【中式英语】什么是平行结构

平行结构是指，一致的观点以一致的形式来表达，是英语中最基本且最有价值的格式

策略。这种结构不仅满足了语序和平衡要求，更重要的是突出了观点之间的联系。

•Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.

•It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that

from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they

gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead

shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of

freedom; and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall

not perish from the earth.

•Where there's a will there's a way.

•Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen

nineteen six, result

happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds ought

and six, result misery.

当句子中两个及两个以上的一致的元素以一致的语法形式表达时，读者能更容易辨别

其逻辑关系。这个法则适用于任何长度或语法种类：

•单词：healthy, wealthy, and wise.

一连三个单独的形容词，都是修饰"man"

•短语：of the people, by the people, and for the people.

三个同样长度的介词短语，都是修饰"government"，通过重复宾语"people"加强

了平行性

•分句：Where there's a will there's a way.

同样模式的独立短分句，通过头韵（will/way）强调了平行性

•句子：Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen nineteen six,

result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure

twenty pounds

ought and six, result misery.

两个句子是差不多的长度，和完全相同的模式，通过同样单词（annual income

twenty pounds, annual expenditure, result）和反义词（happiness/misery）的使用

强调了两者间的平行性

两个或两个以上的句子成分以平行的语法形式向读者呈现了其平行

的意思，其结构上

的相似性呈现了其逻辑上的相似性，便于读者理解。

平行结构的难点

1.句子成分以并列连词连接（"and","or"等）

2.句子成分以所谓的关联连词连接（"both…and","not only…but also"等）

3.以一列或一串标题形式出现的项目（如报告中的副标题）

4.句子成分之间为比较关系