2010年大连外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题

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考研英语历年真题翻译部分答案1994——2010

1994年英译汉试题71) Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.他们说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东西72) In short, a leader of the new school contends, the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable direction.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：简而言之，我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，而这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展无所不及73) Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被历史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

74) Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.伽利略的最光辉业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球旋转的。

翻译硕士英语2010答案

,
是蓝领工人 ,因为这些行业与经济运行的好坏最相关。D选项正是此意。A,B,C 选项与此无关。 ” “.B 由本文最后一段最后一句话 ,“ But in the long血 n。 ¨psychdogically dyna血 ℃ ,可知从长期来看 ,这种失业现象必然会导致政治上 ,经济上和心理上的危险。因此可推测失业问题最终会导致严重的社会问题。B选项正是此意。A,C,D选项与此无关。 Passage Two es枷,Ds36Jo40仞昭 Dc“ 〃 @刀仂纟roJJov枷留 pJfscgB。口刃 %.C 由文章第二段最后一句话 ,“ A homone。 ¨山ings hⅡ pen dsewhere。 ” ,可知 ,荷尔蒙是由一处组织产生而作用于另一处组织的化学组织。因此 ,C选项正是此意 ,它会对身体的另一个部分产生影响。A,B,D选项文中均未提及。 3T。 D 此题可用排除法。答案应定位在第三段。A选项中提到的 scientists,function在第三段中都从未出现过 ,所以为无关选项 ,排除。B选项中提到 frequentˇ ,而分泌荷尔蒙的频率在此段中也未提到 ,排除。C选项中的 aging process在此段中也没有出现排除。因此 ,此题应选 D选项。 38.D 原文高亮处的意思是 :最普遍的荷尔蒙的影响力是不显著的 ,但是却很深远而且难以追踪 :他们可以改变情绪 ,影响人类的行为 ,甚至会影响通常看来是自发的那些行为。A选项将句意的重点放在了情绪和行为上 ,但文中的句子的重点则是荷尔蒙及其作用 ,因此 A选项错误。B选项中提到的科学家现在还不肯定荷尔蒙的影响的深远程度 ,属于无关信息。C选项中的 urgent tre乱 ment属于无关信息。D选项的意思是 :荷尔蒙的影响难以衡量 ,但是它可以影响人类的心理和行动。正确。 40

2021大连外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题经验参考书

我刚刚被大连外国语大学拟录取。

今天和大家一起分享一下大外笔译考研的经验。

首先，我先介绍一下自己的情况。

本人本科毕业于一所双非的理工院校商务英语专业。

四级540＋，六级550，专四飘过，专八二战成绩还没出来。

去年我考外交学院的口译，没考上，今年转战大外。

大外的翻硕一共考四门课程，政治（100），翻译硕士英语（100），英语翻译基础（150），汉语写作与百科知识（150）。

大外不提供参考书翻译硕士英语考的就是基础英语，题型有单选，改错，四篇阅读和一篇作文。

这个科目可以按照英语专业八级来复习。

我用到的复习资料有大外真题。

星火专八阅读，改错和写作。

另外可以背一下GRE 词汇，大外近几年考词汇题不是特别多，语法的话，主要看一看专四的难度就可以。

英语翻译基础这一门满分150分，有30个词条翻译，15个英译汉，15个汉译英。

考的多是国际组织，和一些专有名词缩略词。

这个可以看看跨考教育出的一个专有名词的词条，也可以关注一下中国日报的海外版的微信官方账号，没有会推送热词。

然后考的是短文翻译，英译汉，汉译英。

都是应用文体的。

当然文学类的也要练。

大连外国语的短文翻译难度和三笔相当。

大家可以到一个三笔或者说买一些3:的练习资料进行练习。

百科让我最头疼的了，复习的时间很长。

它主要考二十五个名词解释，一篇小作文，一篇大作文。

名词解释的范围很宽泛，涉及到文学，历史，时事政治等多种领域。

但是也比较好拿分儿，比如说今年考了美国的共和党。

你可以介绍一下共和党是美国的一个政党，它成立于什么时期，有哪些总统是共和党人，有什么样的政策，这样就能把一个名词解释的很清楚了。

百科关键在积累。

大外改本科似乎有些松，基本上考试都能考120多分儿。

我百科这门分最高130分。

然后是政治，政治我用的是教育部出的考试大纲解析，肖秀荣的时事政治和肖四肖八。

2017肖老师还是压中很多的。

关注肖秀荣的微博或者微信公众号，跟着肖老师没错。

同时也要多关注时政，今年要开19大了，估计时政的考题应该也不少。

2020年-2021年大连外国语学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研参考书

2020年-2021年大连外国语学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研参考书育明教育506大印老师联合各大翻硕名校导师及考研状元联合整理2019年9月10日星期日【温馨解析】翻译硕士MTI专业，是一个比较适合于非英语专业学生报考的研究生考研专业，尤其是对于非英语专业的考生而言，一定要把握住汉语写作与百科知识（参考《汉语写作与百科知识》，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版）以及政治这两门课，因为这是加分项，是可以凸显优势的两门课所以，一定要重视。

此外，每个院校考察的汉语写作与百科知识的侧重点是不同的，比如北大侧重中国古代文学及历史，北外侧重考察时政热点。

而且从翻译硕士英语和英语翻译基础而言，考察的也不同（参考《翻译硕士MTI常考词汇》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版；《翻译硕士考研真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版）。

比如，北大侧重于现当代文学的翻译，北二外侧重经济管理类的翻译等。

目录一、2020年翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研笔记（2020年考研状元整理）二、2021年翻译硕士MTI考研复习技巧及名师指导：词汇、翻译技巧、汉百与写作三、2021年全国150所翻译硕士MTI院校考研参考书、报名人数、复试线、报录比及参考书具体内容一、2020年翻译硕士MTI考研真题及考研笔记参考书：1.《英译中国现代散文选》，张培基（三册中至少一册），上海外语出版社，20072.《高级翻译理论与实践》，叶子南，清华大学出版社，20013.《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，20194.《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓，中国对外翻译出版公司，20085. 《翻译硕士MTI常考词汇》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2020考研笔记：■词汇：[1]熟悉不少于英语专业八级（如GRE）要求的词汇量，具有大学英语四级[CET-4]至大学英语六级[CET-6]（4000-5000）的积极词汇，较为熟练掌握这些词汇的用法；[2]熟悉政治、经济、文化、法律领域的一般概念及其英语表达。

2010年大连外国语大学翻译硕士英语真题答案

2010年大连外国语大学翻译硕士英语真题答案Part I Vocabulary and grammarSection A Multiple choice1. A2. C3. A4. A5. A6. C7. A8. B9. A 10. B 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. C 20.B 21.C 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. C Cage changed his name to deflect accusations of nepotism...凯奇改了名字以避免别人指责他搞裙带关系。

26. A 27.D 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. D slip: 滑;滑倒If you slip, you accidentally slide and lose your balance. slither: Robert lost his footing and slithered down the bank.罗伯特失足滑下了河岸。

skid: The car pulled up too fast and skidded on the dusty shoulder of the road...由于刹车太急，车子侧滑到了满是尘土的路肩上。

35. D 36. A Someone who is bigoted has strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions and will not change them, even when they are proved to be wrong. 37. C 38. A in all likelihood: 十有八九，多半，可能性很大39. B 40. BSection B Proofreading and Error Correction/English/nltg/167739/The Beginning of American LiteratureAmerican has always been a land of beginnings. After Europeans‘discovered' America in the fifteenth century, the mysterious New World became for many people a genuine hope of a new life, an escape from poverty and persecution, a chance to start again. We can say that, as nation, America begins with that hope. When, however, does American literature begin?American literature begins with American experiences. Long before the first colonists arrived,Native Americans lived here. Each tribe's literature was tightly woven into the fabric of daily life and reflected the unmistakably American experience of lining with the land2. Another kind of experience, one filled with fear and excitement, found its expression in the reports that Columbus and other explorers sent home in Spain, French and English. In addition, the journals of the people who lived and died in the New England wilderness tell unforgettable tales of hard and sometimes heartbreaking experiences of those early years.Experience, then, is the key to early American literature. The New World provided a great variety of experiences, and these experiences demanded a wide variety of expressions by an even wider variety of early American writers. These writers included John Smith, who spent only two-and-a-half years on the American continent. They included Jonathan Edwards and William Byrd, who thought of themselves as British subjects, never suspecting a revolution that would create a United States of America with a literature of its own. American Indians, explorers, Puritan ministers, frontier wives, plantation owner - they are all the creators of the first American literature.genial: 和蔼的，亲切的；温暖的，温和的；宜人的；Part II Reading ComprehensionSection A Multiple choicePassage 1topic: world health, fight AIDS, controlling AIDS, health-related development assistance①revival meeting: an evangelistic( [iˌvændʒəˌlistik] adj.福音书作者的，福音传道者的) meeting intended to reawaken interest in religion ②hurl: 愤慨的说出。

大连外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题

大连外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题词条互译carbon sinktrade balancesinking fundMDGUNCTADWIPOvirual pneumoniaWorld Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control The Doctrine of MeanGlobal environment facilityNikkei Index二氧化硫戛纳国际电影节直辖市外交豁免儒林外史春秋清明上河图商务参赞缺席审判中国证监会现货交易百科三北工程雾霾天气水土流失生态系统经济河西走廊黄土高原绿洲《水浒传》文学现实主义汉乐府李白唐代绝句新体诗宋词词牌三国闪米特语系古埃及达摩克利斯之剑博弈文化专业课复习方法对于报考本专业的考⽣来说，由于已经有了本科阶段的专业基础和知识储备，相对会⽐较容易进⼊状态。

但是，这类考⽣最容易产⽣轻敌的⼼理，因此也需要对该学科能有⼀个清楚的认识，做到知⼰知彼。

跨专业考研或者对考研所考科⽬较为陌⽣的同学，则应该快速建⽴起对这⼀学科的认知构架，第⼀轮下来能够把握该学科的宏观层⾯与整体构成，这对接下来具体⽽丰富地掌握各个部分、各个层⾯的知识具有全局和⽅向性的意义。

做到这⼀点的好处是节约时间，尽快进⼊⼀个陌⽣领域并找到状态。

很多初⼊陌⽣学科的同学会经常把注意⼒放在细枝末节上，往往是浪费了很多时间还未找到该学科的核⼼，同时缺乏对该学科的整体认识。

其实考研不⼀定要天天都埋头苦⼲或者从早到晚⼀直看书，关键的是复习效率。

要在持之以恒的基础上有张有弛。

具体复习时间则因⼈⽽异。

⼀般来说，考⽣应该做到平均⼀周有⼀天的放松时间。

四轮复习法第⼀轮复习：每年的2⽉̶̶8⽉底这段时间是整个专业复习的⻩⾦时间，因为在复习过程遇到不懂的难题可以尽早地寻求帮助得到解决。

这半年的时间相对来说也是整个专业复习压⼒最⼩、最清闲的时段。

考⽣不必要在这个时期就开始紧张。

2010年大连外国语学院汉教真题解析

三、选择题（每小题 1 分，共 30 分）
1.现代汉语的音节中没有复辅音，元音占优势，所以汉语语音中____成分比例较大。
A.辅音
B.元音
C.乐音
D.嗓音
2.“不”在__________。
A.单用时
B.作词嵌 C.能定否定重叠中 D.词句末尾
3.“w”在零声母音节中是__________。
A.韵母
B.符号
C.半元音 D.声母
4.“烈”字下面的西点水是“火”字的变形，下面_________一组全是这种情况。
A.D.煮、煎、黑、蒸
5.偏义词在构词法中属于_________型。
A.偏正
B.补充
C.述宾
D.联合
6.汉字形体发展史上最重要的一个转折点是___________。
A.从小篆到隶书 B. 从隶书到楷书
C.从大篆到小篆 D.从楷书到行书
7.彼此的心意不用说明就能相互了解，“这个意义可以用成语______来表示。
A.心照不宣
B.心心相印
C.不言而喻 D.心领神会
8.下列词中的“子“不是词缀的是_______--.
A.棍子
B.瓶子 C.盒子 D.链子
9.反义词总是成对的，但一对反义词的使用频率往往不相等，通常其中的一个使用频率较高，这叫做反义
二、判断题（每小题 1 分，共 20 分）（对的画√○，错的画×）
官方网址
北大、人大、中财、北外教授创办
集训营、一对一保分、视频、小班、少干、强军
书面语是在日语的基础上形成的。发音时，声音振动的一定是元音。胡琴的声音和口琴不同，是因为它们的发音体不同。从人的发音器官发出的声音就是语音。元音和辅音是从音素中分析出来的比音素更小的语音单位。音节和音素都是语音的最小单位。隶书是古文字演变为今文字的转折点。文字是一种意义结合的符合系统，是最重要的辅助性交际工具。中国古代造字法就是人们常说的“六书”。汉字整理包括两方面的内容，精简字数和精简笔画。简化字笔画简单，有利于汉字的学习和使用，因此我们应该大量地不断地简化汉字。语素是语言中最小的语义单位。单纯词指的是一个单音节语素构成的词。语义场就通过不同词之间的对比，根据它们词义的区别特征或关系划分出来的类。词义的模糊性指的是词义的界限不清楚，它来源于词所表示的事物边界不清。多义词的基本义就是它的原始意义。语法学分词法学和法学两个部分词法学的研究包括词的结构，词形变化和词类。句法学的研究范围是短语，句子的结构规律和类型。短语是语法上能够搭配的，没有句调的一组词，是成句的备用单位。 “没有”（没）在动词，形态词前是副词，作状语，否定性状，行为的曾经发生，在名词前也是副词，否定事物的存在或否定对事物的域有。 “枪杆子里出政权。”这个比喻很形象。

2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析

2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。

英语（一）即原统考“英语”。

英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。

英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。

考试时间为180分钟。

满分为100分。

试卷包括试题册和答题卡。

答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。

考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。

（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。

第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。

共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。

共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。

要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。

本部分有3种备选题型。

每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。

考生在答题卡1上作答。

备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。

要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。

2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。

大连外国语大学高级翻译学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解专业课考试试题

目　录2010年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年大连外国语大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语（1）UNDP: United Nations Development Program【答案】联合国开发计划署（2）TMD: theater missile defense (system)【答案】战区导弹防御（系统）（3）OTC: Over the Counter【答案】非处方（药）（4）IMF【答案】国际货币基金组织（5）NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration 【答案】美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（6）GPS Global Position System【答案】全球定位系统（7）cruise missile【答案】巡航导弹（8）irrevocable letter of credit【答案】不可撤销信用证（9）critical pressure【答案】临界电压（10）insulating board【答案】绝缘板（11）refugee camp【答案】难民营（12）intellectual property right【答案】知识产权（13）notary public office【答案】公证处（14）financial deficit【答案】财政赤字（15）Reuters【答案】（英国）路透社二、将下列短语译成英语（1）多次入境签证【答案】Multiple entry visa（2）反导弹卫星【答案】Anti missile satellite（3）国际标准化组织【答案】international organization for standardization （4）对外经济贸易委员会【答案】Foreign economy and Trade Committee（5）中国民航【答案】Civil Aviation Administration of China; CAAC （6）臭氧层【答案】ozone layer（7）跳台跳水【答案】platform diving（8）载人宇宙飞船【答案】manned spaceship（9）候机大厅【答案】The lobby of the airport（10）国务院【答案】the Sate Council（11）（美国）联邦储备委员会【答案】Federal Reserve Board（12）联合国儿童基金会【答案】UNICEF（13）物联网【答案】Internet of things（14）核心利益和重大关切【答案】Core interests and major concerns（15）中国远洋运输总公司【答案】China Ocean Shipping Company三、将下列短文译成汉语PASSAGE 1The Obama administration on Monday plans to announce a campaign to pressure mortgage companies to reduce payments for many more troubled homeowners, as evidence mounts that a $75 billion taxpayer-financed effort aimed at stemming foreclosures is foundering.“The banks are not doing a good enough job，” Michael S. Barr, Treasury’s assistant secretary for financial institutions, said in an interview Friday.“Some of the firms ought to be embarrassed, and they will be.”（选自《纽约时报》）【参考译文】奥巴马政府计划在周一宣布一项给抵押放款公司施压使其减少对更多的陷入困境的私房所有者放贷的运动。

2010年大连外国语大学汉语写作与百科知识考研真题

育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！一、名词解释：给出一段话，然后对应几个选择题。

1、1~5题：古代尚黄，黄色常常被视为君权的象征，这首先起源于古代农业民族敬土思想。

安阴阳学说，黄色在五行中为土，这种土是居于宇宙中央的“中央土”，故在五行中，“土为尊”。

此后这种思想又于儒家大一统思想柔和在一起，认为以汉族为主体的统一王朝就是这样一个处于“中央土”的帝国，而有别于周围的“四夷”，这样“黄色"通过土就与“正统”，“尊崇”联系起来，为君主的统治提供了“合理性”的论证。

再加上古代又有“龙战于野，其血玄黄”的说法，而君主又以龙为象征，黄色与君主就发生了更为直接的联系。

这样，黄色就象征着君权神授，神圣不可侵犯。

周代以黄钺为天子权利象征，隋代以后皇帝要穿黄龙袍，黄色成为君主独占的御用颜色。

1.阴阳，古代以何为阴，何为阳？答案选择：剧烈运动着的、外向的、上升的、温热的、明亮的，都属于阳；相对静止着的、内守的、下降的、寒冷、晦暗的，都属于阴。

2.四夷包括什么？答案：东夷、西戎、南蛮、北狄。

3.黄钺的形状像什么？答案：斧4.隋朝持续了多少年？答案：38年5.五行相克指的是：答案：木克土，土克水，水克火，火克金，金克木2、6~15 题，一个关于乒乓球外交的，题目包括：6.罗斯福就任了几届美国总统？答案：2届7.1972年访华，中美关系开始正常化的美国总统是谁？答案：尼克松8.貌似还有一个说“小球带动大球”，这里面乒乓球的第一届冠军是谁？9.美国宣布独立的时间：1776年10.封建王朝最后一个皇帝是谁：溥仪3、16~25题:马可·波罗小时候，他的父亲和叔叔到东方经商，来到元大都并朝见过蒙古帝国的忽必烈大汗，还带回了大汗给罗马教皇的信。

大连外国语大学日语翻译硕士口译真题、初试复试考试科目

⼤连外国语⼤学⽇语翻译硕⼠⼝译真题、初试复试考试科⽬育明教育2015年考研指导⽅案考研最重要的就是⽅法、规划、模考⼤连外国语⼤学专业初试复试考试科⽬055106⽇语⼝译13①101思想政治理论②213翻译硕⼠⽇语③359⽇语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合⽇语（笔试）②⼆外听⼒③综合⾯试真题信息及辅导请联系QQ：947948911或TEL：180********《育明教育：150分考研专业课答题攻略》（⼀）名词解释1．育明考研名师解析名词解释⼀般都⽐较简单，是送分的题⽬。

在复习的时候要把重点名词夯实。

育明考研专业课每个科⽬都有总结的重要名词，不妨作为复习的参考。

很多⾼校考研名词解释会重复，这就要考⽣在复习的同时要具备⼀套权威的、完整的近5年的真题，有近10年的最好。

2．育明考研答题攻略：名词解释三段论答题法定义——》背景、特征、概念类⽐、案例——》总结/评价第⼀，回答出名词本⾝的含义。

⼀般都可以在书本找到。

第⼆，从名词的提出的背景、它的特征、相似概念⽐较等⽅⾯进⾏简述。

第三，总结，可以做⼀下简短的个⼈评价。

3．育明教育答题⽰范例如：“战略⼈⼒资源管理”第⼀，什么是战略⼈⼒资源管理（这是答案的核⼼）第⼆，它的⼏个特征，并简单做⼀下解释。

第三，和职能⼈⼒资源管理，⼈事管理等进⾏对⽐。

4．危机应对如果出现没有遇到的名词解释，或者不是很熟悉的名词解释，则尽量把相关的能够想到的有条理的放上去，把最有把握的放在第⼀部分，不要拘泥于以上的答案框架。

5．育明考研温馨提⽰第⼀，名词解释⼀般位于试卷的第⼀部分，很多考上刚上考场⾮常的兴奋，⼀兴奋就容易下笔如流⽔，⼀不⼩⼼就把名词解释当成了简答题。

结果后⾯的题⽬答题时间⾮常紧张。

第⼆，育明考研咨询师提醒⼤家，在回答名词解释的时候以150-200字为佳。

如果是A4的纸，以5-8⾏为佳。

按照每个⼈写字的速度，⼀般需要5分钟左右。

（⼆）简答题1．育明考研名师解析简答题⼀般来说位于试题的第⼆部分，基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。

大连外国语学院英语专业研究生课程表(2010-2011

大连外国语学院英语研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）注：1、未标明课程类型的均为专业选修课。

2、二外日语1班8B510，二外日语2班8B512，二外日语三班8B514，二外法语1班8B515，二外法语2班8B513，二外德国语8B517，二外俄语8A707，二外韩国语8B511，二外西语8A707大连外国语学院2011级MTI（英语口笔译）研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）大连外国语学院2010级MTI（英语笔译）研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）二外俄语8A707，二外韩国语8B509, 二外西语8A707大连外国语学院日语研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）2、二外英语1班8B503，二外英语2班8B502，二外英语3班8B505，二外英语4班8B507，二外英语5班8B508，二外英语6班8B511大连外国语学院翻译硕士（日语）研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）注：二外英语1班8B503，二外英语2班8B502，二外英语3班8B505，二外英语4班8B507，二外英语5班8B508，二外英语6班8B511大连外国语学院俄语研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）2011级8B507注：二外英语1班8B503，二外英语2班8B502，二外英语3班8B505，二外英语4班8B507，二外英语5班8B508，二外英语6班8B5112010级8B510大连外国语学院俄语系翻译硕士（MTI）课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）2011级 8B502大连外国语学院俄语系阿语研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）2011级 8A709注：二外英语1班8B503，二外英语2班8B502，二外英语3班8B505，二外英语4班8B507，二外英语5班8B508，二外英语6班8B511 大连外国语学院法语研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）注：二外英语1班8B503，二外英语2班8B502，二外英语3班8B505，二外英语4班8B507，二外英语5班8B508，二外英语6班8B511 大连外国语学院韩国语研究生课程表（2011-2012学年第一学期）注：1、《韩国传统文化研究》为外聘知名专家课，授课者为韩国成均馆大学名誉教授崔博光，于10月18日至24日集中一周上课。

2010年考研英语真题英译汉分析及答案

英语辅导专家贾洪伟⽼师，针对2010年考研英语英译汉部分进⾏分析，2010考研英语英译汉⽂章属环保范畴，摘⾃利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)于1966年在⽜津⼤学出版出版的《沙乡年鉴》(A Sand Country Almanac)中的“⼟地伦理”(The Land Ethics)部分，具体在原书210页。

本题⼲中，出题者也是动过“⼩⼿术”的，⽐如：第⼀段的原⽂是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin, it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold, fed, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。

”，经过加⼯就变成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。

2010全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of a worldwide pandemic in 41 years.The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, whenMexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&01 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other problems. But it wasstill possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people.Section Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, ―Beautiful Inside My Head Forever‖, at Sotheby‘s in London o n September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‘s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world‘s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby‘s and Christie‘s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move thatstarted the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie‘s chief executive, says: ―I‘m pretty confident we‘re at the bottom.‖What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie‘s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as ―a last victory‖because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying ―spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable‖(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with anewspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase ―wreaking havoc‖(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.―There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washingwith soap, that remain killers only because we can‘t figure out how to change people‘s habits,‖ Dr. Curtis said. ―We wanted to learn from private ind ustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.‖The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers‘ lives tha t corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you‘ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits.A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn‘t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is nowfeatured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.―Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,‖ said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. ―Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers‘ lives, and it‘s essential to making new products commercially viable.‖Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people‘habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people‘buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‘s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer‘s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author‘sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‘s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted withthese democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana,the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)―Suatainability‖ has become apopular w ord these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He‘d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin‘t go well. ―It was a really had move because that‘s no t my passion,‖ says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. ―I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyo ne said, ‗Just wait, you‘ll trun the corner, give it some time.‘‖翻译参考―坚持不懈‖如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

上外2010年翻译硕士(MTI)考试的真题

In status-conscious China, symbolism and protocol play a role that is larger than life. U.S. diplomatic blunders could reinforce Beijing’s mindset that blatant information control works, and that a rising China can trump universal values of open, accountable government.
And the bills would probably do it without damaging the care the rest of us receive. In every place where reforms have been tried — from Massachusetts to Switzerland — people come to cherish their new benefits. The new plans become politically untouchable.
Occasionally, our ancestors found themselves in a sweet spot. They could pass legislation that brought security but without a cost to vitality. But adults know that this situation is rare. In the real world, there’s usually a trade-off. The unregulated market wants to direct capital to the productive and the young. Welfare policies usually direct resources to the vulnerable and the elderly. Most social welfare legislation, even successful legislation, siphons money from the former to the latter.

大连外国语大学翻译硕士日语考研专业硕士考研真题

大连外国语大学翻译硕士日语考研专业硕士考研真题
地球温暖化防止は、人類にとって21世紀に取り組むべき最大の課題の一つとなろう。

人類は、産業革命以後、既に膨大な量の二酸化炭素を排出してきた。

発展
の遅れた地域の焼き畑農業もあるが、その大部分は先進国によるものである。

今後も人口の大きい途上国の経済発展が加わり、専門研究機関の予測によると、排出抑制策を実施しなければ、100年後の排出量は現状の3倍を大きく上回ると見られる。

気候変動に関する政府間パネルは地球温暖化防止に向けて、21世紀末の温室効果ガスの排出量を現状以下にする必要があるとしている。

【答案】
防止全球变暖将成为21世纪人类必须解决的最大的课题之一。

工业革命后，人类便已排放了大量的二氧化碳。

虽然这其中包含发展相对落后地区在农田焚烧秸秆排出的二氧化碳，但主要还是来自发达国家。

加上今后人口众多的发展中国家也要发展经济，据研究部门预测，若不实施抑制排放的相关政策，百年后二氧化碳的排放量将会超过如今的三倍以上。

因此，联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会有必要针对防止全球变暖，将21世纪末的温室气体排放量维持在现状之下。

2010年外语考研真题及答案解析

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of English丁晓钟：2010年考研英语一真题参考答案Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floorlignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that thevery___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__ , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up[C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter[C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness[B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable[B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for[C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued18. [A]Therefore [B]Furthermore [C]However [D]Meanwhile19. [A]Attempted [B]tended [C]chose [D]intenced20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage. Not only have many newspapers done away with their book-review sections, but several major papers, including the Chicago Sun-Times and the Minneapolis Star-Tribune, no longer employ full-time classical-music critics. Even those papers that continue to reviewfine-arts events are devoting less space to them, while the “think pieces” on cultural subjects that once graced the pages of big-city Sunday papers are becoming a thing of the past.It is, I suspect, difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century, including Virgil Thomson’s The Musical Scene (1945), Edwin Denby’s Looking at the Dance (1949), Kenneth Tynan’s Curtains (1961), and Hilton Kramer’s The Age of the Avant-Garde (1973) consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their erudite contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the discursive newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.1 Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men (for they were all men) believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Why, then, are virtually all of these critics forgotten? Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classica l-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists. How is it possible that so celebrated a critic should have slipped into near-total obscurity?21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 thatA arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.B English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.C high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.D young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War 2 were characterized byA free themes.B casual style.C elaborate layout.D radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would shaw and Newman most probably agree on?A It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.B It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.C Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.D Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?A His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.B His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.C His style caters largely to modern specialists.D His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?A Newspapers of the Good Old DaysB The Lost Horizon in NewspapersC Mournful Decline of JournalismD Prominent ritics in MemoryC Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its “one-click” online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis’D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivalsthat might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court”,says Harole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, orwell-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t expl ain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certainlooks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t se em to be required of all.The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to thetwo-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s ability t o influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call “global cascades”- the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to s ocial epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to r eport enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The det ails may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term ass ets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives.” Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls “the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank’s shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent andeven combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks’ long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet ”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change willultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France, Germany, Italy, and Spain-are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don’t eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe’s wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to ＄268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing.(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds .(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, thenon-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “postgraduate association” instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项 affect 意思是"影响，感动"； B项 achieve意思是"达成，完成"； C项extract意思是"提取，榨出"；D项restore是"恢复，重建". 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。

2010广外MTI真题

绝对精华：广东外语外贸大学2010年MTI完整真题本帖最后由孟菲斯托于2011-7-14 12:40 编辑首先，对坛子里那么多人宁肯看残缺不全回忆版，也不肯花几块买官方真题表示不解！其次，对有那么多的学校捂着自己的陈年卷子不发，留在地下室里让虫子咬表示不解！广东外贸2010年MTI硕士入学考试第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （30 P）01. Although she gives badly ____ titles to her musical compositions, they ____ unusual combinations of materials including classical music patterns and rhythms, electronic sounds, and bird songs.A. conventional / incorporateB. eccentric / deployC. traditional / excludeD. imaginative / disguise02. Even though the folktales Perroult collected and retold were not solely French in origin, his versions of them were so decidedly French in style that later anthologies of French folktales have never ____ them.A. excludedB. admiredC. collectedD. comprehended03. In arguing against assertions that environmental catastrophe is imminent, her book does not ridicule all predictions of doom but rather claims that the risks of harm have in many cases been ____.A. exaggeratedB. ignoredC. scrutinizedD. derided04. There seems to be no ____ the reading public’s thirst for books about the 1960’s: indeed, the normal level of interest has ____ recently because of a spate of popular television documentaries.A. quenching / moderatedB. whetting / mushroomedC. slaking / increasedD. ignoring / transformed05. Despite a tendency to be overtly ____, the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment, as well as pious sentiments.A. divertingB. emotionalC. didacticD. romantic06. One of the first ____ of reduced burning in Amazon rain forests was the chestnut industry: smoke tends to drive out the insect that, by pollinating chestnut tree, allow chestnuts to develop.A. reformersB. discoveriesC. casualtiesD. beneficiaries07. The research committee urged the archaeologist to ____ her claim that the tomb she has discovered was that of Alexander the Great, since her initial report has been based only on ____.A. disseminate / suppositionB. withdraw / evidenceC. undercut / capriceD. document / conjecture08. Although Heron is well known for the broad comedy in the movies she has directed previously, her new film is less inclined to ____: the gags are fewer and subtler.A. understatementB. preciosityC. symbolismD. melodrama09. Bebop’s legacy is ____ one: bebop may have won jazz the right to be taken seriously as an art form, but it ____ jazz’s mass audience, which turned to other forms of music such as rock and pop.A. a mixed / alienatedB. a troubled / seducedC. an ambiguous / aggrandizedD. a valuable / refined10. The exhibition’s importance lies in its ____: curators have gathered a diverse array of significant works from many different museums.A. homogeneityB. sophistryC. scopeD. farsightedness11. Despite the fact that the commission’s report treats a vitally important topic, the report will be ____ read because its prose is so ____ that understanding it requires an enormous effort.A. seldom / transparentB. carefully / pellucidC. little / turgidD. eagerly / digressive12. Carleton would still rank among the great ____ of nineteenth century American art even if the circumstance of her life and career were less ____ than they are.A. celebrities / obscureB. failures / illustriousC. charlatans / impeccableD. enigmas / mysterious13. Although based on an actual event, the film lacks ____: the director shuffles events, simplifies the tangle of relationships, and ____ documentary truth for dramatic power.A. conviction / embracesB. expressiveness / exaggeratesC. verisimilitude / sacrificesD. realism / substitutes14. When Adolph Ochs became the publisher of The New York Times, he endowed the paper witha uniquely ____ tone, avoiding the ____ editorials that characterized other major papers of the time.A. abstruse / scholarlyB. dispassionate / shrillC. argumentative / tendentiousD. cosmopolitan / timely15. There are as good fish in the sea ____ ever came out of it.A. thanC. asD. so16. All the Pre sident’s Men ____ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining17. “You ____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them”, I told my friend.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can18. If only the patient ____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving19. Linda was ____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting20. She ____ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been21. It is not ____ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.B. asC. soD. very22. The committee has anticipated the problems that ____ in the road construction project.A. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisen23. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____ impossible to comprehend.A. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find24. He would have finished his college education, but he ____ to quit and find a job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have25. The research requires more money than ____.A. have been put inB. has been put inC. being put inD. to be put in26. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ____ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A. no moreB. not moreC. even moreD. much more27. It is not uncommon for there ____ problems of communication between the old and the young.B. would beC. beD. to be28. ____ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A. LookingB. LookedC. Being lookedD. To look29. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues30. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a _____ forgery.A. man-madeB. naturalC. crudeD. realPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （40 P）Passage AOn New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3. 5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according tothe seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands.Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing mill ions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive（the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it）. Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.01. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.B. The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.C. The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.D. Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.02. The word “encapsulates”in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”（para. l）can be replaced by ____.A. concludes.B. involves.C. represents.D. aggravates.03. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?A. Neutral and indifferent.B. Sympathetic and understanding.C. Critical and vehement.D. Subjective and fatalistic.04. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”（para. 4）, he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not ____.A. have an objective view of the situation in AfricaB. understand the unpredictable weather systems thereC. feel themselves superior in decision makingD. care about the development of the local people05. The author’s main purpose in writing this article is ____.A. to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralistsB. to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in AfricaC. to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralismD. to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesPassage BCivil-Liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice（DOJ）has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act（COPA）, but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its ownsearches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. （The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched. ）Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. “What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?” Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper autho rities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without w orrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”01. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ search behavior, the major intention is ____.A. to protect national securityB. to help protect personal freedomC. to monitor Internet pornographyD. to implement the Child Online Protection Act02. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”（para. 2）required by DOJ as it believes that ____.A. it is not involved in the court caseB. users’ privacy is most importantC. the government has violated the First AmendmentD. search terms is the company’s business secret03. The phrase “scaled back to”in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”（para. 3）can be replaced by ____.A. maximized toB. minimized toC. returned toD. reduced to04. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”（para. 4）, the expression “sink its own case”most probably means that ____.A. counterattack the oppositionB. lead to blocking of porn sitesC. provide evidence to disprove the caseD. give full ground to support the case05. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”（para. 5）, the expression “Big Brother”is used to refer to ____.A. a friend or relative showing much concernB. a colleague who is much more experiencedC. a dominating and all-powerful ruling powerD. a benevolent and democratic organizationPart 3: Answering Questions. （20 P）Passage AMillions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health & Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state. The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut. The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany’s ballooning pension crisis. Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told her state pension would be cut by $12. 30, or 1% to $1,156. 20 a month. “It was a real shock,” she says. “My pension had always gone up in the past.”There’s more bad news on the way. On Mar. 11, Germany’s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions—which have been rising steadily since World War II—from 53% of average wages now to 46% by 2020. And Germany is not alone. Governments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy, the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from 57 to 60, while France will require that civil servants put in 40 years rather than 37. 5 to qualify for a full pension. The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions, leftist politicians, and pensioners’ groups.The explanation is simple: Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By 2030 there will only be two workers per pensioner, compared with four in 2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system, cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall. The gap between money coming in and payments going out could top $10 billion this year in Ger many alone. “In the future, a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired,” says German Health & Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt. Says ItalianFinance Minister Giulio Tremonti: “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”Of course, those population trends have been forecast for years. Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands, have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions. But many Continental governments dragged their feet. Now, the rapid runup in costs is finally forcing them to act. State-funded pension payments make up around 12% of gross domestic product in Germany and France and 15% in Italy—two percentage points more than 20 years ago. Pensions account for an average 21% of government spending across the European Union. The U. S. Social Security system, by contrast, consumes just 4.8% of GDP. The rising cost is having serious repercussio ns on key European nations’ commitments to fiscal restraint. “Governments have no choice but to make pension reform a priority,” says Antonio Cabral, deputy director of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Economic & Financial Affairs.Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector, corporate contributions to state pension systems—which make up 19. 5% of total gross pay in Germany—add to Europe’s already bloated labor costs. That, in turn, blunts manufacturers’ competitivene ss and keeps unemployment rates high. According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne, benefit costs reached a record 41. 7% of gross wages in Germany last year, compared with 37.4% a decade before. French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension cost of $121 million contributed to a 9% fall in operating profits last year.To cope, Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pension schemes. But even if private pensions become more popular, European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions. While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy.QuestionsParaphrase Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti’s statement “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves”? What is implied by the last sentence of the passage “While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next gene ration of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy”?Passage BIn the old days, it was all done with cakes. For Marcel Proust, it was a visit to Mother’s for tea and madeleines that provided the access to “the vast structure of recollection” that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia, “Remembrance of Past Things.” These days, it’s not necessary to evoke the past: you can’t move without tripping over it.In an age zooming forward technologically, why are all the backward glances? The Oxford English Dictionary’s first definition of nostalgia reads: “acute longing for familiar surroundings; severe homesickness.” With the speed of computers doubling every 18 months, and the net doubling in size in about half that, no w onder we’re aching for familiar surroundings. Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change, anything enduring becomes precious. “People are looking for something authentic,” says McLaren. Trouble is, nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing, demographics and technology. “Nostalgia ain’t what it used to be,” says Michael J.Wolf, senior partner at Booz-Allen & Hamilton in New York. “These are the new good old days.” Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market. The boomers, defined by American demographers as those born between 1946 and 1964, are living long and prosperous lives. In both Europe and America, they remain the Holy Grail for admen, and their past has become everyone’s present. In a study on “entertainment imprinting,” two A merican marketing professors, Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook, asked people ranging in age from 16 to 86 which popular music from the past they liked best. People’s favorite songs, they found, tended to be those that were popular when they were about 24, with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age. Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting, or at least nostalgia. The company hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Homeward Bound,” just as it launched Windows 98 to the tune of “Start Me up” by the Rolling Stones. Boomers remember both tunes from their 20s.If boomers are one market that values memories, exiles are another. According to the International Organization of Migration, more than 150 million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in 1965. This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious as the freedoms of an EU passport. But exiles and refugees share one thing: homes left behind. Type in “nostalgia” on the search engine Google, and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian, an online site for Iran’s exiles, most of whom fled after 1978’s Islamic revolution. Perhaps t he savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site alibris. com, which features stories of clients’ rediscovering long-lost books on it. One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on “Kickapoo Joy Juice,” ad dreaded medicine of his youth. A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris’s recovery of his first-grade primer” Down cherry Street.” The Net doesn’t merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it. Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items, form marbles to Apple Macintoshes.Cutting-edge technology, designed to be transient, has even bred its own instanostalgia. Last year a $666 Apple I went for $18,000 to a British collector at a San Francisco auction. “Historic! Microsoft Multi plan for Macintosh” crows one item on eBay’s vintage Apple section. Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like “In the old days, Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?”Those who don’t remember their history are condemned to rep eat it. Or so entertainment moguls hope, as they market “70s TV hits like “Charlie’s Angels” and “Scooby Doo,” out next year, to a generation that can’t remember them the first time round. If you’ve missed a Puff Daddy track or a “Sopranos” episode, panic not. The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of 2020, says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand. “I guarantee you, Madonna’s music will be used to sell everything,” he says. “God help me, I hope it’s not selling insurance.” It could be. When we traffic in the past, nothing’s sacred.QuestionsExplain the beginning sentence “In the old days, it was all done with cakes.” What is the other big group besides baby boomers which values memories? What do these people share? What is “nostalgia market”? What do they sell in the nostalgia market?Part 4: Writing. （30 P）Please reflect on the following opinion and write an essay of about 400 words elaborating your view with a well-defined title.Some people believe the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that educations is there, instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students, to improve the students in an all-round way, and especially to guide them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility. An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultant ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of “memorizing machines”. We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life.广东外贸2010年MTI硕士入学考试第2卷：英汉互译一、词汇翻译（30 P）CPPCCUNESCOASEMChina-ASEAN ExpoSWOT analysisGlobal SourcingInformation AsymmetryShanghai World ExpoInnocent PresumptionThe Civil Law SystemThe Book of RitesMenciusConsecutive InterpretingThe House of CommonsA Farewell To Arms全国人民代表大会外交部会展经济注册会计师次贷危机董事会中国证监会廉政公署暂行规定有罪推定佛经翻译百年老店。

翻译硕士著名院校解读：大连外国语大学

翻译硕士著名院校解读：大连外国语大学Dalian International Studies University(DISU) 大连外国语大学坐落于美丽的海滨城市—大连，是辽宁省省属外国语高等院校，拥有学士、硕士学位授予权。

学院秉承“崇德尚文、兼收并蓄”的校训，遵循“育人为本、质量至上、突出特色、科学发展”的办学理念，经过四十三年的建设和发展，已经成为以外语为主，以国际化办学为特色，文、管、经、工等学科相互支撑、协调发展且充满生机活力的多科型外国语大学。

大连外国语大学坐落在美丽的海滨城市大连，是辽宁省省属高校。

1970年更名为辽宁外语专科学校，1978年更名为大连外国语学院，2013年4月更名为大连外国语大学。

49年来，学校秉承"崇德尚文、兼收并蓄"的校训精神，遵循"育人为本、质量至上、突出特色、科学发展"的办学理念，已建设发展成为以外语为主，以国际化办学为特色，人文学科、社会学科、管理学、工学等学科相互支撑、协调发展的多科性外国语大学。

[1] 学校占地总面积1952亩，校舍建筑总面积54.6万平方米。

校区规划布局合理、校园环境优美，各类功能的教室齐备，充分体现了现代化、人文化、智能化和数字化的特点。

学校图书馆建筑面积3.4万平方米，馆藏印刷型文献167万册。

校园网设备先进，为学校信息化、数字化建设奠定了良好的基础。

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