以实现钙钛矿太阳能电池的高稳定性，其结构如图.X 、Y 、Z 、W 、M 是原子序数依次增大的前四周期主族元素，X 与Z 的原子序数之和与W 的原子序数相等.下列说法正确的是（）A.分子极性：33XZ WY > B.简单氢化物的沸点：Z ＞Y ＞XC.2YZ 和2WY 的VSEPR 模型名称相同D.与M 原子最外层电子数相同的同周期元素还有1种8.雄黄（44As S ，）与雌黄（23As S ，，）是古代重要的药物和染料，二者可发生如图转化：雄黄2H O2333As O H AsO −−−→Ⅱ（三元弱酸）雌黄，A N 表示阿伏加德罗常数的值.下列说法正确的是（）A.0.5mol 雄黄中含有A N 个S S-B.反应Ⅰ中，氧化剂与还原剂的物质的量之比为7:1C.230.1mol /LNaH AsO 溶液中的离子浓度存在如下关系：()()()()()2333H Na OH 2HAsO 3AsO c c c c c ++---+=++D.雌黄分子中As 原子的杂化方式为3sp ，S 原子的杂化方式为2sp 9.过氧硫酸氢根()5HSO -参与烯烃的不对称环氧化反应的机理如图，下列说法不正确的是（）A.该反应有水生成B.利用此反应可将乙烯氧化为环氧乙烷C.过氧硫酸氢根是该反应的催化剂D.5HSO -、均有较强的氧化性10.下列实验操作、现象、实验结论均正确的是（）选实验操作现象结论项A向等浓度等体积的22H O 中分别加入等浓度等体积的4KMnO 溶液和4CuSO 溶液前者产生气泡速率快4KMnO 的催化效果比4CuSO 好B向NaCl 、NaI 的混合溶液中滴入少量稀3AgNO 溶液有黄色沉淀生成()()sp sp AgCl AgI K K >C取A 、B 两支试管，各加入4mL0.01mol /L 的224H C O 溶液，然后向A 试管中加入2mL0.01mol/L 酸性高锰酸钾溶液，同时向B 试管中加入2mL0.02 mol/L 酸性高锰酸钾溶液B 试管褪色时间短其他条件不变时，增大反应物的浓度，反应速率加快D取5mL0.1mol /LKI 溶液于试管中，加入31mL0.1mol /LFeCl 溶液，充分反应后滴入5滴15%KSCN溶液溶液变红3Fe +与I -的反应有一定限度11.我国科研团队设计了一种表面锂掺杂的锡纳米粒子催化剂s SnLi -，可提高电催化制甲酸盐的产率，同时释放电能，实验原理如图1所示，图2为使用不同催化剂时反应过程中的相对能量的变化.下列说法错误的是（）图1图2A.2O 、2CO 均为非极性分子B.充电时，阳极发生反应：224OH 4e O 2H O---=+C.使用催化剂Sn 或s SnLi -均能有效提高甲酸盐的选择性D.放电时，当Zn 电极质量减少6.5g 时，电解质溶液增重6.5g12.2N O 是常见的环境污染性气体.一定温度下，向三个容积不等的恒容密闭容器中分别投入21molN O ，发生反应：()()()2222N O g 2N g O g + .反应相同时间内，三个容器中2N O 的转化率如图中A 、B 、C 三点.下列叙述正确的是（）A.A 点的v 正小于C 点的v 逆B.C 点加入适当催化剂，不能提高2N O 的转化率C.若B 点为平衡点，在该温度下，反应的平衡常数 6.4K =D.在恒温恒容下，向A 点平衡体系中再充入一定量的2N O ，与原平衡相比，2N O 的平衡转化率减小13.2Mg Fe 是目前储氢密度最高的材料之一，其晶胞结构如图所示，晶胞边长为pm a .Mg 原子占据Fe 形成的所有四面体空隙，储氢后，2H 分子占据Fe 形成的八面体空隙，化学式为()22Mg Fe H x .下列说法正确的是（）A.2Mg Fe 晶胞中，存在的化学键类型为金属键和离子键B.氢气储满后晶体的化学式为()222Mg Fe HC.氢气储满后，2H 和2H的最短距离为pm 2a D.晶胞中Fe 与Mg 的配位数均为414.常温下，向一定浓度224H C O 溶液中加入()KOH s ，保持溶液体积和温度不变，测得pH 与lgX -［X 为()224H C O c 、()224C Oc -、()()22424C O HC O c c --］变化如图所示.下列说法错误的是（）A.常温下，224H C O 的 2.3al 10K -=B.a 点溶液中：()()()()()24224KOH HC O 2H C O H c c c c c +--+-=+-C.24KHC O 溶液中：()()()22424224HC O C O H C O c c c -->>D.b 点溶液中：()()24K3HC O c c +-<第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共58分）二、非选择题（本题共4小题，共58分.）15.（14分）乙酰苯胺是一种白色结晶粉末，可用作止痛剂、退热剂、防腐剂和染料中间体.已知：物质苯胺冰醋酸乙酰苯胺熔点-6.2℃16.6℃113℃沸点184℃117.9℃304℃其他性质微溶于水，易被氧化而变色—白色晶体，难溶于水，易溶于乙醇等有机溶剂Ⅰ.粗乙酰苯胺的制备：制备原理：实验装置：如图所示（加热、夹持装置略）实验步骤：①向仪器a 中加入11.4mL （约0.2mol ）冰醋酸、9.1mL （约0.1mol ）无水苯胺、0.1g 锌粉；②组装好仪器，对仪器a 加热，当温度计读数达到100℃左右时有液体馏出，维持温度在100～105℃之间反应60min ；③反应结束后，在搅拌下趁热将反应液倒入盛有冷水的烧杯中，析出固体，将混合物抽滤得到乙酰苯胺粗品.（1）仪器a 的名称是__________.仪器a 的最适宜规格为__________（填标号）.a.25mLb.50mLc.150mLd.200mL（2）步骤②中锥形瓶中的馏出液主要成分是__________（填物质名称），锥形瓶中实际收集的液体远多于理论量，可能的原因为_________________________.（3）为探究锌粉用量对乙酰苯胺产率的影响，实验小组做了对比实验，实验数据如下表，试合理推测加入锌粉的作用是______________，第二组实验中锌粉用量最多但乙酰苯胺产率反而降低的原因可能是__________________.组别第一组第二组第三组苯胺（mL ）9.19.19.1冰醋酸（mL ）15.615.615.6锌粉（g ） 1.625 3.250产量（g ） 3.4 2.26 1.27产率（%）4130.117.1Ⅱ.乙酰苯胺的提纯：将上述制得的粗乙酰苯胺粗产品移入500mL 烧杯中，加入100mL 热水，加热至沸腾，待粗乙酰苯胺完全溶解后，再补加少量蒸馏水.稍冷后，加入少量活性炭吸附色素等杂质，在搅拌下微沸5min ，趁热过滤.待滤液冷却至室温，有晶体析出，称量产品为10.8g.（4）上述提纯乙酰苯胺的方法是__________.（5）该实验中乙酰苯胺的产率是_________（保留两位有效数字）.16.（15分）随着新能源汽车销量的猛增，动力电池退役高峰将至，磷酸铁锂（LFP ）是目前使用最多的动力电池材料，困此回收磷酸铁锂具有重要意义.一种从废旧磷酸铁锂正极片（4LiFePO 、导电石墨、铝箔）中回收锂的工艺流程如下：已知：23Li CO 在水中的溶解度随温度升高而降低.回答下列问题：（1）旧电池拆解前进行放电处理有利于锂在正极的回收，其原因是______________.（2）“碱浸”时，为加快浸出速率，可采取的措施是___________（答出一点即可）.（3）“氧化浸出”时，实际生产中氧化剂选用22H O ，不选用3NaClO 的原因是__________.“氧化浸出”时生成了难溶的4FePO ，该反应的离子方程式为___________________.（4）“沉锂”过程中使用水浴加热保持温度在95℃，“一系列操作”具体包括_________、_________、干燥.（5）滤液Ⅲ中()1Li2.0mol Lc +-=⋅，“沉锂”结束时溶液中()23CO c -为12.1mol L-⋅，则“沉锂”过程中，锂的沉降率为__________％［已知：浸出液在沉锂过程中溶液体积不变，()4sp 23Li CO 8.410K -=⨯］.（6）某锂电池的负极材料晶体是锂原子嵌入石墨烯层间形成的，晶胞结构（底面为平行四边形）如图所示.该晶体的化学式为_________，该晶体中最近的两个碳原子核间距离为pm a ，石墨烯层间距离为pm b ，则该晶体的密度为_________3g cm -⋅（列出计算式，用A N 表示阿伏加德罗常数）.17.（14分）绿色能源是未来能源发展的方向，积极发展氢能，是实现“碳达峰”、“碳中和”的重要举措.回答下列问题：（1）利用生物质可再生资源乙醇制备氢气具有良好的开发前景.乙醇在Ni MgO -催化下，制取氢气有如下方法：方法a ：水蒸气催化重整()()()()132221CH CH OH g H O g 4H g 2CO g Δ257kJ mol H -++=+⋅ 11111Δ459J mol K Δ120.2kJ mol S G ---=+⋅⋅=+⋅方法b ：部分催化重整()()()()322221CH CH OH g O g 3H g 2CO g Δ2H ++ 1122ΔS 400J mol K ΔG --=+⋅⋅已知：298K 时，相关物质的相对能量如图1.图1①依据图1数据，计算方法b 反应的2ΔH =________1KJ mol -⋅.②已知体系自由能变化：ΔΔΔS G H T =-，Δ0G <时反应自发进行.298K 时，请根据ΔG 的计算结果分析方法a 、b 哪个更有利？_________________________________.（2）甲烷水蒸气重整制氢的逆反应为()()()()2423H g CO g CH g H O g ++ .若将2H 与CO 按物质的量之比3:1加入反应装置，在不同条件下达到平衡时甲烷的物质的量分数为()4CH x ，在250t =℃条件下()4CH x 与p 的关系，在5510Pa p ⨯=条件下()4CH x 与t 的关系如图2所示.当CO 的平衡转化率为653时，反应条件可能是__________图2中能表示相同状态下，相同平衡状态的点是__________（填标号）.210℃时，甲烷水蒸气重整制氢反应在该温度下，反应的标准平衡常数K θ=（已知：分压＝总压×该组分物质的量分数，对于反应()()()()D g E g G g H g d e g h ++ ，对于反应，G H D E ghd e P P p p K P P p p θθθθθ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭=⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，其中100kPa p θ=，G p 、H p 、D p 、E p 为各组分的平衡分压）.图2（3）大量研究表明12Pt Ni 、12Sn Ni 、12Cu Ni 三种双金属合金团簇均可用于催化DRM 反应()422CH CO 2CO 2H ++，在催化剂表面涉及多个基元反应，其中甲烷逐步脱氢过程的能量变化如图3所示（吸附在催化剂表面上的物种用＊标注，TS1、TS2、TS3，TS4分别表示过渡态1、过渡态2、过渡态3、过渡态4）.图3①12Pt Ni 、12Sn Ni 、12Cu Ni 催化甲烷逐步脱氢过程的速率分别为1v 、2v 、3v ，则脱氢过程的速率由大到小的关系为___________.②12Sn Ni 催化剂催化甲烷逐步脱氢过程中，决定速率快慢的反应步骤是：________（用化学方程式表示）.18.（15分）2，5-二羟基对苯二甲酸（DHTA ）是一种重要的化工原料，广泛用于合成高性能有机颜料及光敏聚合物.利用生物质资源合成DHTA 的路线如下：已知：①②回答下列问题：（1）A →B 的反应类型为___________.（2）C 的结构简式为___________.（3）D 的化学名称为___________.（4）G →H 的化学方程式为______________________（5）含有氨基的物质的碱性随着N.原子电子云密度的增大而增强，则3NH 、32CH NH 、2NH OH 的碱性由强到弱的顺序为___________（6）写出一种能同时满足下列条件的G 的同分异构体的结构简式：___________（a ）核磁共振氢谱有两组峰，且峰面积比为3:2；（b ）红外光谱中存在C ＝O 、C-O 吸收峰，但没有O-H 、O-O 吸收峰；（c ）可与NaOH 水溶液反应，反应液酸化后可与3FeCl 溶液发生显色反应.（7）阿伏苯宗是防晒霜的添加剂之一.试以碘甲烷()3CH I 、对羟基苯乙酮（）和对叔丁基甲苯［］为原料，设计阿伏苯宗的合成路线（无机试剂和三个碳以下的有机试剂任选）.长沙市一中2024届高三月考试卷（五）化学参考答案一、选择题（本题共14小题，每小题3分，共42分.在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.）题号1234567891011121314答案DCDCBAABCDDDCA1.D 【解析】燃煤时鼓入足量空气，只能使燃料燃烧充分，不能减少二氧化硫的排放，则不能减少酸雨发生，燃煤时加CaO 脱硫，可减少酸雨的发生，D 错误.3.D 【解析】373522ClO Cl 2H Cl H O --+++=↑+，产生的2Cl 为3735Cl Cl -，71g 该氯气的物质的量小于1mol ，转移电子数小于A N ，A 正确；浓硫酸与足量的镁反应，若生成4MgSO 、2SO ，则240.2molH SO 转移0.2mole -，若生成4MgSO 和2H ，则240.2molH SO 转移0.4mole -，因此含240.2molH SO 的浓硫酸转移的电子数大于A 0.2N ，B 正确；334.6gCH OCH 完全燃烧，有A 0.6N 个C H -断裂，C 正确；3AlCl 是共价化合物，受热熔融时不电离，D 错误.5.B 【解析】由结构简式可知，反应物Ⅰ的分子式为15162C H O ，A 错误；由结构简式可知，反应物Ⅱ分子中的苯环和酯基都是平面结构，由单键可以旋转可知，分子中所有原子可能共平面，B 正确；由结构简式可知，反应物Ⅰ与反应物Ⅱ发生缩聚反应生成聚碳酸酯和苯酚，则不能用氯化铁溶液检验反应后的混合物中反应物Ⅰ是否完全反应，C 错误；由结构简式可知，聚碳酸酯分子中含有酯基，碱性条件下能发生水解反应，则PC 不具有耐强碱的性质，D 错误.7.A 【解析】Y 可以形成两个共价键，所以Y 应为第ⅥA 元素，所以Y 可能为O 元素或S 元素；W 可以形成六个共价键，所以W 应为S 元素；若W 为S 元素，则Y 只能为O 元素；由于M 可以形成＋1价阳离子且原子序数大于W ，所以M 为K 元素；又由于Z 可形成一个共价键，且原子序数小于W ，所以Z 为F 元素；又由于X 与Z 的原子序数之和与W 的原子序数相等，所以X 为N 元素；所以X 、Y 、Z 、W 、M 分别为N 元素、O 元素、F 元素、S 元素、K 元素.根据分析，3XZ 为3NF ，3WY 为3SO ，根据价层电子互斥模型，3NF 的价电子对为3＋1，为三角锥形，是极性分子；3SO 的价电子对为3＋0，为平面三角形，是非极性分子，所以极性：33NF SO >，A 正确；常温下，水为液体，氟化氢和氨气为气态，所以水的沸点最高，即Y 的简单氢化物沸点最高，B 错误；2YZ 为2OF ，中心原子价电子对数为224+=，VSEPR 模型名称为四面体形，2WY 为2SO ，中心原子价电子对数为213+=，VSEPR 模型名称为平面三角形，C 错误；与K 原子最外层电子数相同的同周期元素还有Cr 和Cu 两种，D 错误.8.B 【解析】图中黑球代表As 原子，白球代表S 原子，所以雄黄中不含S-S ，A 错误；根据图示的反应历程知，反应Ⅰ的方程为442223As S 7O 4SO 2As O +=+，氧化剂与还原剂物质的量之比为7:1，B 正确；0.1mol /L 的23NaH AsO 溶液中离子浓度存在关系：()()()()()()233323H Na OH 2HAsO 3AsO H AsO c c c c c c ++----+=+++，C 错误；由图知雄黄分子中S 上有2个σ键，由于S 的最外层有6个电子，故应该还有两个孤电子对，因此，S 原子的杂化方式为3sp ，D 错误.9.C 【解析】由图像分析，在碱性()OH-条件下反应步骤有2H O 生成，A 正确；利用题给机理，22CHCH =与进一步得到环氧乙烷，B 正确；通过图像流程分析，5HSO -参与反应最终转化为24SO -，不是催化剂，C 错误；5HSO -中含有过氧键，中也含有过氧键，因此均有较强的氧化性，D 正确.11.D【解析】2O 分子中只含非极性键，2O 是非极性分子，2CO 是直线形分子，结构对称，2CO 为非极性分子，A 正确；放电时，Zn 失电子生成[]24Zn(OH)-，Zn 是负极，因此由图可知充电时，阳极发生反应224OH 4e O 2H O ---=+，B 正确；使用催化剂Sn 或s SnLi -均能降低生成甲酸的活化能，有效提高甲酸盐的选择性，C 正确；放电时，负极发生反应[]24Zn 2e 4OH Zn(OH)----+=、正极发生反应22CO 2e H O HCOO OH ---++=+，当Zn 电极质量减少6.5g 时，电路中转移0.2mol 电子，正极吸收20.1molCO ，电解质溶液增重6.5g 4.4g 10.9g +=，D 错误.12.D 【解析】A 点体积小，压强大，反应速率快，A 错误；由题干图像可知，容器的容积依次增大，反应速率依次减小可知，C 点未达到平衡状态，使用催化剂可加快反应速率，提高2N O 的转化率，B 错误；B 点对应的体系为L b ，因此平衡常数 6.4K b=，C 错误；在恒温恒容下，向A 点平衡体系中充入一定量的2N O ，等效于加压，平衡逆向移动，2N O 的平衡转化率减小，D 正确.13.C 【解析】构成该晶体的元素均为金属元素，所以存在的化学键类型为金属键，A 错误；Fe 原子形成的八面体空隙在晶胞的棱心和体心，所以每个晶胞中含有4个Fe 和8个Mg ，16142⨯+=个2H ，因此氢气储满后晶体的化学式为22Mg FeH ，B 错误；2H 和2H的最短距离为面对角线的二分之一，为pm 2a ，C 正确；根据晶胞结构示意图可知，距离Mg 原子最近且等距的Fe 原子有4个，即Mg 的配位数为4，而该晶体的化学式为2Mg Fe ，所以Fe 的配位数为8，D 错误.14.A 【解析】向一定浓度224H C O 溶液中加入KOH 固体，随着pH 增大，()Hc +减小，()224H C O c 减小，()224C O c -增大，则()224lg H C O c -增大，()224lg C O c --减小，()()()224a 24C O HC O H c Kc c --+=增大，则()()22424C O lgHC O c c ---减小，则曲线M 表示()224lg H C O c -，曲线N 表示()224lg C O c --，曲线L 表示()()22424C O lg HC O c c ---.由()()22424C O lg 0HC O c c ---=时溶液pH 4.3=可得()()()2244.3a 224C O H 10HC O c c K c -+--⋅==.a 点时，()()224224C O H C O c c -=，()()()()222425.6ala 2224C O H H 10H C O c c K K c c -++-⋅⨯===，则 5.61.3a14.3101010K ---==，A 错误；a 点时，()()224224C O H C O c c -=，由电荷守恒有()()()()()22424K H OH HC O 2C O c c c c c ++---+=++，则()()()()()24224KOH HC O 2H C O H c c c c c +--+-=+-，B 正确；1412.7w h2a21.3a1101010K KK K ---===<，即24HC O -的电离程度大于其水解程度，则24KHC O 溶液中()()224224C O H C O c c ->，C 正确；b 点时，溶液pH 4.3=，溶液呈酸性，()()H OH c c +->且()()22424HC O C O c c --=，则由电荷守恒()()()()()22424K H OH HC O 2C O c c c c c ++---+=++得()()24K 3HC O c c +-<，D 正确.二、非选择题（本题共4小题，共58分.）15.（14分）（1）圆底烧瓶（1分）b （1分）（2）水（2分）乙酸挥发进入锥形瓶（2分）（3）用作还原剂，防止苯胺被氧化（2分）锌粉的用量过多会与冰醋酸反应造成原料损耗（2分）（4）重结晶（2分）（5）80%（2分）16.（15分）（1）放电有利于Li +向正极移动并进入正极材料（2分）（2）升温、粉碎、增大NaOH 的浓度（1分，任答一点）（3）盐酸和氯酸钠反应生成的氯气会污染空气（2分）422422LiFePO H O 2H 2Li 2FePO 2H O ++++=++（2分）（4）过滤（或趁热过滤）热水洗涤（共2分）（5）99（2分）（6）6LiC （2A 2[A 2]（2分）【解析】（1）放电时Li +移向正极，正极可以得到更多Li +，所以放电有利于Li +向正极移动并进入正极材料.（2）升温、粉碎、增大NaOH 的浓度等可加快浸出速率.（3）氯酸钠具有强氧化性，能与盐酸发生氧化还原反应生成有毒的氯气，污染空气，所以氧化浸出时选用过氧化氢做氧化剂，不选用氯酸钠；“氧化浸出”时生成了难溶的4FePO ，该反应的离子方程式为422422LiFePO H O 2H 2Li 2FePO 2H O ++++=++.（4）由于23Li CO 在水中的溶解度随温度升高而降低，因此“一系列操作”具体包括趁热过滤、热水洗涤、干燥.（5）()4sp 23Li CO 8.410K -=⨯，“沉锂”结束时溶液中()23CO c -为12.1mol L-⋅，则()21Li2.010mol L c +--==⨯⋅，若所得浸出液中()1Li 2.0mol L c +-=⋅，则锂的沉降率为2112.010mol L 1100%99%2.0mol L---⨯⋅-⨯=⋅.（6）由图可知，Li 原子位于顶点，个数为11441126⨯+⨯=，C 原子位于面上和体内，个数为18262⨯+=，则化学式为6LiC ；该晶体中最近的两个碳原子核间距离为pm a ，则底边边长为3pm a ，石，墨烯层间距离为pm b ，又底边为平行四边形，顶角为60°，设晶胞的密度为3g /cm ρ，晶胞质量为A7126g N +⨯，晶胞体积为2303(3)10cm 2a b -⨯⨯⨯，结合密度公式m V ρ=，得3/cm ρ=.17.（14分）（1）①+15（2分）②在298K 下，11Δ120.2kJ mol 0G -=+⋅>，方法a 不自发；12Δ104.2kJ mol 0G -=-⋅<，方法b 自发，则在298K 下方法b 更有利（2分）（2）250℃、5310Pa ⨯（或280℃、5510Pa ⨯）（2分）BC （2分）108（2分）（3）①132v v v >>（2分）②***32CH CH H =+（或****32CH H CH 2H +=+）（2分）【解析】（1）①反应()()()()322221CH CH OH g O g 3H g 2CO g Δ2H ++= 生成物的总能量-反应物的总能量()111110kJ mol 2235kJ mol 15kJ mol---=-⋅⨯--⋅=+⋅；②在298K 下，11Δ120.2kJ mol0G -=+⋅>，方法a 不自发；12Δ104.2kJ mol0G -=-⋅<，方法b 自发，则在298K 下方法b 更有利.（2）对于反应()()()()2423H g CO g CH g H O g ++ ，设2H 与CO 按物质的量分别为3mol 、1mol ，反应达平衡时，CO 的平衡转化率为653，则平衡时2H 、CO 、4CH 、2H O 的物质的量分别为14153、4753、653、653，则平衡时()4653CH 0.03141476653535353x ==+++.对于反应()()()()2423H g CO g CH g H O g ++ ，升高温度，平衡逆向移动，4CH 的体积分数减小，增大压强，平衡正向移动，4CH 的体积分数增大，则a 曲线表示()4CH x 随压强变化曲线，b 曲线表示()4CH x 随温度变化曲线，所以反应条件可能是：250℃、5310Pa ⨯或280℃、5510Pa ⨯；图2中，B 、C 两点的温度相同，()4CH x 相同，则能表示相同状态下，相同平衡状态的点是BC.210℃时，甲烷水蒸气重整制氢反应为()()()()422CH g H O g 3H g CO g ++ ，在该温度下达平衡，()4CH 0.10x =、()2H O 0.10x =、()2H 0.60x =、()CO 0.20x =，反应的标准平衡常数30.20500kPa 0.60500kPa 100kPa 100kPa 1080.10500kPa 0.10500kPa100kPa 100kPaK θ⨯⨯⎛⎫⨯ ⎪⎝⎭==⨯⨯⨯.（3）①催化剂能够降低反应的活化能，活化能越低，则化学反应速率越大，所以132v v v >>；②活化能最大的过程为反应的决速步骤，由图可知，过渡态为TS2的反应为决速步骤，对应的方程式为***32CH CH H =+或****32CH H CH 2H +=+.18.（15分）（1）加成反应（或还原反应）（2分）（2）322CH OOCCH CH COOH （2分）（3）丁二酸二甲酯（2分）（4）（2分）（5）3232CH NH NH NH OH >>（2分）（6）（2分）（7）（3分）。