FMVSS122摩托车制动系统中文版

合集下载

美国汽车安全技术法规（FMVSS）介绍

美国汽车安全技术法规（FMVSS）介绍2010年美国汽车安全技术法规（FMVSS）目录CFR第49卷第571部分。

目前共计63项。

序号法规名称页码范围1.FMVSS 101 控制器和显示器 233~2432.FMVSS 102 变速器换挡杆顺序, 起动机互锁机构和变速器制动效能 243~2443.FMVSS 103风窗玻璃除霜和除雾系统 244~2454.FMVSS 104风窗玻璃刮水和洗涤系统 245~2475.FMVSS 105液压制动系统 247~2676.FMVSS 106制动软管 267~2997.FMVSS 108灯具,反射装置和辅助设备 299~4808.FMVSS 109新的充气轮胎 480~4909.FMVSS 110轮胎和轮辋选择 490~50010.FMVSS 111后视镜 501~51011.FMVSS 113罩盖锁装置 51012.FMVSS 114防盗装置 510~51213.FMVSS 116机动车制动液 512~53414.FMVSS 117翻新充气轮胎 534~53515.FMVSS 118动力操纵车窗系统 536~54116.FMVSS 119车辆(不包括轿车)用的充气轮胎 541~54617.FMVSS 120机动车(不包括轿车)轮胎和轮辋选择 546~55218.FMVSS 121气压制动系统 552~57419.FMVSS122 摩托车制动系统 574~58120.FMVSS 123摩托车的控制器和显示器 582~58521.FMVSS 124加速器控制系统 58622.FMVSS 125警告装置 586~59123.FMVSS 126 汽车电子稳定控制系统 591~60224.FMVSS 129新的轿车非充气轮胎 602~60825.FMVSS 131学童客车行人安全装置 609~61126.FMVSS 135轿车制动系统 611~63127.FMVSS 138 轮胎气压监控系统 631~63628.FMVSS 139 轻型车辆新气压轮胎 636~64329.FMVSS 201乘员在车内碰撞时的防护 643~66330.FMVSS 202头枕 663~66631.FMVSS 202a头枕 666~68132.FMVSS 203驾驶员免受转向控制系统伤害的碰撞保护681~68233.FMVSS 204转向控制装置的向后位移 682~68334.FMVSS 205玻璃材料 683~68535.FMVSS 205(a) 玻璃材料 685~69136.FMVSS 206车门锁及车门固定组件 691~71037.FMVSS 207座椅系统 710~71438.FMVSS 208乘员碰撞保护 715~80639.FMVSS 208a 2004年1月27日至2004年8月31日期间生产车辆的可选实验规程 807~82840.FMVSS 209座椅安全带总成 828~84641.FMVSS 210座椅安全带总成固定点 846~85442.FMVSS 212风窗玻璃的安装 854~85543.FMVSS 213儿童约束系统 855~89844.FMVSS 214侧碰撞保护 898~92445.FMVSS 216轿车车顶抗压强度 924~92846.FMVSS 216a轿车车顶抗压强度,升级版标准 928~93347.FMVSS 217客车紧急出口及车窗的固定与松放 933~95148.FMVSS 218摩托车头盔 951~96749.FMVSS 219风窗玻璃区的干扰 967~96950.FMVSS 220学童客车倾翻的防护 969~97051.FMVSS 221学童客车的车身联结强度 971~97352.FMVSS 222学童客车乘员座椅和碰撞保护 973~99153.FMVSS 223后碰撞防护装置 991~99654.FMVSS 224后碰撞保护 996~99955.FMVSS 225 儿童约束系统固定点 999~103656.FMVSS 301燃料系统的完整性 1036~104457.FMVSS 302汽车内饰材料的燃烧特性 1045~104758.FMVSS 303压缩天燃气车辆燃料系统的完整性 1047~105059.FMVSS 304压缩天燃气车辆燃料箱的完整性 1050~105360.FMVSS 305 电动车辆—电解液溅出及电击保护 1053~105861.FMVSS 401乘用车行李厢内部开启机构 1058~105962.FMVSS 403 机动车辆地板举升系统 1059~107963.FMVSS 404 机动车辆地板举升器的安装 1079~108064.FMVSS 500 低速车辆（车速介于20mph--35mph的4轮车辆） 1080~1081。

FMVSS125报警装置中文版

镑的货车携带的装置。该装置用于警告向停驻车辆靠近的行人或车辆。用于永久
性安装于车辆上的装置除外。
S 4 定义
进入角指的是通过被测物体中心和表面法线的直线和通过被测物体中心和光源
中心的直线所形成的角度
荧光指的是由于吸收可见光谱外的更短波光线而具有的发散可见光的属性
观察角指的是由从观察点到被测物体中心的线和从被测物体中心到光源中心的
（a）围在不透明的保护性重复使用容器中，2 或 3 个警告装置一起销售在一辆
车上作为一组来用、可以装在一个容器中的除外；或者
（b）通过新机动车任何不透光的、密封的并易到达车厢的安全附件，该附件有
车辆生产厂家随车辆一起提供。
S 5.1.3 警告装置的设计应当能够使其不需使用工具就可以在其容器内竖起和
（e）在每一个入射角和观察角，计算出红色反光材料的入射脚蜡烛的总烛光
S 6.3 亮度测试按照如下步骤测试橙色荧光材料的亮度：
（a）除非使用两用材料，应当阻止红色反光材料影响橙色荧光材料亮度的光
度测量
（b）使用 150 瓦高压氙紧密弧光灯作为光源，从 45 度入射角和 90 度观察角
照亮角形底部的低边水平并位于地面以上 1 英寸以上。
（b）除部分材料必须用来提供紧固、旋转珠和其他办法来支撑警告装置外，
必需的反射材料和荧光材料任何部分都不应当被警告装置的其他部分弄模糊。在
任何情况下，都要在三角形上使用足够的反光和荧光材料，以满足 S5.4 和 S.5
的要求。
S 5.2.2 警告装置的三角形部分每条边都应当不小于 17 且不大于 22 英寸，不小
于 2 不大于 3 英寸宽。（如图表 1）
S 5.2.3 警告装置三角形部分每一面都应当有统一宽度（不少于 0.75 不多于

FMVSS 122摩托车制动系统

Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT§571.122§571.122Standard No. 122; Motorcycle brake systems.S1. Scope. This standard specifies per-formance requirements for motorcycle brake systems.S2. Purpose. The purpose of the stand-ard is to insure safe motorcycle brak-ing performance under normal and emergency conditions.S3. Application. This standard applies to motorcycles.S4. Definitions.Braking interval means the distance measured from the start of one brake application to the start of the next brake application.Initial brake temperature means the temperature of the hottest service brake of the vehicle 0.2 mile before any brake application.Skid number means the frictional re-sistance of a pavement measured in ac-cordance with A merican Society for Testing and Materials (A STM) Method E–274–70 (as revised July, 1974) at 40 mph, omitting water delivery as speci-fied in paragraphs 7.1 and 7.2 of that method.Stopping distance means the distance traveled by a vehicle from the start of the brake application to the point where the vehicle stops.Split service brake system means a brake system consisting of two or more subsystems actuated by a single con-trol designed so that a leakage-type failure of a pressure component in a single subsystem (except structural failure of a housing that is common to all subsystems) shall not impair the operation of the other subsystem(s).S5. Requirements. Each motorcycle shall meet the following requirements under the conditions specified in S6, when tested according to the proce-dures and in the sequence specified in S7. Corresponding test procedures of S7 are indicated in parentheses. If a mo-torcycle is incapable of attaining a specified speed, its service brakes shall be capable of stopping the vehicle from the multiple of 5 m.p.h. that is 4 m.p.h. to 8 m.p.h. less than the speed attain-able in 1 mile, within stopping dis-tances that do not exceed the stopping distances specified in Table 1.S5.1Required equipment—split service brake system. Each motorcycle shall have either a split service brake sys-tem or two independently actuated service brake systems.S5.1.1Mechanical service brake sys-tem. Failure of any component in a me-chanical service brake system shall not result in a loss of braking ability in the other service brake system on the vehi-cle.S5.1.2Hydraulic service brake system.A leakage failure in a hydraulic service brake system shall not result in a loss of braking ability in the other service brake system on the vehicle. Each mo-torcycle equipped with a hydraulic brake system shall have the equipment specified in S5.1.2.1 and S5.1.2.2.S5.1.2.1Master cylinder reservoirs. Each master cylinder shall have a sepa-rate reservoir for each brake circuit, with each reservoir filler opening hav-ing its own cover, seal, and cover re-tention device. Each reservoir shall have a minimum capacity equivalent to one and one-half times the total fluid displacement resulting when all the wheel cylinders or caliper pistons serviced by the reservoir move from a new lining, fully retracted position to a fully worn, fully applied position. Where adjustment is a factor, the worst condition of adjustment shall be used for this measurement.S5.1.2.2Reservoir labeling. Each mo-torcycle shall have a brake fluid warn-ing statement that reads as follows, in letters at least three thirty-seconds of an inch high:Warning: Clean filler cap before re-moving. Use only lll fluid from a sealed container. (Inserting the rec-ommended type of brake fluid as speci-fied in 49 CFR 571.116, e.g., DOT 3.)The lettering shall be:—(a) Permanently affixed, engraved, or embossed;(b) Located so as to be visible by di-rect view, either on or within 4 inches of the brake-fluid reservoir filler plug or cap; and(c) Of a color that contrasts with its background, if it is not engraved or embossed.S5.1.3Split service brake system. In addition to the equipment required by S5.1.2 each motorcycle equipped with a split service brake system shall have a failure indicator lamp as specified in S5.1.3.1.S5.1.3.1Failure indicator lamp.49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–01 Edition)§571.122(a) One or more electrically operated service brake system failure indicator lamps that is mounted in front of and in clear view of the driver, and that is activated—(1) In the event of pressure failure in any part of the service brake system, other than a structural failure of ei-ther a brake master cylinder body in a split integral body type master cyl-inder system or a service brake system failure indicator body, before or upon application of not more than 20 pounds of pedal force upon the service brake. (2) Without the application of pedal force, when the level of brake fluid in a master cylinder reservoir drops to less than the recommended safe level speci-fied by the manufacturer or to less than one-half the fluid reservoir capac-ity, whichever is the greater.(b) A ll failure indicator lamps shall be activated when the ignition switch is turned from the ‘‘off’’ to the ‘‘on’’ or to the ‘‘start’’ position.(c) Except for the momentary activa-tion required by S5.1.3.1(b), each indi-cator lamp, once activated, shall re-main activated as long as the condition exists, whenever the ignition switch is in the ‘‘on’’ position. A n indicator lamp activated when the ignition is turned to the ‘‘start’’ position shall be deactivated upon return of the switch to the ‘‘on’’ position unless a failure exists in the service brake system. (d) Each indicator lamp shall have a red lens with the legend ‘‘Brake Fail-ure’’ on or adjacent to it in letters not less than three thirty-seconds of an inch high that shall be legible to the driver in daylight when lighted.S5.1.4Parking brake. Each three-wheeled motorcycle shall be equipped with a parking brake of a friction type with a solely mechanical means to re-tain engagement.S5.1.5Other requirements. The brake system shall be installed so that the lining thickness of drum brake shoes may be visually inspected, either di-rectly or by use of a mirror without re-moving the drums, and so that disc brake friction lining thickness may be visually inspected without removing the pads.S5.2Service brake system—first (preburnish) effectiveness.S5.2.1Service brake system. The serv-ice brakes shall be capable of stopping the motorcycle from 30 m.p.h. and 60 m.p.h. within stopping distances which do not exceed the stopping distances specified in Column I of Table I (S7.3.1). S5.2.2Partial service brake system. Each independently actuated service brake system on each motorcycle shall be capable of stopping the motorcycle from 30 m.p.h. and 60 m.p.h. within stopping distances which do not exceed the stopping distances specified in Col-umn II of Table I (S7.3.2).S5.3Service brake system—second ef-fectiveness. The service brakes shall be capable of stopping the motorcycle from 30 m.p.h., 60 m.p.h., 80 m.p.h., and the multiple of 5 m.p.h. that is 4 m.p.h. to 8 m.p.h. less than the speed attain-able in 1 mile if this speed is 95 m.p.h. or greater, within stopping distances that do not exceed the stopping dis-tances specified in Column III of Table I (S7.5).S5.4Service brake system—fade and recovery. These requirements do not apply to a motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 m.p.h. or less.S5.4.1Baseline check—minimum and maximum pedal forces. The pedal and lever forces used in establishing the fade baseline check average shall be within the limits specified in S6.10 (S7.6.1).S5.4.2Fade. Each motorcycle shall be capable of making 10 fade stops from 60 m.p.h. at not less than 15 f.p.s.p.s. for each stop (S7.6.2).S5.4.3Fade recovery. Each motor-cycle shall be capable of making five recovery stops with a pedal force that does not exceed 90 pounds, and a hand lever force that does not exceed 55 pounds for any of the first four recov-ery stops and that for the fifth recov-ery stop is within plus 20 pounds and minus 10 pounds of the fade test base-line check average force (S7.6.3).S5.5Service brake system—final effec-tiveness. These requirements do not apply to a motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 mph or less.S5.5.1Service brake system. The serv-ice brakes shall be capable of stopping the motorcycle in a manner that com-plies with S5.3 (S7.8.1).Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT§571.122S5.5.2Hydraulic service brake sys-tem—partial failure. In the event of a pressure component leakage failure, other than a structural failure of ei-ther a brake master cylinder body in a split integral body type master cyl-inder system or a service brake system failure indicator body, the remaining portion of the service brake system shall continue to operate and shall be capable of stopping the motorcycle from 30 m.p.h. and 60 m.p.h. within stopping distances that do not exceed the stopping distances specified in Col-umn IV of Table I (S7.8.2).S5.6Parking brake system. The park-ing brake system shall be capable of holding the motorcycle stationary (to the limits of traction of the braked wheels), for 5 minutes, in both forward and reverse directions, on a 30 percent grade, with an applied force of not more than 90 pounds for a foot-oper-ated system and 55 pounds for a hand-operated system (S7.9).S5.7Service brake system—water re-covery.S5.7.1Baseline check. The pedal and lever forces used in establishing the water recovery baseline check average shall be within the limits specified in S6.10 (S7.10.1).S5.7.2Water recovery test. Each mo-torcycle shall be capable of making five recovery stops with a pedal force that does not exceed 90 pounds, and a hand lever force that does not exceed 55 pounds, for any of the first four recov-ery stops, and that for the fifth recov-ery stop, is within plus 20 pounds and minus 10 pounds of the baseline check average force (S7.10.2).S5.8Service brake system design dura-bility. Each motorcycle shall be capable of completing all braking requirements of S5 without detachment of brake lin-ings from the shoes or pad, detachment or fracture of any brake system compo-nents, or leakage of fluid or lubricant at the wheel cylinder, and master cyl-inder reservoir cover, seal, or retention device (S7.11).S6.1Vehicle weight. Motorcycle weight is unloaded vehicle weight plus 200 pounds (including driver and instru-mentation), with the added weight dis-tributed in the saddle or carrier if so equipped.S6.2Tire inflation pressure. Tire in-flation pressure is the pressure rec-ommended by the manufacturer for the vehicle weight specified in paragraph S6.1.S6.3Transmission. Unless otherwise specified, all stops are made with the clutch disengaged.S6.4Engine. Engine idle speed and ignition timing settings are according to the manufacturer’s recommenda-tions. If the vehicle is equipped with an adjustable engine speed governor, it is adjusted according to the manufactur-er’s recommendation.S6.5Ambient temperature. The ambi-ent temperature is between 32 °F. and 100 °F.S6.6Wind velocity. The wind velocity is zero.S6.7Road surface. Road tests are conducted on level roadway having a skid number of 81. The roadway is 8 feet wide for two-wheeled motorcycles, and overall vehicle width plus 5 feet for three-wheeled motorcycles. The park-ing brake test surface is clean, dry, smooth portland cement concrete.S6.8Vehicle position. The motorcycle is aligned in the center of the roadway at the start of each brake application. Stops are made without any part of the motorcycle leaving the roadway and without lockup of any wheel.S6.9Thermocouples. The brake tem-perature is measured by plug-type thermocouples installed in the approxi-mate center of the facing length and width of the most heavily loaded shoe or disc pad, one per brake, as shown in Figure 1.S6.10Brake actuation forces. Except for the requirements of the fifth recov-ery stop in S5.4.3 and S5.7.2 (S7.6.3 and S7.10.2) the hand lever force is not less than five and not more than 55 pounds and the foot pedal force is not less than 10 and not more than 90 pounds. The point of initial application of the lever forces is 1.2 inches from the end of the brake lever grip. The direction of the force is perpendicular to the handle grip on the plane along which the brake lever rotates, and the point of application of the pedal force is the center of the foot contact pad of the brake pedal. The direction of the force is perpendicular to the foot contact pad49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–01 Edition)§571.122on the plane along which the brake pedal rotates, as shown in Figure 2.S7. Test procedures and sequence. Each motorcycle shall be capable of meeting all the requirements of this standard when tested according to the proce-dures and in the sequence set forth below without replacing any brake sys-tem part, or making any adjustments to the brake system other than as per-mitted in S7.4. A motorcycle shall be deemed to comply with S5.2, S5.3 and S5.5 if at least one of the stops speci-fied in S7.3, S7.5 and S7.8 is made with-in the stopping distances specified in Table I.S7.1Braking warming. If the initial brake temperature for the first stop in a test procedure (other than S7.10) has not been reached, heat the brakes to the initial brake temperature by mak-ing up to 10 stops from 30 m.p.h. at a deceleration of not more than 10 f.p.s.p.s. On independently operated brake systems, the coldest brake shall be within 10 °F. of the hottest brake.S7.2Pretest instrumentation check. Conduct a general check of test instru-mentation by making not more than 10 stops from a speed of not more than 30 m.p.h. at a deceleration of not more than 10 f.p.s.p.s. If test instrument re-pair, replacement, or adjustment is necessary, make not more than 10 addi-tional stops after such repair, replace-ment or adjustment.S7.3Service brake system—first (preburnished) effectiveness test.S7.3.1Service brake system. Make six stops from 30 m.p.h. and then six stops from 60 m.p.h. with an initial brake temperature between 130 °F. and 150 °F. S7.3.2Partial service brake system. For a motorcycle with two independ-ently actuated service brake systems, repeat S7.3.1 using each service brake system individually.S7.4Service brake system—burnish procedure. Burnish the brakes by mak-ing 200 stops from 30 m.p.h. at 12 f.p.s.p.s. The braking interval shall be either the distance necessary to reduce the initial brake temperature to be-tween 130 °F. and 150 °F. or 1 mile, whichever occurs first. A ccelerate at maximum rate to 30 m.p.h. imme-diately after each stop and maintain that speed until making the next stop.A fter burnishing adjust the brakes in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation.S7.5Service brake system—second ef-fectiveness test. Repeat S7.3.1. Then, make four stops from 80 m.p.h. and four stops from the multiple of 5 m.p.h. that is 4 m.p.h. to 8 m.p.h. less than the speed attainable in 1 mile if that speed is 95 m.p.h. or greater.S7.6Service brake system—fade and recovery test. These requirements do not apply to a motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 m.p.h. or less.S7.6.1Baseline check stops. Make three stops from 30 m.p.h. at 10 to 11 f.p.s.p.s. for each stop. Compute the av-erage of the maximum brake pedal forces and the maximum brake lever forces required for the three stops.S7.6.2Fade stops. Make 10 stops from 60 m.p.h. at not less than 15 f.p.s.p.s. for each stop. The initial brake tem-perature before the first brake applica-tion shall be between 130 °F. and 150 °F. Initial brake temperatures before brake applications for subsequent stops shall be those occurring at the distance intervals. Attain the required decelera-tion as quickly as possible and main-tain at least this rate for not less than three-fourths of the total stopping dis-tance for each stop. The interval be-tween the starts of service brake appli-cations shall be 0.4 mile. Drive 1 mile at 30 m.p.h. after the last fade stop and immediately conduct the recovery test specified in S7.6.3.S7.6.3Recovery test. Make five stops from 30 m.p.h. at 10 to 11 f.p.s.p.s. for each stop. The braking interval shall not be more than 1 mile. Immediately after each stop accelerate at maximum rate to 30 m.p.h. and maintain that speed until making the next stop.S7.7Service brake system—reburnish. Repeat S7.4 except make 35 burnish stops instead of 200 stops. Brakes may be adjusted after reburnish if no tools are used. These requirements do not apply to a motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 m.p.h. or less.S7.8Service brake system—final effec-tiveness test. These requirements do not apply to a motor-driven cycle whose speed attainable in 1 mile is 30 m.p.h. or less.Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT§571.122S7.8.1Service brake system. RepeatS7.5 including S7.3.1.S7.8.2Partial service brake systemtest. Alter the service brake system onthree-wheeled motorcycles to induce acomplete loss of braking in any onesubsystem. Determine the line pressureor pedal force necessary to cause thebrake system failure indicator to oper-ate. Make six stops from 30 m.p.h. andthen six stops from 60 m.p.h. with aninitial brake temperature between 130°F. and 150 °F. Repeat for each sub-system. Determine that the brake fail-ure indicator is operating when themaster cylinder fluid level is less thanthe level specified in S5.1.3.1(a)(2), andthat it complies with S5.1.3.1(c). Checkfor proper operation with each res-ervoir in turn at a low level. Restorethe service brake system to normal atcompletion of this test.S7.9Parking brake test. Startingwith an initial brake temperature ofnot more than 150 °F., drive the motor-cycle downhill on the 30 percent gradewith the longitudinal axis of the mo-torcycle in the direction of the grade.A pply the service brakes with a forcenot exceeding 90 pounds to stop themotorcycle and place the transmission in neutral. Apply the parking brake by exerting a force not exceeding those specified in S5.6. Release the service brake and allow the motorcycle to re-main at rest (to the limit of traction of the braked wheels) for 5 minutes. Re-peat the test with the motorcycle parked in the reversed (uphill) position on the grade.S7.10Service brake system—water re-covery test.S7.10.1Baseline check stops. Make three stops from 30 m.p.h. at 10 to 11 f.p.s.p.s. for each stop. Compute the av-erage of the maximum brake pedal forces and of the maximum brake lever forces required for the three stops.S7.10.2Wet brake recovery stops. Completely immerse the rear brake as-sembly of the motorcycle in water for 2 minutes with the brake fully re-leased. Next completely immerse the front brake assembly of the motorcycle in water for 2 minutes with the brake fully released. Perform the entire wet-ting procedure in not more than 7 min-utes. Immediately after removal of the front brake from water, accelerate at a maximum rate to 30 mi/h without a brake application. Immediately upon reaching that speed make five stops, each from 30 mi/h at 10 to 11 ft/s2for each stop. A fter each stop (except the last) accelerate the motorcycle imme-diately at a maximum rate to 30 mi/h and begin the next stop.S7.11Final inspection. Upon comple-tion of all the tests inspect the brake system in an assembled condition, for compliance with the brake lining in-spection requirements. Disassemble all brakes and inspect:(a) The entire brake system for de-tachment or fracture of any compo-nent.(b) Brake linings for detachment from the shoe or pad.(c) Wheel cylinder, master cylinder, and axle seals for fluid or lubricant leakage.(d) Master cylinder for reservoir ca-pacity and retention device.(e) Master cylinder label for compli-ance with S5.1.2.2.T ABLE I—S TOPPING D ISTANCES FOR E FFECTIVENESS, F ADE AND P ARTIAL S YSTEM T ESTSVehicle test speed, m.p.h.Stopping distance, feet—Effectiveness testsPreburnish effec-tiveness total sys-tem (S5.2.1)—IPreburnish effec-tiveness partialmechanical sys-tems (S5.2.2)—IIEffectiveness totalsystem (S5.4)(SS5.7.1)—IIIEffectiveness par-tial hydraulic sys-tems (S5.7.2)—IV15 (13301125)20 (24541944)25 (37843068)30 (541214397)35 (7416558132)40 (9621675173)45 (12127395218)50 (150337128264)55 (181407155326)60 (216484185388)65 (217455)49 CFR Ch. V (10–1–01 Edition)§571.122T ABLE I—S TOPPING D ISTANCES FOR E FFECTIVENESS, F ADE AND P ARTIAL S YSTEM T ESTS—ContinuedVehicle test speed, m.p.h.Stopping distance, feet—Effectiveness testsPreburnish effec-tiveness total sys-tem (S5.2.1)—IPreburnish effec-tiveness partialmechanical sys-tems (S5.2.2)—IIEffectiveness totalsystem (S5.4)(SS5.7.1)—IIIEffectiveness par-tial hydraulic sys-tems (S5.7.2)—IV70 (264527)75 (303606)80 (345689)85 (389778)90 (484872)95 (540971)100 (5981076)105 (6591188)110 (7231302)115 (7911423)120 (8611549)T ABLE II—B RAKE T EST S EQUENCE AND R EQUIREMENTSSequence L.C.Test procedure Requirements1. Instrumentation check...................................................................................................S7.2..............................2. First (Preburnish) effectiveness test:(a) Service brake system...........................................................................................S7.3.1S5.2.1(b) Partial service brake system................................................................................S7.3.2S5.2.23. Burnish procedure.........................................................................................................S7.4..............................4. Second effectiveness test.............................................................................................S7.5S5.35. First fade and recovery test..........................................................................................S7.6S5.46. Reburnish......................................................................................................................S7.7..............................7. Final effectiveness test:(a) Service brake system...........................................................................................S7.8.1S5.5.1(b) Partial service brake system................................................................................S7.8.2S5.5.28. Parking brake test (three-wheeled motorcycles only)..................................................S7.9S5.69. Water recovery test.......................................................................................................S7.10S5.710. Design durability..........................................................................................................S7.11S5.8Nat’l Highway Traffic Safety Admin., DOT§571.12249 CFR Ch. V (10–1–01 Edition)§571.123(Authority: Delegation of authority at 38 FR 12147; secs. 102, 103, 119, Pub. L. 89–563, 80 Stat. 718 (15 U.S.C. 1391, 1392, 1407); delega-tions of authority at 49 CFR 1.50 and 49 CFR 501.8)[37 FR 5034, Mar. 9, 1972, as amended at 37 FR 11974, June 16, 1972; 38 FR 14753, June 5, 1973;39 FR 32914, Sept. 12, 1974; 39 FR 43075, Dec. 10, 1974; 41 FR 24593, June 17, 1976; 43 FR 9606, Mar. 9, 1978; 43 FR 46548, Oct. 10, 1978]E FFECTIVE D ATE N OTE: At 66 FR 42617, Aug. 14, 2001, §571.122 was amended by revising paragraphs S5.4.3, S5.7.2, adding S6., and re-vising the first sentence of S6.10, effective A ug. 14, 2002. For the convenience of the user, the revised and added text is set forth as follows:§571.122Standard No. 122; Motorcycle brak-ing systems.* * * * *S5.4.3Fade recovery. Each motorcycle shall be capable of making five recovery stops with a pedal force that does not exceed 400 Newtons (90 pounds), and a hand lever force that does not exceed 245 Newtons (55 pounds) for any of the first four recovery stops and that for the fifth recovery stop, is within, plus 89 Newtons (20 pounds) and minus 44 Newtons (10 pounds) of the fade test baseline check average force (S7.6.3), but not less than 0 Newtons (0 pounds).* * * * *S5.7.2Water recovery test. Each motorcycle shall be capable of making five recovery stops with a pedal force that does not exceed 400 Newtons (90 pounds), and hand lever force that does not exceed 245 Newtons (55 pounds), for any of the first four recovery stops, and that for the fifth recovery stop, is within, plus 89 Newtons (20 pounds) and minus 44 Newtons (10 pounds) of the water recovery baseline check average force (S7.10.2), but not less than 0 Newtons (0 pounds).* * * * *S6Test conditions. The requirements of S5 shall be met under the following conditions. Where a range of conditions is specified, the motorcycle shall be capable of meeting the requirements at all points within the range.* * * * *S6.10Brake actuation forces. Except for the requirements of the fifth recovery stop in S5.4.3 and S5.7.2 (S7.6.3 and S7.10.2), the hand lever force is not less than 10 Newtons (2.3 pounds) and not more than 245 Newtons (55 pounds) and the foot pedal force is not less than 25 Newtons (5.6 pounds) and not more than 400 Newtons (90 pounds). **** * * * *§571.123Standard No. 123; Motorcycle controls and displays.S1. Scope. This standard specifies re-quirements for the location, operation, identification, and illumination of mo-torcycle controls and displays, and re-quirements for motorcycle stands and footrests.S2. Purpose. The purpose of this standard is to minimize accidents caused by operator error in responding to the motoring environment, by standardizing certain motorcycle con-trols and displays.S3. Application. This standard applies to motorcycles equipped with handle-bars, except for motorcycles that are designed, and sold exclusively for use by law enforcement agencies.S4. Definitions. Clockwise and counter-clockwise mean opposing directions of rotation around the following axes, as applicable.(a) The operational axis of the igni-tion control, viewed from in front of the ignition lock opening;(b) The axis of the right handlebar on which the twist-grip throttle is lo-cated, viewed from the end of that han-dlebar;(c) The axis perpendicular to the cen-ter of the speedometer, viewed from the operator’s normal eye position.S5.Requirements.S5.1. Each motorcycle shall be equipped with a supplemental engine stop control, located and operable as specified in Table 1.S5.2Each motorcycle to which this standard applies shall meet the fol-lowing requirements:S5.2.1Control location and operation. If any item of equipment listed in Table 1, Column 1, is provided, the con-trol for such item shall be located as specified in Column 2, and operable as specified in Column 3. Each control lo-cated on a right handlebar shall be op-erable by the operator’s right hand throughout its full range without re-moval of the operator’s right hand from the throttle. Each control located on a left handlebar shall be operable by the operator’s left hand throughout its。

美国联邦机动车安全系统实用实用标准FMVSS

62
86-A
1977及其后型号年的轻型车辆，轻型货车，重型柴油车排污法规一般规定
63
86-E
1978及其后型号年新摩托车排气污染法规的一般规定
64
86-F
1987及其后型号年新摩托车排气污染规程试验规程
65
205
交通噪声污染的控制设备
66
205-B
中型和重型载货汽车
67
205-E
摩托车排气系统
68
325
33
FMVSS204
转向控制装置的向后位移
34
FMVSS205
玻璃材料
35
FMVSS206
车门锁及车门固定组件
36
FMVSS207
座椅系统
37
FMVSS208
乘员碰撞保护
38
FMVSS209
座椅安全带总成
39
FMVSS210
座椅安全带总成固定点
40
FMVSS211
车轮螺母、轮辐和轮彀盖
41
FMVSS212
风窗玻璃的安装
42
FMVSS213
儿童约束系统
43
FMVSS214
侧ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ强度
44
FMVSS215
（备用）
45
FMVSS216
轿车车顶抗压强度
46
FMVSS217
客车紧急岀口及车窗的固定与松放
47
FMVSS218
摩托车头盔
48
FMVSS219
风窗玻璃区的干扰
45
FMVSS220
学童客车侧倾的防护
FMVSS221
翻新充气轮胎
18
FMVSS118

FMVSS123摩托车控制与显示中文版

照明- 2 栏
操作- 3 栏
有
车头灯工作时该仪表点亮
绿色指示灯选挡器位于‘空’时，该仪表点亮
表 3 摩托车操纵件和仪表标识要求
1栏
2栏
3栏
4栏
序号
设备
操纵件和仪表操纵件和仪标识字表标识符号
操纵件和仪合适位置的表标
1
点火器
点火器
—
关
2
辅助引擎刹车器（关，运行）
引擎制动器
关，运行
3
手动阻风门或混合气加浓
表 1 摩托车操纵件位置与操作要求
设备操纵件- 1 栏
位置-2 栏
操作-3 栏
1 手动离合器或者离合左把手
握紧打开离合器
换档器结合体
2 脚换档器
左脚控制件操作员脚尖向上动作传递动力到低数字档位
（通称高档），向下动作到高数字档位（通称抵
挡）。如果有 3 个或更多档位，应当不能直接从
最高挡换到最低挡，反之亦然。
3 车头灯上下光束控制左把手
向上控制高位光束，向下控制低位光束。如果
器
该设备与车头灯开关接合，应当采取措施防止
无意中开动‘关’功能。
4 喇叭
有
按压起动
5 转向信号灯
把手
6 点火
关' --从其它位置逆时针旋转
7 手动油门关闭控制器
旋转操作。‘开’‘关’由 90 度旋转分开；‘关’
‘倒车’由 90 度旋转分开。顺序是开－关－倒。
571.123 第 123 条标准摩托车操纵件和仪表 S1 范围本标准详述了摩托车操纵件和仪表的位置、操作、标识和照明的要求，以及车架和脚踏板的要求。 S2 目的本标准目的是通过把特定的摩托车操纵件和仪表标准化，将由交通环境下误操作而引起的事故减到最少。 S3 适用本标准适用于装备有把手的摩托车，但是单独为执法部门设计并销售的车辆除外 S4 定义顺时针和逆时针指的是围绕下列可适用的轴而旋转的相反方向：（a）从点火锁孔前方看，点火控制件的操纵轴（b）旋转油门所在右把手轴，从该把手末端看（c）从操作员正常眼睛位置看，垂直于车速表中心的轴 S5 要求 S5.1 所有摩托车都应当配备有辅助引擎制动操纵件，其位置和操作如图表 1 所示 S5.2 本标准适用范围内的摩托车都应当满足下列要求： S5.2.1 操控件位置与操作如果有表 1 第 1 栏所列的设备，其操纵件应当位于第 2 栏所列的位置并按照第 3 栏规定操作。任何位于右把手上的操纵件，操作员只用右手不离开油门就可以进行全部范围内的操作；任何位于左把手上的操纵件，操作员只用左手不离开把手就可以进行全部范围内的操作。带自动离合器的摩托车如果装有辅助后刹车控制件，该操纵件应当位于左把手。如果摩托车装有使用一个控制器控制前后刹车器的自动配比或防锁制动设备，其控制器的位置与操作应当与后刹车控制器相同。 S5.2.2 仪表照明和操作如果装有表 2 第 2 栏中的设备，该设备仪表应当在白天日光状态下对操作员可见，并如第 2 栏规定照亮且按照第 3 栏规定操作。 S5.2.3 操纵件和仪表标识如摩托车装备有表 3 第 1 栏所列之设备，本设备及其操作功能应当如下标示：（a）用第 3 栏的符号，或（b）第 2 和第 4 栏所示的文字，或（c）第 3 栏符号与第 2 和第 4 栏的文字接合（d）第 2 和第 4 栏中出现的缩写如‘mph’‘km/h’‘r/min’‘Hi’‘Lo’‘L’ ‘R’‘Res’等可以用全拼。可以提供第 2 和第 4 栏中没有列出的设备符号与文字说明所以提供的标识都应当位于或靠近操纵件或者仪表位置，并正直冲向操作员。 S5.2.4 支架摩托车前进时，如支架接触到地面，则应当向后向上折起。 S5.2.5 脚登每个设计的座位都应当提供脚登。除驾驶员脚登外，所有脚登不用时都应当向上向后折起。

摩托车ABS系统在低附着系数路面的测试方法研究(1)

040摩托车ABS 系统在低附着系数路面的测试方法研究(1)Abstract: With the promotion and implementation of the new motorcycle braking standard, many domestic motorcycle enterprises and testing institutes have focused on the research on the test of ABS Braking System. The GB 20073-2018 Performance and Measurement Method for Braking of Motorcycle and Mopeds stipulates that the equipment of ABS in braking system of high-end motorcycle is necessary. The test requirements and methods for low-adhesion pavement are one of the difﬁculties in the whole project.This article puts forward the testing experience and methods through the research standard and testing methods.Key words: Motorcycle ABS Low adhesion road surfaceZou Liqun Wu Chengjin(Shanghai Motor Vehicle Testing and Certiﬁcation Technology Research Center Co. Ltd.)Study on Test Method of Motorcycle ABS System onLow Adhesion Road Surface(1)摘要：摩托车制动新标准的推广实施，已将国内众多摩托车企业和检测机构的注意力迅速聚焦到ABS 制动系统的测试研究上。

美国DOT汽车安全技术法规资料(FMVSS)

DOT认证制度美国汽车安全技术法规FMVSS美国是世界上法律法规体系最完备的国家之一，政府从维护整个社会和公众的利益出发，将汽车产品的设计与制造纳入社会管理的法律体系中，对汽车产品的设计和制造专门立法，授权汽车安全、环保、防盗和节能的主管部门制定汽车技术法规，并按照汽车技术法规对汽车产品实施法制化的管理制度，实现政府对汽车产品在安全、环保、防盗和节能方面的有效控制。

美国联邦政府根据国会通过的有关法律，如《国家交通及机动车安全法》《机动运载车法》《机动车情报和成本节约法》《噪声控制法》《大气污染防治法》及《机动车辆防盗法实施令》等为依据，分别授权美国运输部（Dot）和美国环境保护署（EPA）制定并实施有关汽车安全、环保、防盗和节能方面的汽车法规，以达到政府对汽车产品安全、环保、防盗和节能这几方面有效的控制。

本文现专门就美国汽车安全技术法规的制修订和实施工作的最新发展情况进行介绍。

1．美国联邦机动车安全标准（FMVSS）1966年9月，美国颁布实施《国家交通及机动车安全法》，授权美国运输部（DOT）对乘用车、多用途乘用车、载货车、挂车、大客车、学校客车、摩托车，以及这些车辆的装备和部件制定并实施联邦机动车安全标准（Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.简称FMVSS）。

任何车辆或装备部件如果与FMVSS不符合，不得为销售的目的而生产，不得销售或引入美国州际商业系统，不得进口。

根据目前《国家交通及机动车安全法》最新修订本的规定，对违反此法要求的制造商或个人，美国地区法院(district court)最高可以处以1500万美元罚款的民事处罚，对造成人员死亡或严重身体伤害的机动车或装备安全缺陷隐瞒不报，或制造虚假报告的制造商将追究刑事责任，最高刑事处罚为15年有期徒刑。

在美国《国家交通及机动车安全法》的授权下，由美国运输部国家公路交通安全管理局具体负责制定、实施联邦机动车安全标准，它们都被收录在"联邦法规集"（Code of Federal Regulation, 简称CFR）第49篇第571部分。

美国汽车安全技术法规（FMVSS）中文版

美国汽车安全技术法规（FMVSS）中文版101-控制器和显示器摘要-本标准要求基本控制器位于当驾驶员被腰带限制以及躯干上部也被限制的情况下能够触手可及的地方。

同时要求确定的安装在仪表盘的控制程序能够被识别。

要求-必须确定所有手动操作控制都要用文字标识。

除脚踏式控制或安装在转向柱上的手动操作控制器之外，无论何时前照灯打开时，基本的控制识别和显示系统必须被照亮。

必须确定某些必要的手工操作控制器和某些显示系统都要有一个标识显现出来，而且这些标识能够被照亮。

每辆乘用车，多用途乘用车，卡车和公共汽车所装的控制器，指示器或指示灯栏在表1或表2（PDF格式），必须符合本标准要求的位置，标识，颜色，和照明的要求。

指示器照明亮度（a）指必需为指示器提供照明，足以使驾驶员在夜间和白天行驶的状况下可以看到他们。

（b）提供所需可视的同时，设备应该可以手动或自动的进行调节，除了制动器，大灯，转向灯，安全带的指示器和识别装置在任何驾驶条件下不应调节到不可视的情况，室内灯的亮度（一）任何内源照（1）光照强度，手动或自动调节，提供至少两个级别的亮度;（2）其中之一是很弱的光线强度，对已经适应黑暗环境道路状况的驾驶员可辨别；（3）作为一种手段关闭。

颜色-表1（PDF格式）中所示的每个指示装置的灯光必须是独特的，在该表中的第6栏已给出。

没有在表中1中（PDF格式）的任何指标灯或指示器的标识的灯光颜色不能影响到驾驶员辨别。

102-变速器换挡杆顺序摘要：该标准特别强调变速器换挡顺序，起动机的互锁机构和变速器，以减少换挡错误的可能性。

在变数器档位在驱动挡位置时启动，并能提供在速度低于40公里/小时（25英里）的辅助制动。

乘用车变速器换挡位置的布置：空挡位置应该在前进和倒挡中间。

105-液压和电动制动系统摘要：本标准规定车辆配备液压和电动制动系统以及相关的停车制动系统，以确保在正常条件下和紧急情况下能够安全制动。

要求：制动距离。

（a）制动器应该能够使额定车辆总重不超过8000磅的车辆安全的停车。

美国DOT汽车安全技术法规资料(FMVSS)

本文现专门就美国汽车安全技术法规的制修订和实施工作的最新发展情况进行介绍。

任何车辆或装备部件如果与FMVSS不符合，不得为销售的目的而生产，不得销售或引入美国州际商业系统，不得进口。

美国联邦机动车安全标准FMVSS

33
FMVSS204
转向控制装置的向后位移
34
FMVSS205
玻璃材料
35
FMVSS206
车门锁及车门固定组件
36
FMVSS207
座椅系统
37
FMVSS208
乘员碰撞保护
38
FMVSS209
座椅安全带总成
39
FMVSS210
座椅安全带总成固定点
40
FMVSS211
车轮螺母、轮辐和轮彀盖
41
FMVSS212
62
86-A
1977及其后型号年的轻型车辆，轻型货车，重型柴油车排污法规一般规定
63
86-E
1978及其后型号年新摩托车排气污染法规的一般规定
64
86-F
1987及其后型号年新摩托车排气污染规程试验规程
65
205
交通噪声污染的控制设备
66
205-B
中型和重型载货汽车
67
205-E
摩托车排气系统
68
325
符合洲际机动运输车辆噪声辐射标准
69
325-A
一般规定
70
325-B
管理规定
71
325-C
测试设备
72
325-D
噪声辐射测量公路运行
73
325-E
噪声辐射测量停车试验
74
325-F
修正值
75
325-G
排气系统和轮胎
照明装置、反射器和电器设备
53
393-C
制动
54
393-D
窗用玻璃与车窗结构
55
393-E
燃料系统
56
393-F

两轮摩托车CBS制动系统简介

两轮摩托车CBS联动制动系统简介众所周知，制动系统是确保摩托车安全行驶最为关键的主动安全装置，所以摩托车制动系统的基本要求就是:无论摩托车在任何车速、载荷、高低附着系数路面以及气候等条件下，确保驾驶员在制动过程中可以通过简单的操作实现车辆平稳、迅速的减速，直至停车。

传统的两轮摩托车大多数采用前、后独立的制动系统，装有这种制动系统的摩托车在制动过程中，要想获得较大的制动减速度就必须合理的分配手、脚的操作力，使前、后轮胎充分利用路面的附着系数，但是实际生活中，用户很难做到前、后轮制动力的合理分配，然而对于摩托车来说，制动过程中根据车辆负载的状况、道路路面的附着系数以及车辆轮胎的磨损情况等综合因素分配制动力又是很重要的，例如，如果单独使用前轮制动，前轮便有可能出现抱死，进而丧失转向能力以及车辆翘头，导致重大的翻车事故；如果单独使用后轮制动，不但制动效能低下，而且有可能导致后轮抱死，容易造成车辆侧滑；如果前、后同时制动，当制动过程中制动力足够大时候，制动过程一般会出现后轮先行抱死，造成轮胎在地面摩擦，但是在制动过程中出现后轮抱死是件危险的事情。

所以如何合理的分配前、后制动力，使高速行驶的摩托车在紧急情况时安全、尽快、平稳的停车显得格外重要。

目前，ABS技术在高端两轮摩托车上的应用已经较为广泛，虽然该技术的应用大大提高两轮摩托车的制动安全性能，但是昂贵的价格普通消费者难以承受。

因此，设计一套操作简单、制动力分配合理且价格便宜的两轮摩托车联动制动系统就显得格外重要。

近年来，一种新型的一体化前、后轮联动制动系统（Combinde brake system,简称为CBS）已经研制出来，并且进行了实际的车辆试验，试验结果表明该装置具有较高的减速性能。

本文就CBS制动系统进行简述，CBS制动系统是可以通过单一的手或脚实现前、后轮同时制动，通过前、后轮制动力的合理分配，从而获得较高的制动效率，进而得得较大的制动减速度，减小车辆制动距离，确保高速运行的车辆安全、尽快、平稳的停车。

FMVSS 222 中文版

§571.222Standard No.222;School bus passenger seating and crash protection.S1.Scope.This standard establishes occupant protection requirements for school bus passenger seating and restraining barriers.S1.标题：本标准是基于校车乘员座椅和碰撞障碍物而建立的。

S2.Purpose.The purpose of this standard is to reduce the number of deaths and the severity of injuries that result from the impact of school bus occupants against structures within the vehicle during crashes and sudden driving maneuvers.S2.目的：本标准的目的是减少校车车体在碰撞或者驾驶应急操作的情况下对学生造成死亡及重伤的人数。

S3.Application.This standard applies to school buses.S3.应用范围：本标准是针对校车的。

S4.Definitions.定义及术语：Contactable surface means any surface within the zone specified in S5.3.1.1that is contactable from any direction by the test device described in S6.6,except any surface on the front of a seat back or restraining barrier76 mm or more below the top of the seat back or Restraining barrier护板.Contactable surface是指由S5.3.1.1规定的区域平面，在S6.6试验任何方向接触的区域，除了在座椅靠背或护板顶部以下的，座椅靠背或者护板前部超过76mm以外的区域。

1222列车制动2

• 即 n=∑K理/P
（1）
式中 ∑K理－按杠杆比算得的闸瓦理想压力总和
P－活塞杆作用力
制动缸活塞杆作用力P通过制动缸杠杆的作用，在上拉杆引起拉力P1, 再通过转向架杠杆的作用，产生对二位轴制动梁和装于其上的两个闸瓦托的推力P2,
P2 P1• c d P • a • c d
（2）
d
（5）制动与否只取决于列车管减压量而于减压速度无关，即“缓慢减压也制动”。由于主活塞是橡
胶磨板式的，充气止回阀也不允许工作风缸向列车管逆流，因此，只要一直减下去，最后总可以形成足以推动主活塞的压差。但是，这也不是绝对的，如果主活塞是金属胀圈式而且又有充气沟，如下图2 －6（a）所示，则三压力制动机也一样可以具有缓解稳如定果性在（下缓图慢2－减6压（不b）制中动，）用。定压弹簧13取代
了工作风缸，充气沟也相应地被取消。这样一来,
不但又具有“缓慢减压也制动”的特征。
由此可见，制动机性能的软和硬也是相对的。不能说三压力就都是硬性制动机，二压力就都是软性制动机。它们也是可以转化的，都可以变成半软半硬的制动机。
二、列车管空气压强对制动缸的间接控制
1、不论二压力还是三压力的制动机，制动缸的制动和缓解都是由列车管空气压强和主活塞动作直接控制的，结构比较简单。也称直接作用式的制动机。由于长大下坡道“交互凉闸”的需要，机车
§4－1 种类、制动倍率、传动效率
一、种类 1、按闸瓦的配置可分为“单侧制动”和“双侧制动”
两种。 2、按传动机构的配置可分为“散开式”和“单元式”
两种。见图1－12和图1－13。
二、制动倍率
• 制动缸活塞杆作用力经过杠杆机构传到闸瓦时，由于杠杆作用扩大的理想倍数，称为“制动倍率”用 n表示。见下图1－15所示

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

571.122 标准号122：摩托车制动系统S1.范围此标准明确了摩托车制动系统的性能要求。

S2.目的此标准的目的是确保摩托车在通常及紧急情况下的安全性能。

S3.应用此标准应用于摩托车。

S4.定义制动间距指从一次制动的开始到下一次制动的开始的距离制动初始温度指任一次行车制动前0.2英里时温度最高的制动膜片的温度。

滑移数指根据美国实验与材料协会（ASTM）办法E-271-70(1974年7月修订)测定的40mph时的道路摩擦阻力（忽略供水因素，该方法在7.1 和7.2中论述）停车距离指从开始制动处到车辆停止处之间的距离分立行车制动系统指由两个或以上被一个独立控制器开动的子系统构成的制动系统，这样因分压量造成的一个子系统中的渗漏（除对所有子系统都常见的套管结构缺陷外）不会影响其他子系统的工作。

S5.要求每辆摩托车，在以S7中所述流程测试时，都应遵循S6中所述情况下的要求。