中南大学《英语(下)》在线考试答案

一. 未知题型（共34题,共70分）1. Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo (单独的) space flights were given plentyof work to keep them (1). They were also in constant communication with people on the earth. (2), being with people from whom youcannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine (潜水艇) voyages. It will also happen on(3) space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions? Some scientists have studied the reactions of men to one another during long submarine voyages. They have found that the longer thevoyage lasts, the more serious the problem of (4) is. When men are (5) together for a long period, they begin to feel uneasy. Everyonehas little habits of speaking and behaving that are ordinarily acceptable. In the limited space over a long period of time, however,these little habits may become very (6).Apparently, although no one wants to be (7) all the time, everyone needs some degree of privacy. When people are enclosed together,they are in what is called a stress situation. That means that they are under an unusual amount of (8) or stress.People who are well-adjusted are able to (9) stress situations better than others. That is one reason why so much care is taken in (10)our astronauts. These men undergo a long period of testing and training. One of the things tested is their behavior under stress. （20分）(1) 1 （2分）A.tiredB.asleepC.consciousD.busy★标准答案：D(2) 2 （2分）A.So farB.after allC.HoweverD.Therefore★标准答案：C(3) 3 （2分）A.longB.fastC.dangerousD.direct★标准答案：A(4) 4 （2分）A.fuelB.entertainmentC.adjustmentD.health★标准答案：C(5) 5 （2分）A.shut upB.held upC.brought upD.picked up★标准答案：A(6) 6 （2分）A.pleasingB.annoyingmonD.valuable★标准答案：B(7) 7 （2分）A.noisyB.aloneC.personnalD.sociable★标准答案：B(8) 8 （2分）A.emphasisB.conflictC.powerD.pressure★标准答案：D(9) 9 （2分）A.handleB.createC.affectD.investigate★标准答案：A(10) 10 （2分）A.becomingB.choosingC.orderingD.promoting★标准答案：B2. Let go loveThere was once a lonely girl who longed so much for love. One day while she was walking in the woods she found two (1) songbirds (黄莺). She took them home and put them in a small (2). She cared them with love and the birds grew (3). Every morning they greeted herwith a wonderful song. The girl felt great love for the birds.One day the girl left the door to the cage (4). The larger and stronger of the two birds flew from the cage. The girl was sofrightened (5) he would fly away. As he (6) close, she grasped him wildly. Her heart felt glad at her success in capturing (捕捉) him.Suddenly she felt the bird go limp (四肢无力). She opened her hand and stared in (7) at the dead bird. Her desperate (不顾一切的) lovehad killed him.She noticed the other bird moving back and forth on the edge of the cage. She could feel his great need (8) freedom. He needed to soar(高飞) into the clear, blue sky. She lifted him from the cage and tossed (抛) him (9) into the air. The bird circled once, twice, threetimes.The girl watched delightedly (高兴地) at the bird’s enjoyment. Her heart was no longer concerned with her loss. She wanted the bird tobe happy. Suddenly the bird flew closer and landed softly on her shoulder. It sang the sweetest melody (旋律) that she had ever heard.The fastest way to lose love is to hold on it too tight: the best way to (10) love is to give it WINGS! （20分）(1) 1 （2分）A.to starveB.starvedC.starveD.starving★标准答案：D(2) 2 （2分）A.cageB.boxC.basketD.room★标准答案：A(3) 3 （2分）A.bigB.oldC.strongD.fat★标准答案：C(4) 4 （2分）A.emptyB.lockedC.closedD.open★标准答案：D(5) 5 （2分）A.andB.thatC.forD.but★标准答案：B(6) 6 （2分）A.walkedB.ranC.flewD.went★标准答案：C(7) 7 （2分）A.horrorB.delightC.advanceD.surprise★标准答案：A(8) 8 （2分）A.toB.inC.aboutD.for★标准答案：D(9) 9 （2分）A.violentlyB.suddenlyC.freelyD.softly★标准答案：D(10) 10 （2分）A.keepB.getC.gainD.win★标准答案：A3. Richard Gray was a famous explorer. He was also a millionaire. He has visited every country in the world. He had crossed Antarctica(南极洲), flown across the Atlantic by balloon, and climbed Mount Everest. Last year, he decided to walk across Death Valley, thehottest place on Earth. He walked for days over the hot desert sand. One night he found the camp (宿营地) where he had been the nightbefore. Gray had walked in a circle. He was lost.Two days later he had drunk all his water. He couldn’t walk. He crawled to the top of a sand dune (沙丘), and there he saw a man. Theman was wearing smart, clean trousers, a white shirt and a tie. Gray crawled over to him. “Water… water…” he said.“I’m terribly sorry, old boy,” replied the man, “but I haven’t got any water with me.”“Help me!” shouted Gray, “I’m a rich man… a millionaire… I’ll give you anything.”“That’s very nice of you, old boy,” said the man. “Look, I can’t give you any water, but would like to buy my tie?”“A tie? Of course not!” screame d Gray, and crawled away. He crawled slowly up the next sand dune. His mouth was full of sand. Hislips were cracked (破裂) and dry. He couldn’t breathe. He reached the top of the dune and there he saw a huge good hotel. Girls wereswimming in the large swimming pool. Beautiful fountains were all around the hotel.“Is it a mirage(幻景)?”he thought. “Am I dying?”He stood up and staggered down the dune.A waiter in a shining white uniform came out of the door.“Water… water… a bath! Food!” screamed Gray.“I’m sorry, you can’t come into this hotel,” said the waiter.“Why not? I’ve got plenty of money… I’m a millionaire.”“Ah,”replied the waiter, “but you aren’t wearing a tie!”（15分）(1) The famous explorer ________. （3分）A.had crossed the Antarctica and the Atlantic by balloonB.had traveled all over the worldC.had walked across Death ValleyD.had ever been a millionaire★标准答案：B(2) Two days later Richard Gray ________. （3分）A.was lost in a circleB.was drunkC.began to search for water in the desertD.crawled to the top of a sand dune to see a man★标准答案：C(3) Gray saw ________ from the top of the next dune. （3分）A.a large good hoteB.many swimming girlsC.a lot of drinking waterD.a beautiful mirage★标准答案：A(4) At last Richard Gray ________. （3分）A. got some water to drinkB.was not permitted to enter the hotelC.was very sorry for the waiterD.was dying★标准答案：B(5) If Gray ________, he would have got some water to drink in the hotel. （3分）A.had got a lot of money with himB.had put on his tie at onceC.had said he was a famous millionaireD.had bought the tie from the man★标准答案：D4. Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources (人力资源) expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminatethemselves.” He says.“Résumés (简历) arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, Ieliminate the candidate,” Crossley concludes. “If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”Can we pay too much attention to detail? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger theywork toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,”says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University ofCalifornia, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture. If theydon’t, we should drop them and move to something else.”G arfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90percent of the time.” Says Garfield, “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.” Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task weundertake.Too often we believe what accounts for others’success is special secret or a lucky break (机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious.Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow. （15分）(1) According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected ________. （3分）A. because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy or a résuméB.because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a résuméC.because they failed to give detailed description of their background in their applicationsD.because they eliminated their names from the applicants’ list themselves★标准答案：A(2) The word perfectionists (Line 1, Para 3) refers to those who ________. （3分）A.demand others to get everything absolutely rightB.know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstancesC.pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectivesD.are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do★标准答案：C(3) Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader? （3分）A.Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked.B.Don’t forget details when drawing pictures.C.Beware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.D.Careless applicants are not to be trusted.★标准答案：A(4) The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that ________. （3分）A.minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectivesB.failure is the mother of successC.adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any workD. keeping one’s goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked★标准答案：D(5) The best title for this passage would be ________. （3分）A.Don’t Be a PerfectionistB.Importance of AdjustmentsC.Details and Major ObjectivesD.Hard Work Plus Good Luck★标准答案：C二. 单选题（共30题,共30分）1. When (?), the museum will be open to the public next year. （1分）pletedpletingC.being completedD.to be completed★标准答案：A2. But it is important to understand, (?), that literature lives by virtue of the life it embodies. （1分）A.at firstB.to begin withC.in the beginningD.at last★标准答案：B3. I saw him (?) out of the room. （1分）A.goB.had goneC.has goneD.goes★标准答案：A4. In the future, cars will run (?) new, clean fuels and they will go fast. （1分）A.upB.outC.withD.on★标准答案：D5. (?) our friends, we visited the museum. （1分）A.Accompanied inB.Accompanied toC.Accompanied forD.Accompanied by★标准答案：D6. The train was soon out of (?). （1分）A.practiceB.sightC.questionD.place★标准答案：B7. Pass the book (?) me when you’ve finished with it. （1分）A.on toB.toC.onD.for★标准答案：A8. I’ll (?) her secret. （1分）A.find outB.findC.look forD.learn★标准答案：A9. This will become an eternal (?) for them. （1分）A.regretB.loveC.hopeD.despair★标准答案：A10. It does not mean to fight (?), as animals do, but to fight verbally using ideas and arguments. （1分）A.mentallyB.emotionallyC.spirituallyD.physically★标准答案：D11. A great number of adults learn a second language through formal (?). （1分）A.structurecateC.directionD.instruction★标准答案：D12. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions (?) ? （1分）A.makingB.makeC.madeD.to make★标准答案：C13. We’re going to a famous restaurant famous for its fine (?). （1分）A.cuisineB.cousinC.courseD.council★标准答案：A14. One of the chief duties of a teacher is to (?) his students. （1分）A.encourageB.sponsorC.believeD.recognize★标准答案：A15. The house I grew up (?) has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （1分）A.in itB.inC.in thatD.in which★标准答案：B16. James (?) drive too fast. （1分）A.tends toB.is determined toC.deserves toD.is needed to★标准答案：A17. It is complete different to run new-establishing firm than (?) a large organization. （1分）A.admitB.administerC.admireD.admission★标准答案：B18. She (?) towards me more like a friend than a mother. （1分）A.actsB.doesC.conductsD.behaves★标准答案：D19. The house (?) windows are broken is empty. （1分）A.whoB.whichC./D.whose★标准答案：D20. It was (?) he came back from Africa (?) he met the girl he would like to marry. （1分）A.when; thenB.not; untilC.not until; thatD.only; when★标准答案：C21. Content is (?). （1分）A.survivalB.happinessC.chanceD.sorrow★标准答案：B22. Don’t interfere in what doesn’t (?) you. （1分）A.concernB.conquerC.controlD.predict★标准答案：A23. You weren’t boring me. (?), you’re interesting me frightfully. （1分）A.On the contraryB.In contrast toC.In contrast withD.Contrary to★标准答案：A24. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates (?) a fall in death rates as a result ofimprovements in medical care. （1分）A.andB.asC.butD.or★标准答案：B25. She brought with her three friends, none of (?) I had ever met before. （1分）A.themB.whoC.whomD.these★标准答案：C26. I try to (?) a few minutes each day to do some exercises. （1分）A.set inB.set upC.set outD.set aside★标准答案：D27. It is time the organization took some (?) measures to solve the traffic problem. （1分）A.propertyB.propelC.properD.prop★标准答案：C28. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he (?) home. （1分）A.stayedB.could stayC.has stayedD.stay★标准答案：D29. It just takes a few days to (?) some experiments. （1分）A.performB.exploreC.fundD.focus★标准答案：A30. Is this the shop (?) sells children’s clothing? （1分）A.whichB.whereC.in whichD.who★标准答案：A一. 未知题型（共34题,共70分）1. Fifty million public school children in America (1) a new school year. The number is a record high. Yet, at the same time, schoolsystems in many areas are facing budget problems. The (2) economy is not the only cause. Another reason has to do with increased pricesfor food and fuel. They mean (3) costs for school meals and bus transportation.The United States will spend more than five hundred billion dollars (4) public education for the coming school year. The federalgovernment helps (5), but the responsibility for education is mostly on state and local governments.Two major sources of money for public schools are property taxes and sales taxes. A slowdown in consumer spending, the engine of theeconomy, means fewer goods to tax. And the collapse of the housing market means less money to collect in (6) taxes.A report in July from the National Conference of State Legislatures said thirty-one of the fiftystates were having budget problems.And the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (7) school officials in at least eleven states have cut or proposed cuts in education.Florida, for example, has cut school aid by about two percent (8) student. State officials say tax collections are low and lotterysales have fallen by one hundred million dollars. Florida and many other states use money from sales of lottery tickets to help pay foreducation.Around the country, the economic slowdown has added to the numbers of children (9) free or reduced price lunches at school. In otherwords, (10) of the same economic problems that have hit school budgets have also hit family budgets. （20分）(1) 1 （2分）A.is startingB.are startingC.is startedD.are started★标准答案：B(2) 2 （2分）A.weakB.thinC.littleD.strong★标准答案：A(3) 3 （2分）A.lowB.lowerC.highD.higher★标准答案：D(4) 4 （2分）A.inB.withC.onD.for★标准答案：C(5) 5 （2分）A.payB.spendC.costD.expend★标准答案：A(6) 6 （2分）A.prosperousB.prospectC.propertyD.proposal★标准答案：C(7) 7 （2分）A.sayB.saysC.callD.calls★标准答案：B(8) 8 （2分）A.perB.everyC.eachD.often★标准答案：A(9) 9 （2分）A.receivesB.receivingC.to receiveD.received★标准答案：B(10) 10 （2分）A.muchB.fewC.greatD.many★标准答案：D2. A true apology is more than just acknowledgement（承认）of a mistake. It’s recognition that something you’ve said or (1) hasdamaged a relationship and that you care enough about that relationship and want it repaired. It’s never easy to ackn owledge you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need the art of apology. Look back and think how (2) you’vejudged roughly（草率）, said unkind things, pushed yourself (3) at the expense（在使某人受损的情况下）of a friend. Some deep thought inus know that when (4) a small mistake has been made, your feeling will stay out of balance until the mistake is acknowledged and yourregret is (5).I remember a doctor friend, telling me about a man who came to him with (6) illnesses: headache, insomnia（失眠）, stomachaches and soon. No physical cause could be found. Finally the doctor said to the man, “(7) you tell me what’s on your conscience（良心）, I can’t help you.”After a short silence, the man told the doctor that he (8) all the money that his father gave to hisbrother, who was abroad. Hisfather had died, so only he himself knew the matter. The old doctor made the man write to his brother, making an (9) and enclosing（附寄）a check. In the post office, the man dropped the letter into the mail box. As the letter disappeared, the man (10) into tears.“Thank you, doctor, ”he said, “I think I’m all right now.”And he was. （20分）(1) 1 （2分）A.doneB.thoughtC.announcedD.expected★标准答案：A(2) 2 （2分）A.longB.oftenC.muchD.soon★标准答案：B(3) 3 （2分）A.aheadB.awayC.downD.off★标准答案：A(4) 4 （2分）A.stillB.evenC.onlyD.such★标准答案：B(5) 5 （2分）A.shownB.explainedC.offeredD.expressed★标准答案：D(6) 6 （2分）A.strangeB.seriousC.variousD.much★标准答案：C(7) 7 （2分）A.WheneverB.UnlessC.SupposeD.Although★标准答案：B(8) 8 （2分）A.stoleB.acceptedC.seizedD.wasted★标准答案：C(9) 9 （2分）A.orderB.excuseC.agreementD.apology★标准答案：D(10) 10 （2分）A.joyedB.burstughedD.cried★标准答案：B3. The spot at the southwest corner of the house, however, was never going to look nice. Not with that rock protecting weeds and crabgrass to form a scab on the green. I went to the shed and got my shovel. I was going to dig out the rock. I braced myself for what wasto be a long day, perhaps experienced by previous generations who had tried to dislodge the rock.I put on heavy shoes and rolled outmy wheelbarrow. If it took the whole day, that rock was going to come out. Five minutes later the rock was out. It had been about afoot deep and maybe six inches wider than it looked from the top. I pried it loose with a crowbar and hoisted it into the wheelbarrow.I was stunned. That rock had persisted there beyond living memory. Each family had taken it on faith that the previous generation hadtried and failed to remove it. Because the rock had appeared to be large and deep, it was treated as immovable and strong. I have seenpeople do this too—and get others to walk carefully around them and assume a depth of character and knowledge solely from demeanorrather than from actual accomplishment.The rock had earned my respect. I couldn’t just dump it behind the barn. So I wheeled it over to the shed, still within sight of thehouse. It rests there, with vinca growing around it.I still see the rock every day but now as something good in my lit tle landscape. It’s a reminder that each generation ought to findthings out for itself.So it stayed. My children were born, grew up and went away. My father-in-law died. Some time later, my husband died.Now I began to see the yard around me the way a woman sees her house when company comes unexpectedly. I saw a hundred little sorespots. I began to heal them, one at a time. The spot at the southwest corner of the house, however, was never going to look nice. Notwith that rock protecting weeds and crab grass to form a scab on the green. I went to the shed and got my shovel. I was going to digout the rock. I braced myself for what was to be a long day, perhaps experienced by previous generations who had tried to dislodge therock. I put on heavy shoes and rolled out my wheelbarrow. If it took the whole day, that rock was going to come out. Five minutes laterthe rock was out. It had been about a foot deep and maybe six inches wider than it looked from the top. I pried it loose with a crowbarand hoisted it into the wheelbarrow.I was stunned. That rock had persisted there beyond living memory. Each family had taken it on faith that the previous generation hadtried and failed to remove it. Because the rock had appeared to be large and deep, it was treated as immovable and strong. I have seenpeople do this too—and get others to walk carefully around them and assume a depth of character and knowledge solely from demeanorrather than from actual accomplishment.The rock had earned my respect. I couldn’t just dump it behind the barn. So I wheeled it over to the shed, still within sight of thehouse. It rests there, with vinca growing around it.I still see the rock every day but now as something good in my little landscape. It’s a reminder that each generation ought to findthings out for itself.(1) How did the writer feel about the rock when she came to the farm as a bride? （3分）A.It was something that should be there.B.It was an inseparable part of the family.C.It was something ugly and should be moved away.D.It was a reminder for her.★标准答案：C(2) What’s the attitude of other people of the family? （3分）A.They thought the rock was harmless.B.They were used to having the rock in the yard.C.They wanted to dig the rock out.D.They considered the rock as something important for them.★标准答案：B(3) Why did the writer want to dig the rock out after her husband died? （3分）A.She just wanted to find something to do.B. She wanted to do what her husband asked her to do.C.Her friends asked her to do so.D.The yard didn’t look nice with the rock around the corner.★标准答案：D(4) Why was the writer stunned? （3分）A. Because it was too difficult to dig the rock out.B. Because the rock was immovable and strong.C.Because it was too easy to dig the rock out.D.Because it took her a whole day to let the rock come out.★标准答案：C(5) Why did the writer compare some people she had seen with the rock? （3分）A.Because they always tend to beli eve other’s words.B. Because they appeared to be great and get others to walk carefully around them just like the rock did.C.Because they assume a depth of character and knowledge solely from demeanor rather than from actual accomplishment.D.Because they looked like the rock.★标准答案：B4. The Spanish man likes, among other things, to eat well. Besides the general meals of the day—breakfast, lunch and dinner—in Spainpeople like to eat “la merienda”, a snack in the afternoon which is taken in a bar or at home. “Ir de tapas” is an other typicalSpanish thing which consists in taking little portions of food which can consist of: fish, ham, cheese, always accompanied by wine orbeer.In the evening, after having dinner, especially young people, go to bars and have some drinks with their friends. They like spendingall the night in the bars and then in the discos. Adults always prefer to take dinner with friends in a restaurant, especially atweekends, when they have more free time. All terraces are full during the warm seasons, until late at night. Spanish people enjoytalking in high voices and drinking a lot of beer and other drinks, which consist of whisky combined with some energy drinks.Moreover, Spanish people are the Europeans who eat the most fish, after Japan, the major consumer of fish in the world. The majority ofSpanish fishermen are in the north—Cantabria, Asturias, Galicia and Catalonia—and in the south—Andalucia and Canarias. That is why,in the Spanish cuisine there are many dishes based on fish.Concerning the Spanish way of eating, we have to mention that Spanish people usually take dinner late at night, at 10 p.m. This isbecause they would work until 8 or 9 in the evening, as they start working later in the morning and have a break of almost two hours atmid-day, for their siesta.To conclude, we should say that it is worth tasting all the Spanish dishes and especially the ones based on fish, because they aredelicious. And the most interesting of all, like in all countries, is that each region has its special foods and ways how to servethem. Likewise, drinks are also different from one place to another, and are related to each region’s customs and character. （15分）(1) In Spain people like to eat “la merienda”, which is ____. （3分）A.a snack in the afternoon taken in a bar or at homeB. a snack at noon taken in a bar or at homeC.a snack in the evening taken in a bar or at homeD.The Scottish may seem a little more intense than the English.★标准答案：A(2) “Ir de tapas”is composed of ____. （3分）A.pork, ham, cheese, accompanied by wine and beerB.fish, ham, butter, accompanied by wine and beerC.fish, bacon, cheese, accompanied by wine and beerD.fish, ham, cheese, accompanied by wine and beer★标准答案：D(3) ____ is the major consumer of fish in the world. （3分）A.Spanish peopleB.Japanese peopleC.Chinese peopleD.American people★标准答案：B(4) Spanish people often have supper____. （3分）A. late at night, at 10 a.m.te at midnight, at 11 p.m.C.ate at night, at 10 p.m.te at noon, at 11 a.m.★标准答案：C(5) Of all the Spanish dishes, the most delicious are ____. （3分）A.the ones based on vegetablesB.the ones based on fishC.the ones based on hamsD.the ones based on beefs★标准答案：B二. 单选题（共30题,共30分）1. Most of the accidents are easily (?). （1分）A.acceptableB.intolerableC.avoidableD.understandable★标准答案：C2. John rushed out in a hurry, (?) the door (?). （1分）A.leaving; unlockedB.leaving; unlockingC.left; unlockedD.to leave; unlocking★标准答案：A3. The house I grew up (?) has been taken down and replaced by an office building. （1分）A.in itB.inC.in thatD.in which★标准答案：B4. It does not mean to fight (?), as animals do, but to fight verbally using ideas and arguments. （1分）A.mentallyB.emotionallyC.spirituallyD.physically★标准答案：D5. Nobody can (?) me of my right to work and speak. （1分）A.beatB.cheatC.robD.hit★标准答案：C6. (?) in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. （1分）A.Being foundedB.It was foundedC.FoundedD.Founding★标准答案：C7. The house (?) windows are broken is empty. （1分）A.whoB.whichC./D.whose★标准答案：D8. Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills (?) people each year than automobile accidents. （1分）A.seven more timesB.seven times moreC.over seven timesD.seven times★标准答案：B9. On the other hand, an honest man wins the (?) of others. （1分）。