Chapter Ten Cargo Transportation Insurance

Losses sustained by the insured because the risks come from not only the loss of the goods or the damage done to the goods, but also from the expenses the insured sustained in rescuing the goods in danger. Transportation insurance not only insures the losses caused by risks but also the losses of expenses.
海洋运输货物保险保障的风险
海上风险Βιβλιοθήκη 外来风险自然灾害意外事故
一般外来风险
特殊外来风险
Section One Marine Insurance
Ocean marine transportation insurance Overland transportation insurance Air transportation insurance Parcel post transportation insurance
• General extraneous risks:一般外来风险 一般外来风险 Theft or pilferage, rain, shortage, contamination, leakage, breakage, taint of odor, dampness, heating, rusting, hooking, etc. • Special extraneous risks:特殊外来风险 特殊外来风险 War risks, strikes, non-delivery of cargo, refusal to receive cargo, etc.
The differences between general average and particular average
Cause: Particular average is a kind of cargo loss usually caused directly by sea perils, while general average is caused by intentional measures taken to save the common interest. Indeminification: Particular average is often borne by the party whose cargo is damaged, while general average should be proportionally contributed among all parties benefited from the intentional measures.
Chapter Ten
Cargo Transportation Insurance
Learning Outcomes
After learning this chapter you should be able to Be aware of the risks and losses in ocean transportation Outline the scope of the Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of CIC Frame the coverage of London Institute Cargo Clauses Understand the procedure for lodging claims Describe methods of stipulating insurance clauses in sales contracts
Chinese
General Average
共同海损是指在同一海上航程中， 共同海损是指在同一海上航程中， 船舶、货物和其他财产遭遇共同危险， 船舶、货物和其他财产遭遇共同危险， 船方为了共同安全， 合理地采 船方为了共同安全，有意地合理地采 取措施所直接造成的特殊牺牲和支付 的特殊费用。 的特殊费用。
Technical Terms
The insurer 保险人 The insured 被保险人 The insurance policy 保险单 The premium 保险费
Section One Marine Insurance
Definition of Ocean Marine Transportation Insurance Marine insurance is defined as a contract of insurance whereby the insurance in return for premium collected undertakes to indemnify the insured in a manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses, that is to say, the losses incidental to marine adventure. Such insurance involving the marine conveyance of cargo from one country to another is, then, marine cargo insurance, which is seen as an indispensable adjunct to foreign trade. However, the term “marine insurance” is somewhat misleading because the contract of marine insurance can, by agreement of the parties or custom of the trade, be extended so as to protect the insured against losses on inland waters or land which are
Case Study
在一航程中，船舶不慎搁浅， 在一航程中，船舶不慎搁浅，为了船货 的共同安全，船长下令抛货。 商的10万美 的共同安全，船长下令抛货。A商的10万美 10 元的钢材全部被抛入海底， 元的钢材全部被抛入海底，船舶便起浮并可 继续航行。 继续航行。问A商遭受的是全部损失还是部 分损失？ 分损失？
共同海损应由 有关利害关系方 共同分摊
共同海损成立的条件
危及船、 危及船、货共同安全的危险须确实存在 船方采取的措施是有意识的、 船方采取的措施是有意识的、合理的 所作的牺牲是特殊的，费用是额外的 所作的牺牲是特殊的， 牺牲和费用须是有效果的
Particular average单独海损 单独海损
Case Study
一载货船舶由天津港驶出不远处， 一载货船舶由天津港驶出不远处，一船舱起 火，船长下令引水灭火，火虽扑灭，船的主机被 船长下令引水灭火，火虽扑灭， 烧坏，遂租拖船拖回天津港， 烧坏，遂租拖船拖回天津港，修理完毕后重驶目 的港。事后检查，发现如下损失： 300箱货物 的港。事后检查，发现如下损失：1）300箱货物 被焚； 100箱货物被烟熏 箱货物被烟熏； 200箱货物被水 被焚；2）100箱货物被烟熏；3）200箱货物被水 浸湿； 主机和部分甲板烧坏； 拖船费用； 浸湿；4）主机和部分甲板烧坏；5）拖船费用；6） 额外增加的燃料费用和船员工资。 额外增加的燃料费用和船员工资。以上损失哪些 是共同海损，哪些是单独海损？ 是共同海损，哪些是单独海损？
Chinese
Constructive total loss推定全损 推定全损
Unless a marine policy otherwise provides, a loss is a constructive total loss if the subject-matter insured is reasonably abandoned because the actual total loss of the subject-matter appears unavoidable or the preservation of the subject-matter from actual total loss would entail costs exceeding its value when the costs are incurred. Chinese
It means that a particular cargo is damaged by any cause and the degree of the damage does not reach a total loss, i.e., only a partial loss, which shall be borne by the owner of this individual consignment.
General Average共同海损 共同海损
An ocean marine loss that occurs through the voluntary sacrifice of a part of the vessel or cargo, or an expenditure, to safeguard the vessel and its remaining cargo from a common peril. If the sacrifice is successful, all interests at risk contribute to the loss borne by owner of the sacrificed property based on their respective saved values.