宾语从句讲解_专项练习及答案

宾语从句

一、宾语从句的概念

宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。

He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)

He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)

Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)

二、宾语从句三要素：连接词、语序、时态

1.连接词

(1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。

e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.

(2)if/ whether “是否”，用它引导从句，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。原句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问句。

Could you tell me if (whether) Miss Brown lives in that house?

注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。

1.只能用whether不能用if的情况

a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if

eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.

We didn’t think about whether it would rain the next day.

b.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:

I don’t know whether he’s free or not.

Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.

Tell me whether you’d like to go shopping or tidy the room.

c.宾语从句提前时：

Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.

2.用if不用whether的情况:

a.引导否定概念的宾语从句时：

He asked me if I didn’t do my homework.

b.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果”时:

We’ll go hiking if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

(3).当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代词和连接副词引导：

what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, how, why, how far, how long, how many, how much, how often…

作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义。

eg:I didn’t hear what he wanted me to do.

I want to know who is that young man.

Tom asked us when we would start.

2.语序：陈述句语序：即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）

Do you still remember what he said?

3、时态

a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时，从句不受主句的限制，可用任何时态。

Do you know if/whether he will go to the movie?

b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：

I didn't know if/whether he would go to the movie.

特殊情况：

1：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：

He said that the earth moves round the sun..

The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.

2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

三、宾语从句注意事项

当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：

What’s wrong? What’s the matter?What’s happening?

eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

四、宾语从句转化为简单句

1.当主句与从句的主语一致时：

1) I don’t know what I shall do next.

I don’t know what to do next.

2)John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy.

John didn’t decide which shirt to buy.

2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间宾与从句中的主语一致时：

1)Can you tell me how I can get to the police station?

Can you tell me how to get to the police station?

2)Please show me how I should start the recorder.

Please show me how to start the recorder

一、选择填空

1. I want to know _ _he can be here on time.

A. who

B. when

C. where

D. if

2. Could you tell me ______?

A. what your mother do

B. what does your mother do

C. your mother does

D. what your mother does

3. Did you know ____ a sports meeting next Saturday ?

A. there would have to be

B. if there were

C. if there was going to be

D. there was going to have

4.Tell me ___ , please.

A. How old is he

B. how old he is

C. he is how old

D. how old does he

5. I asked him whether he ______ how to pronounce this word.

A. knows

B. knew

C. has known

D. will know

6. Dick said that he ______ in a train to Washington at seven yesterday .

A. ride

B. would ride

C. was riding

D. had ridden

7. Peter said that he ______ the way to the chemist’s shop.

A. does not know

B. did not know

C. do not know

D. did not knew

8. He said that he ______ the next day .

A. will set off

B. set

C. would set off

D. won’t set off