narration的相关讲解

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初中英语试讲逐字稿

初中英语试讲逐字稿——写作课I.记叙文narration六要素：when, where, who, what, why, how发展顺序：develop by time, develop by space设计思路：①引导学生发现结构（共有几部分）②学生回答表达观点③教师总结讲解记叙文模板①Structure: how many elements/parts are there?②找学生回答6 elements/parts.③The first one is when, it’s about the time. The second is where, it’s about location. The third one is who, it’s about the main character. Then is what, the events. And why, the reason. The last one is how. So, all together six parts. This is the structure.可根据具体内容调整。

II.议论文argumentation基础版•论点：point of view, argument, idea.• 论据：evidence, supporting ideas, reasons.•总结观点：conclusion设计思路：①引导学生发现结构（共有几部分）②学生回答表达观点③教师总结讲解议论文模板①Structure: how many elements/parts are there?②找学生回答3 elements/parts.③The first part is topic of discussion. The second part is your point of view, and the writer will list many detailed information to support his view here. The third part is conclusion. The writer will present his/her ideas again. So, all together three parts.可根据具体内容调整III. 应用文Practical writing书信-letter•称呼：Salutation•正文：Body•敬语：Complimentary Close/Wishes•签名：Signature设计思路：①引导学生发现结构（共有几部分）②学生回答表达观点③教师总结讲解书信模板①Structure: how many elements/parts are there?②找学生回答elements/parts.③The first part is salutation. It’s about the person you write to. And the second part is the body of the letter. You can write whatever you want to say. For example, you can write something about ... When you finish writing, you should add complementary close. For example, ‘Best wishes’, ‘Yours’, ‘Sincerely’ and so on. This is the third part. And at last, signature. That’s your name.可根据具体内容调整通知-notice1.标题：首字母大写（NOTICE 或者Notice）2.正文：主体部分，时间地点、事情内容、通知对象要求等,（精炼、明确）3.署名：靠右对齐，署名个人或者单位4.日期：通常可放右下角。

Narration写作技巧教学提纲

Narratioarration:
Definition: To narrate is to give an account of event or a
series of events. In its broadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary, biographies, histories, news item, and narrative poems.
No matter what your purpose is, you should make sure that the total effect of this narrative, or the final impression it leaves on the reader, is in agreement with his purpose. (what?)
Only relevant details, or things that contribute to bringing out the main ideas of narrative, are useful and effective. (typical events and examples, muffled mutterings, infuriated utterances, and dialogue)
Finally, they arrived at the coral cliff珊瑚崖 near the south of Sanya Bay. Facing towards the vast South Chian Sea, the deer had no way out. Just at this moment, when A Hei was going to shoot, all of a sudden, the deer turned around, and became a beautiful lady. She came towards A Hei, and then they got married. This deer lady invited her deer brothers and defeated the brutal lord.

3.Narration

Sequence or order
Use the conventions found in any story:
• a plot • the characters • a climax • an ending
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Be sure to include the following information: • why (the plot is important) • who (the characters are) • where (it happened, is happening, will happen) • when (it happened, is happening, will happen) Use flashback to make a narrative interesting.
III. Five Aspects of Narration
• Context (背景) 记叙文的背景包括事件发生的时间、地点、人物等要素，这些需要在文章的开头交代清楚，从而为事件的发展提供一个背景环境，帮助读者更好地理解事件的进程。
Elements of the Context
• Plot – the arrangement/flow of incidents or events in a story • Character – maybe a person, a group or even animal (who act or think like people) who is/are placed in a situation which contains a problem he/she must solve. • Conflict – the problem in the story which the protagonist should resolve.

英语写作Lecture6Narration

The plot should be wellstructured, with a clear beginning, middle, and end. It should also have a central conflict that propels the story forward.
Plot development requires skillful handling of events and their impact on the characters. Use techniques like flashbacks, foreshadowing, and parallel storylines to enhance the narrative's complexity and intrigue.
Importance
Well-developed characters and settings are essential for creating empathy and engagement with the reader. They add depth and realism to the narrative.
Good narrative writing skills are essential for effective communication in various contexts, including personal essays, fiction writing, and professional reports.
The course will consist of lectures, workshops, and assignments to provide students with a well-rounded learning experience.

Narration 记叙文的写作要点

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2. Plot 情节
the sequence of events that take place in a story
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3 Characterization 人物的刻画
• The methods used to present the personality of a character in a narrative .
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Thank You!
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Step3.Seletion of details
• A narrative is made up of details
• Providing enough and only relevant details or things that contribute the bringing out the main of the narrative
Narration
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English Writing Styles
narration叙述文
description描写文
exposition说明文
argumentation议论文
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What is narration ?
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To narrate is to give an account of what happened or is happening.
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6 Point of View 视角
• Who is narrating the story
• Two main types
• First person---the narrator use “I” to tell the action ,and is involved in the story

英语写作之Narration

Narration1.What is narration1.1 definitionTo narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In other words, a narrative recreates an event or gives a sense of it by helping the audience visualize that event.1.2classification2.Strategies for using narration2.1 Include the key elements of narrationIn order to make a narrative easier to follow, you should often take the following elements into consideration:1) a setting, or some background information2) a goal, or the ultimate purpose of the writing3)an initiating event4)simple reaction5)an attempt6)an outcome7)the endingIn some cases, some of them may be absent. In any sense, a narrative should at least contain a setting, a theme, a plot, and an ending.Eg.It happened that a fox was ambling(溜达) along a country lane when he spied a bunch of ripe grapes hanging from a vine（葡萄树）high above his head. Hungry as he was, the fox determined to have those grapes for his dinner. He stood tall on his hind legs, but could not reach the grapes. He leapt high in the air, but missed the grapes and fell painfully onto his back. He was too sore to make a further attempt at the grapes, so he sighed and turned away down the road. “Well,” he said to himself. “The grapes were probably sour anyway.”2.2 Select significant details for narrationSix Ws: Who? What? When? Where? How? Why?◇In selecting significant details, you should avoid those details which are not pertinent to the above six questions.◇For different subjects and different purposes, you can lay different amount of emphasis on each aspect. Sometimes one or two of the six Ws can even be omitted.Eg.I was standing right across the road there by my car getting ready to change a flat tire when I heard the train coming. Just as the engine reached the crossing, there was a loud grinding sound. And the noise did not stop either, the way it would in a car wreck; it kept going on, thundering and crashing. All of a sudden, the coal cars started to jackknife, falling off the tracks like toys, with coal pouring out all over the ground. Coal dust and dirt were flying everywhere. Then, in a minute or two, everything was still; the only thing moving was the coal, sliding out of the car in piles. I just stood there and watched. It was like something you’d see in the movies.2.3Determine a purpose2.4Choose a point of viewWhat are the advantages and limitations of the first person?2.5 Use dialogues cautiously1)Where it is possible, avoid unnecessary repetition of the speakers’ namesor unnecessary description of the way they speak, so far as the reader can make out who is talking and who will follow in turn.A tiresome dialogue:“ I see you in the corner,” whispered Baker softly.“ How did you find me?” inquired Charles curiously.“ I smelled the pipe you’ve been smoking,” purred Baker evilly.“Oh!” exclaimed Charles alarmedly.2)Present dialogues in a simple and brief way. Don’t overload your writing with lengthy dialogues that have vague or little bearing on the point you want to make. Don’t extend dialogues in such a way as to turn the narrative into a play. Eg.I’ll not forget my first---and last---meeting with that old T exan. He came striding down the line I had just surveyed on his property（地产），pulling up my line stakes（线路桩）and tossing（猛举）them over his shoulder as he came. When he got up to my surveying truck, he wasn’t even out of breath:“ Get off my land.”“OK. I will----in just a minute. If you’ll just---”“Get off now.”“Y es, sir, right now, just like you say.”And I did leave, as fast as possible.3.How to organize a narrative essay3.1 how to introduce a narrative essayIn narrative introductions, the best plan is to hint at your main point, preparing your reader psychologically for what is to come.1)The most obvious way is to give background the reader will need tounderstand the story.Eg.After several months’jail in my university, I was so mentally tired that I embarked on a trip to Shanghai on the very first day of the summer vacation in 1997. Though I did not expect much from that trip except freedom, it finally turned out to be my most unforgettable trip just because of a girl.2)Another way to begin a narrative is to go directly into the story itself.3.2How to develop the body of a narrative essayEpisodeChronological orderFlashback3.3how to end a narrative essayA frequently used way to end a narrative is to further point out the significance of the event.Eg.That incident happened more than fifteen years ago. My parents and my sister might have forgotten it by now. But Father’s words are still ringing in my ears.Another way to end a narrative is to have the significance implied and leave it to the reader to make it out.A SampleIf OnlyPaul MonahanHaving worked at a 7-Eleven store for two years, I thought I had become successful at what our manager called “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a friendly smile and an automatic “sir”, “ma’am”, and “thank you” would see me through any situation that might arise, from soothing impatient or unpleasant people to apologizing for giving out the wrong change. But the other night an old woman shattered my belief that a glib（口齿伶俐的）response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with othe human beings.The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were painful, she slowly pushed open the glass door and hobbled（步履蹒跚）down the nearest aisle（走廊）. She coughed dryly, wheezing（困难地呼吸）with each breath. On a forty-degree night, she was wearing only a faded print dress, a thin, light-beige sweater too small to button, and black vinyl（乙烯基）slippers with the backs cut out to expose calloused（起老茧的）heels. There were no stockings or socks on her splotchy（脏兮兮的）, blue-veined legs.After strolling around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up some corn niblets and stared with a strange intensity at the label. At that point, I decided to be a good, courteous employee and asked her if she needed help. As I stood close to her, my smile became harder to maintain; her red-rimmed eyes were patially closed by yellowish crusts（硬皮）；her hands were covered with layer upon layer of grime（尘垢）, and the stale smell of sweat rose in a thick vaporous cloud from her clothes.“I need some food,”she muttered in reply to my bright “Can I help you?”“Are you looking for corn, ma’am?”“I need some food,” she repeated. “Any kind.”“Well, the corn’s night-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice. “Or, if you like, we have a special on bologna（大腊肠）today.”“I can’t pay,” she said.For a second, I was tempted to say, “T ake the corn.” But the employee rules flooded into my mind: Remain polite, but do not let customers get the best of you. Let them know you are in control. For a moment, I even entertained the idea that this was some sort of test, and that this woman was someone from the head office, testing my loyalty. I responded dutifully, “I’m sorry, ma’am, but I can’t give away anything for free.”The old woman’s face collapsed a bit more, if that were possible, and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She shuffled（慢慢吞吞地走）past me toward the door, her torn and duty clothing barely covering her bent back.Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of my shift, the image of the woman haunted me. I had been young, healthy, and smug. She had been old, sick, and desperate. Whishing with all my heart that I had acted like a human being rather than a robot, I was saddened to realize how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts.。

Narration

Research is a systematic process of inquiry consisting of three elements:
i) a question, problem, or hypothesis, ii) data iii) analysis and interpretation of data.
What is the “point of view”?
• Narrative essays are generally written in the first person, that is, using "I.“
• However, third person ("he," "she," or "it“, “they”) can also be used.
narration
Fiction: includes novels, plays and
short stories
Non-Fiction: bibliographies ,
autobiographies, feature stories and travel articles
15 - 3
A good story answers :
What is the tense?
❖For most personal experience essays, use simple past or past continuous tense.
❖If something happened previous to the personal experience, use past perfect.
15 - 11
Elements of Narrative Writing

英语写作Narration

Purpose (目的)
记叙文不是单纯地流水账式的记叙，必须有一定的写作目的。可以是证明某种理论，例举某种概念，赞扬某种美德或是批评某种恶行。所以，在细节的选取和情节的设计上都必须紧紧围绕这一写作目的。
Ⅲ. How to Write a Narration
Prewriting
Draw an outline: (1) The time and place of occurrence of the instance and the people who
Drafting
At this stage you are expected to be ready to put what is in your mind concerning the instance into written words.
Make feasible plan for composing your narrative piece.
1. 记叙文又称记事文或叙述文，是按照时间顺序叙述人物的经历和事情的产生、发展和变化过程的文章。记叙文主要的叙事方式有顺叙、倒叙、插叙和夹叙夹议。
2. 顺叙（in sequence of time）通常是按事情发生的先后顺序进行叙述；倒叙(flashback)把结局提到前面叙述，然后再按时间的顺序进行叙述；插叙(narration interspersed with flashbacks)是在叙述过程中，由于某种需要，暂时把叙述的线索中断，插入与之相关的另外一件事；夹叙夹议 (narration interspersed with comments)是一面叙述事情，一面对这种事情加以分析或评论。
Houston教授为该短文代拟了如下主题句：

Narration (叙述文) vs Description (描述文)

例如：過去：I lived inEnglandtwo years ago.
現在：Nowadays I live inHong Kong.
未來：I shall live inAmericanext year.
(a) Marywalkeddowntownyesterday.
(b) Isleptfor eight hours last night.
簡單過去式用以描述活動或狀態在過去時間內開始並結束。(如昨天、昨晚、兩天前、1999年時)
(c) Bobstayedhome yesterday morning.
(d) Our planearrivedon time last night.
大多數簡單過去式的形式是在字尾加-ed，
如例(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)。
Narration (敘述文) vs Description (描述文)
發展技巧：
(1)敘述文：採「第一人稱」觀點,作者本身融入其中一角色。
(2)描述文：採「第三人稱」觀點,作者為圖中主角命名，以第三表示某動作或狀態是在過去、現在還是未來發生，除了可用動詞以外的其他詞表示外，動詞本身亦要用不同的形態來表示。
(e) Iatebreakfast this morning.
(f) Suetooka taxi to the airport yesterday.
有些動詞的過去式為不規則變化，如例(b)、(e)、(f)。
(g) Iwasbusy yesterday.
(h) Theywereat home last night.
Be動詞的簡單過去式式was與were。
Useful Words and phrases

Narration

NARRATION writing skill (1)1. What is narration?Narration means telling a single story or several related stories. The story can be a means to an end, a way to support a main idea or thesis.Narration is powerful. Every public speaker, from politician to classroom teacher, knows that stories capture the attention of listeners as nothing else can. We want to know what happened to others, not simply because we're curious, but also because their experiences shed light on our own lives. Narration lends force to opinion, triggers the flow of memory, and evokes places, times, and people in ways that are compelling and affecting.2. How narration fits your purpose and audience;Narration can also appear in essays, sometimes as a supplemental pattern of development.In addition to providing effective support in one section of your paper, narration can also serve as an essay's dominant pattern of development. In fact, we can use a single extended narrative to convey a central point and share with readers your view of what happened.Although some narratives relate unusual experiences, most tread familiar ground, telling tales of joy, love, loss, frustration, fear--- all common emotions experienced during life. Narratives can take the ordinary and transmute it into something significant, even extraordinary. As Willa Cather, the American novelist wrote: “There are only two or three human stories and they go on repeating themselves as fiercely as if they had never happened before." The challenge lies in applying your own vision to tale, thereby making it unique.3. Prewriting strategies for narration;•What event evokes strong emotion in you and is likely to have a powerful effect on your readers?•Does your journal suggest any promising subjects?•Does anything point to an event worth writing about?•Will you focus on a personal experience, an incident in someone else's life, or a public event?•If you write about an event in someone else's life, will you have time to interview the person?•What is the source of tension in the event: one person's internal dilemma, a conflict between characters, or a struggle between a character and a socialinstitution or natural phenomenon?•Will the conflict create enough tension to "hook" readers and keep them interested?•What tone is appropriate for recounting the conflict?4. Strategies for using narration in an essay;a. Identify the point of the narrative conflict;•Most narratives center on a conflict.•When you relate a story, it's up to you to convey the significance or meaning of the event's conflict.•When recounting your narrative, be sure readers are clear about your narrative point, or thesis.b. Develop only those details that advance the narrative point;Nothing is more boring than a storyteller who gets sidetracked and drags out a story with nonessential details. When telling a story, you maintain an effective narrative pace by focusing on your point and eliminating any details that don't support it. A good narrative depends not only on what is included, but also on what has been left out. •Having a clear sense of your narrative point and knowing your audience are crucial.•How do you determine which specifics to omit, which to treat briefly, and which to emphasize?•You can't lead away from the point so you should leave out some details.•You also need to keep your audience in mind when selecting narrative details.•Is this detail or character of conversation essential? Does my audience need this detail to understand the conflict in the situation? Does this detail advance orintensify the narrative action?•You should feel free to add or reshape details to suit your narrative point.c. Organize the narrative sequence;Every narrative begins somewhere, presents a span of time, and ends at a certain point. Frequently, you will want to use a straightforward time order, following the event chronologically from beginning to end.But sometimes a strict chronological recounting may not be effective -- especially if the high point of the narrative gets lost somewhere in the middle of the time sequence. To avoid that possibility, you may want to disrupt chronology, plunge the reader into the middle of the story, and then return in a flashback to the tale's beginning.Narratives can also use flashforward -- you give readers a glimpse of the future before the story continues in the present. these techniques shift the story onto severalplanes and keep it from becoming a step-by-step, predictable account.Whether or not you choose to include flashbacks or flash-forwards in an essay, remember to limit the time span covered by the narrative. Otherwise, you'll have trouble generating the details needed to give the story depth and meaning. Also regardless of the time sequence you select, organize the tale so it drives toward a strong finish. Be careful that your story doesn't trail off minor, anticlimactic details.d. Make the narrative easy to follow.Describing each distinct action in a separate paragraph helps readers grasp the flow of events. Although narrative essays don't always have conventional topic sentences, each narrative paragraph should have a clear focus. Often this focus is indicated by a sentence early in the paragraph that directs attention to the action taking place. Such a sentence functions as a kind of informal topic sentence; the rest of the paragraph then develops that topic sentence. You should also be sure to use time signals when narrating a story.e. Make the narrative vigorous and immediate;A compelling narrative provides an abundance of specific details, making readers feel as if they're experiencing the story being told. Readers must be able to see, hear, touch, smell, and taste the event you're narrating. Vivid sensory description is, therefore, an essential part of an effective native. Not only do specific sensory details make writing a pleasure to read -- we all enjoy learning the particulars about people, places, and things -- but they also give the narrative the stamp of reality. The specifics convince the reader the event being described actually did, or could, occur.Another way to create narrative immediacy is to use dialogue while telling a story. Our sense of other people comes, in part, from what they say and the way they sound. Conversational exchanges allow the reader to experience characters directly. The challenge in writing dialogue is to make each character'sspeech distinctive and convincing.Another way to enliven narratives is to use varied sentence structure. Sentences that plod along with the same predictable pattern put readers to sleep. Experiment with your sentences by varying their length and type; mix long and short sentences, simple and complex.Finally, vigorous verbs lend energy to narratives. Use active verb forms rather than passive ones, and try to replace anemic to be verbs with dynamic constructions.f. Keep your point of view and verb tense consistent;If you, as narrator, tell a story as you experienced it, the story is written in thefirst-person point of view. But if you observed the event and want to tell how someone else experienced the incident, you would use the third-person point of view. Each point of view has advantages and limitations. The first person allows you to express ordinarily private thoughts and to re-create an event as you actually experienced it. This point ofview is limited, though, in its ability to depict the inner thoughts of other people involved in the event. By way of contrast, the third person makes it easier to provide insight into the thoughts of all the participants. However, its objective, broad perspective may undercut some of the subjective immediacy typical of the "I was there" point of view.Knowing whether to use the past or present tense is important. In most narration, the past tense predominates, enabling the writer to span a considerable period of time. Although more rarely used, the present tense can be powerful for events of short duration.A narrative in the present tense prolongs each moments, intensifying the reader's sense of participation. Be careful, though, unless the event is intense and fast paced, the present tense can seem contrived. Whichever tense you choose, avoid shifting midstream --- starting, let's say, in the past tense and switching to present.Two readingsThe Movie HouseIt was two blocks from my home; I began to go alone from the age of six. My mother, so strict about my kissing girls, was strangely indulgent about this. The theatre ran three shows a week, for two days each, and was closed on Sundays. Many weeks I went three times. I remember a summer evening in our yard. Supper is over; the walnut tree throws a heavy shadow. The fireflies are not out yet. My father is off, my mother and her parents are turning the earth in our garden. Some burning sticks and paper on our ash heap fill the damp air with low smoke; I express a wish to go to the movies, expecting to be told no. instead, my mother tells me to go into the house and clean up; I come into the yard again in clean shorts, the shadows slightly heavier, the dew a little wetter; the dime and the penny in my hand. I always ran to the movies. If it was not a movie with Adolphe Menjou, it was a horror picture. People turning into cats—fingers going stubby into paws and hair being blurred in with double exposure—and Egyptian tombs and English houses where doors creak and wind disturbs the curtains and dogs refuse to go into certain rooms because they sense something supersensory. I used to crouch down into the seat and hold my coat in front of my face when I sensed a frightening scene coming, peeking through the buttonhole to find out when it was over. Through the buttonhole Frankenstein’s monster glowered; lightning flashed; sweat poured over the bolts that held his face together. On the way home, I ran again, in terror now. Darkness had come; the first show was from seven to nine, buy nine even the longest summer day was ending. Each porch along the street seemed to be a tomb crammed with shadows; each shrub seemed to shelter a grasping arm. I ran with a frantic high step, trying to keep my ankles away from the reaching hands. The last and worst terror was our own porch; low brick walls on either side concealed possible cat people. Leaping high, I launched myself at the door and, if no one was in the front of the house, fled through suffocating halls past gaping doorways to the kitchen, where there was always someone working, and a light bulb burning. The icebox. The rickety worn table, oilcloth-covered, where we ate. The windows solid black and fortified by the interior brightness. But even then I kept my legs away from the dark space beneath the table.Questions:1 .Is the main idea of the paragraph directly stated? If so, in which sentence(s)? If not,state the main idea in a sentence of your own.2. What is the point of view in the narrative? Could another point of view be used? Using the first two sentences of the paragraph as an example, explain how you could change the point of view?3. In what ways is this paragraph subjective? In what ways is it objective?Learning to WriteRussell BakerWhen our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English, I anticipated another grim year in that dreariest of subjects. Mr. Fleagle was notorious among City students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to stuffy, dull, and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and prim to a fault. He wore primly severe eyeglasses; his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prom vested suits with neckties blocked primly against the collar buttons of his primly starched white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique.I anticipated a listless, unfruitful year with Mr. FleagleAnd for a long time was not disappointed. We read Mecbeth. Mr. Fleagle loved Mecbeth and wanted us to love it too, but he lacked the gift of infecting others with his own passion. He tried to convey the murderous ferocity of Lady Mecbeth one day by reading aloud the passage that concludes…I have given suck, and knowHow tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks meI would, while it was smiling in my face,Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums….The idea of prim Mr. Fleagle plucking his nipple from boneless gums was too much for the class. We burst into gasps of irrepressible snickering. Mr. Fleagle stopped.“There is nothing funny, about giving suck to a babe. It is the—the very essence of motherhood, don’t you see.”He constantly sprinkled his sentences with “don’t you see.” It wasn’t a question but exclamation of mild surprise at our ignorance. “Your pronoun needs an antecedent, don’t you see,’ he would say, very primly. “The purpose of the Porter’s scene, boys, is to provide comic relief from the horror, don’t you see.”Later in the year we tackled the informal essay. “The essay, don’t you see, is the…” my mind went numb. Of all forms of writing, none seemed so boring as the essay. Naturally we would have to write informal essays. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simpleminded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull. I took the list home and dawdled until the night before the essay was due. Sprawled on the sofa, I finally faced up to the grim task, took the list out my notebook, and scanned it. The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.”This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Surging up out of the depths of memory came a vivid recollection of a night in Belleville when all of us wereseated around the supper table—Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal—and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Spaghetti was an exotic treat in those days. Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. All the good humor of Uncle Allen’s house reawoke in my mind as I recalled the laughing arguments we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth.Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment to relive the pleasure of an evening at New Street. To write it as I wanted, however, would violate all the rules of formal composition I’d learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself.When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my private reminiscence of Belleville. Two days padded before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone’s but mine. I was bracing myself for a command to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and rap for the class’s attention.“Now, boys,”he said, “I want to read you an essay. This is titled ‘the Art of Eating Spaghetti.’”And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. What’s more, the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with openhearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to repress a small prime smile.I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure ecstasy at this startling demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, “Now that, boys, is an essay, don’t you see. It’s –don’t you see—it’s of the very essence of the essay, don’t you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker.”Questions:1. What is the main idea of the essay?2. What order does the writer use in describing the incidents in his narrative?3. Is the essay written objectively or subjectively? Cite examples from the essay to help explain your answer?。

Narration 记叙文的写作要点PPT课件

the character is like based on what
they say or do , or what other
characters say about them.
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2020/1/1
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4 Atmosphere 气氛
The general mood or feeling established in a piece of literature.
Atmosphere is created through word choice and pacing .
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5 Conflict
• the central problem that drives the action of a story .
• Two main types • Internal ---the conflict happens in a
Narratio n
1
narration叙述文 description描写文 exposition说明文 argumentation议论文
2
What is narration ?
3
To narrate is to give an account of what happened or is Ahtaiptspesniminpgl.est, narration is the telling of a story, which involves characters and ongoing actions.
• When • Where • Who • Provide the reader with context
to help him the whole narrative

英文写作课件第五讲narration

The
meaning of a narrative, like the point of a joke, is best left to the reader, for a wellwritten narrative clearly implies its meaning. The writer's task, especially in brief narration, is to concentrate upon the story itself. If he knows to begin with why the story is important and if he has selected and arranged its details accordingly, he will communicate its meaning.

However, such literary refinements are beyond the usual needs of the composition student. Here we are concerned with a simpler type of narration, which restricts itself to action and does not probe deeply into the motives of the actors. Such narrative writing is often adapted to the needs of exposition. The historian must frequently relate stories, and the essayist depends upon narration to develop illustrations and anecdotes.

unit 10 narration

记叙文（narration）
• 人称 • 记叙某个人物的经历、活动或某件事情的经过离不开叙述的主体，即 “人称”。记叙文中的人称大多采用第一人称或第三人称的形式。第一人称的叙述主观色彩较浓，可以增强文章的真实感，有利于表述细腻的情感和细节的过程；第三人称的叙述可以超越时空的限制，更加真实、客观地表述某一人物活动或事件的全过程。
写作分类
记叙文（narration）
描写文（description）
说明文（exposition）议论文（argumentation）
记叙文和描写文在考试中出现的频率很低，几乎不做直接考察。
记叙文（narration）
记叙文，又称记事文或叙述文，是按照时间顺序叙述人物的经历和事情的产生、发展和变化过程的文章。实际上，记叙文就是讲故事，而且往往是让人在听完或读完故事后有所思考，这就是记叙文的写作目的（可能是隐含的也可能是外显的）。范围：故事、游记、通讯、新闻报道、历史、人物传记、日记和回忆录等
记叙文（narration）
• • 记叙文主要的叙事方式有顺叙、倒叙、插叙和夹叙夹议。顺叙（in sequence of time）通常是按事情发生的先后顺序进行叙述；倒叙（flashback）则把事件的结局提到前面叙述，然后再按时间的进展顺序进行叙述；插叙（narration interspersed with flashbacks）是在叙述过程中，由于某种需要，暂时把叙述的线索中断，插入与之相关的另外一件事；夹叙夹议（narration interspersed with comments）是一面叙述事情，一面对这件事情加以分析或评论。
记叙文（narration）
• 措辞与表达 • 在各种作文体裁中，记叙文需要应试者具有更全面的语言技能与篇章组织能力考试中常见的议论文和说明文分别要求语言的准确性和论证的合理性、可信性；而记叙文的语言则以生动、真实、贴切为准则。同一个记叙文题目，不同的人会描述不同的人物经历或事件，又很少有固定的表达或句式可供参考，这时作者的综合语言水平就会表现出来，对能否取得高分起到了相当重要的作用。这就要求考生平时要多注意语言的磨练和积累。

narration

• 在这段短文中,作者仅仅围绕contrast, 叙述了Nobel生活及其性格中各种矛盾的方面,突出了他不求名利,但求贡献的美德,正是这些看似对立的方面非常完整地刻画出了Nobel 的为人.
• 下面是一篇叙述Einstein的某件轶事的文章: • At one time Einstein traveled all over the United States giving lectures. He traveled by car, and soon became quite friendly with the driver. • The driver always listened to Einstein‟s lecture, which the great scientist gave again and again. One day, he told Einstein that he knew the lecture so well that he was sure he could give it himself. Einstein smiled and said, : Why don‟t you give the lecture for me next time? The driver agreed. • That evening both of them went along to the lecture hall. Nobody there had seen Einstein before. As the driver took his place on the stage everybody clapped. Then he began the lecture. Sure enough, he didn‟t make a single mistake. It was a great success, and when he started to leave, shaking hands with everybody, while Einstein followed quietly a few steps behind. • Just before they got to the door, a man stopped them and asked the driver a very difficult question. The driver listened carefully. Of course, he did not understand a thing, but he nodded his head as if he did. When the man stopped talking, the driver said that he thought the question was very interesting but really simple. In fact, in order to show how simple it was, he would asked his driver t人、叙事. 叙述就是把事件发生、发展过程和人物的经历、事迹等介绍出来。以记人为主的记叙文，人物作为主要记叙的对象。它可以叙述人物的经历，也可结合适当的描写叙述人物的性格。以记事为主的叙述文，事件的发生、发展和结果是叙述的主要对象。当然，任何事情的发展都离不开人，所以在以叙事为主的文章中要把握好叙事和记人之间的关系。下面我们分别通过记人叙事的范文来分析它们各自的特点：

narrative的名词和动词

narrative的名词和动词名词：narrative动词：narratenarrative的意思是一个连续发展的事件、故事或情节；narrate 的意思是讲述或描述连续发展的事件、故事或情节。

1. She told a fascinating narrative about her adventures in the jungle.她讲述了一个关于她在丛林中冒险的迷人故事。

2. I love to listen to her narrate her experiences while traveling the world.我喜欢听她讲述她在世界各地旅行的经历。

3. The book is a first-person narrative told from the perspective of the main character.这本书是以第一人称讲述的，从主角的角度讲述。

4. He has a talent for narrative and always keeps his audience engaged.他有叙事的天赋，总是能让他的听众投入其中。

5. The documentary narrates the history of the ancient civilization in a captivating way.这部纪录片以一种迷人的方式讲述了古代文明的历史。

6. The narrative of the movie was compelling and kept me on the edge of my seat.电影的叙事非常吸引人，让我提心吊胆。

7. The novel is written in a narrative style that draws the reader in from the first page.这本小说以一种叙事风格写成，从第一页就吸引了读者。

narra词根词缀

narra词根词缀
"narr"是一个拉丁语词根，意思是"讲述"或"说"。

它常用于构
成与讲述、说话或叙述相关的单词。

例如，"narrative"就是由这个
词根构成的，意思是"叙述的"或"叙事的"。

另外，"narrator"是指"
讲述者"或"叙述者"，而"narration"则表示"叙述"或"讲述"的行为。

这些词都是由"narr"这个词根构成的，它们都与讲述或叙述相关。

这个词根在构成英语单词时非常常见，因此了解它可以帮助我们更
好地理解许多与讲述和叙述有关的词汇。

英语文体类型

英语文体类型一，记叙文（narration）1.含义①记叙文→记人叙事+写景状物②一般具有的六要素：时间（time）、地点（place）、人物（character）、事件（event）、原因（cause）和结果（outcome）2.结构①顺叙型→按时间发生的先后顺序“开端→发展→高潮→结局”★使人物、事件的叙述更清晰★时空层次性较强②倒叙型→先写结局或发展过程中的某一重要内容，后写事件经过★产生悬念，吸引读者③合叙型→顺叙+倒叙在顺叙某事的过程中，插入另一件事的叙述，再回到原来的事件上。

3.写作应用小说+非小说体(回忆录、游记、日记)①引言(introduction)背景（setting）=时间、地点、人物等②正文(body)→冲突+情节发展+高潮◆冲突→两种不同思想或力量的矛盾、纠葛、撞击或对抗，它不但存在于不同人物、不同性格之间，而且存在于同一个人物的内心世界里。

三种类型的冲突：不同人物之间的冲突，人与环境之间的冲突，个人心灵深处不同思想的冲突◆情节的内容由人物性格的矛盾和冲突构成。

情节常常表现为一系列故事，可以说，凡情节都包含某种故事或故事性。

◆高潮→情节发展到达顶点矛盾双方已剑拔弩张，斗争达到白热化程度。

人物命运即将决定，主题思想得到集中表现。

③结尾（conclusion）故事的结局→矛盾冲突的最后解决、人物命运的最后归宿一个好的结尾往往能提供一个完满的答案，或答案已明确，却留下一些令人深省、回味的东西。

二. 描写文（description）1.含义对客观世界加以艺术和主观的描绘。

它把对某一物体、人物、地方或景色的印象和了解细腻地表达出来，在读者面前再现它们的形象。

2.特点具体性、生动性和创造性描写的细节要能表达主题3.描写顺序空间位置顺序、时间顺序，一般到特殊或特殊到一般顺序，递升到递降或递降到递升顺序4.写作应用①人物描写（description of a person）对人物形象外部特征进行描绘，刻画人物性格特征，表现人物精神面貌，披露人物内心活动，揭示人物身份境遇，显示人物性格变化，突出作品主题思想。