2020年河南农业大学翻译硕士考研笔记及问题解答
2020年 英语(一)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】 A.on解析：在某一天，用介词on.【2】 B.Match解析：考察动词，很少有别的美食愉悦可以与之媲美，只有这个符合原文。
【3】 A.enjoyment解析：由this 可知回指上文的pleasure.【4】 C.guarantee解析：空前这种愉悦应该成为另外一种罪恶愉悦，后文是损害健康，所以应该是肯定会损害我们的健康。
【5】 D.issued解析：考察动词，英国食品标准局(FSA)应该是公开或者发布警告。
【6】 A. at解析：和温度搭配只能用at。
【7】 C.avoid解析：上文提到这种化合物在高温下烹饪的一些食物中会形成以及会损害健康，所以应该是要避免这类食物。
【8】 D.partially解析：考察副词，修饰toast烤，前文提到要避免这类烧烤土豆片，拒绝薄皮披萨，所以只能是部分烤面包。
【9】 D. while解析：研究表明丙烯酰胺会对小鼠造成神经损伤和没有确凿的证据表明它会对人类造成癌症之间存在让步关系，所以选择while尽管。
【10】B. conclusive解析：考察形容词，修饰证据，只有conclusive 确凿的最符合语境。
【11】B. likely解析：后文提到没有科学证据，所以前文应该是可能致癌likely.【12】D. on the basic of解析：根据语义，应该是基于预防原则，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是明智的，所以选择D。
【13】A. advisable解析：考察形容词，根据语义，应该是遵循建议是明智的。
【14】C. after all解析：考察逻辑联系词，后文提到吸烟导致癌症的传言已经流传了多年，所以此处毕竟更合适。
解析：上文一直提到的是高温下烧烤的食物应该可能会损害我们健康，所以食物和【15】B. connection致癌之间应该存在的是联系，其他选项不符。
2020年全国研究生入学统一考试真题及答案解析(英语二)
2020年全国研究生入学统一考试试题及答案解析（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single mo ment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
2020年考研英语二解析：翻译
2020年考研英语二解析：翻译2020届全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲于2020年9月18日与各位考生见面。
其中，翻译部分与2020届全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲相比，无明显变化。
下面就大纲中对翻译部分的考查要求与规定实行详细解析，以便考生在复习翻译时方向更加明确，目标更加清晰，内容更有针对性。
希望对考生的复习有所协助。
一、大纲内容：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的水平。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共15分。
二、考查标准解析：1．准确--忠实于原文。
对原文的准确理解是一篇优质译文的前提。
要求译文内容不能与原文所表达的内容有出入或相违背，否则一定会影响译文得分。
评分标准中要求，如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
2．通顺--译文符合汉语表达习惯。
在准确理解原文的前提下，把所理解的译文按照中文的表达习惯，表达出来。
译成汉语后，译文一定要读得懂，读得通。
3．完整--无漏译。
要求考生对原文的内容完整地实行翻译，不得有遗漏。
如有遗漏，评卷老师会酌情减分。
注：若不完整，译出的部分可给分。
三、考查内容：1、专有名词、词组和多义词的翻译；专有名词、词组和多义词是翻译中对词考查的重要内容。
翻译时，高频专有名词，按照约定俗成的方法翻译；非的专有名词，采取音译或音译+括号英文的方法翻译；不熟悉的专有名词，直接照抄英文即可。
词组的翻译需要考生注意平时的积累，理解和熟记。
多义词词义的选择可根据语境联系上下文猜测词义；根据词根词缀选择猜测生词的词义；根据汉语的习惯搭配来翻译。
2、翻译策略使用：词义选择+语序调整；考研翻译中重点考查学生在不同语境中对词义的理解，以及语义组合和语言表达的准确性和通顺性。
所以，在翻译时，学生要注意不同语境中词义的选择，表达的译文要符合汉语的表达习惯和中国人的逻辑思维习惯。
2020年考研英语(二)译文
2020年考研英语(二)译文一、考研英语(二)译文概述2020年考研英语(二)的题目共分为两部分：翻译和作文。
其中，翻译部分占据了50分，作文部分占据了30分。
本文将对2020年考研英语(二)的翻译部分进行详细解读和分析，并提供一份高质量的译文。
二、2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分解析2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分的原文选自《纽约时报》中的一篇文章，主要讨论了环境保护和人类行为对地球的影响。
这篇文章融合了环境科学、社会学和人类行为学的内容，具有一定的难度和深度。
该翻译部分要求考生准确理解原文内容，同时具备较强的英文译文能力。
译文不仅要准确表达原文的意思，还要符合中文表达习惯，流畅自然。
在翻译时，考生需要注意原文中的句式结构、逻辑关系和修辞技巧，力求将原文的信息和情感都准确传达出来。
另外，译文中还要求避免机械翻译和生硬的表达，需具备一定的语言驾驭能力和创造力。
三、2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分译文下面是2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分的译文：Earth has been a generous mother, always providing our needs withoutpl本人nt. But now it is on the verge of collapse because of the human behaviors. Earth's demise cannot be stopped unless human beings put the environment before themselves. The most pressing problem now is the fact that people are throwing away more than they recycle, causing mount本人ns of refuse to bury cities. Humans have created a legacy of garbage that will rem本人n for the future generations. Mistreated rivers and oceans are filled with pollution, greatly altering the habitat for fish and wildlife. Earth's forests, which provide so much of the 本人r, water and sanctuary for countless creatures, are disappearing as well. If humans do not make substantial changes, it will be difficult, if not impossible for Mother Earth to provide everything we need for our survival.四、结语以上便是2020年考研英语(二)翻译部分的译文以及相关解析。
2020年新编翻译硕士MTI各校翻译基础词汇互译真题整理名师精品资料.
2012翻译硕士MTI各校翻译基础词汇互译真题整理编号一.对外经贸大学AMIS 声讯交互规范(Audio Message Interactive Specification)DPOB（ date and place of birth）出生时间和地点农业管理信息系统(Agricultural Management Information System)BHD 黑鹰坠落(Black Hawk Down)CBRC（The China Banking Regulatory Commission）中国银行业监督管理委员会FEM有限元法(The Finite Element Method)MTN多边贸易谈判MSP (Managing Successful Programme)成功的项目群管理NNW国民福利指标（Net National Welfare ）PAO Periodicals Archive Online (典藏学术期刊全文数据库)SAC中国证券业协会（The Securities Association Of China）debenture 债券 balance sheet 资产负债表 tax agent 税务代理人international arbitration 国际仲裁 gross weight 毛重或总重generalized system of preference 普惠制fixed cost固定成本 stock listings股票上市 random access随机存取 profit before tax 税前利润按揭 Mortgage 薄利多销SPQR small profits, quick returns 补贴 subsidy 动产抵押（Chattel Mortgage）进口报关单declaration for importation 房地产（Real Estate）分包合同subcontract 股息dividend国民待遇national treatment 市场调查market research编号二.北京大学1. Academy award 学院奖:奥斯卡金像奖2.animated movie 动画电影3. avant-garde 先锋派4. Byzantium拜占庭5. Civilian 平民?6. Cubism立体主义7. Catholicism 天主教8. Expo 博览会9. Bermuda Triangle百慕大三角10. Consumerism 消费主义,用户至上主义11. East End (英国)伦敦东区东伦敦12. Beatles 披头士13. Contributor捐助者投稿者14. Broadway 百老汇大街15. autograph亲笔签名1. 未来主义futurism2. 头版新闻front page news3. 蜜月honeymoon4. 香格里拉shangrella/ Shangri-La5. 人力资源 human resourse6. 碳酸饮料soda drinks/ carbonated drink7. 学士学位bachelor degree8. 特洛伊木马Trojan horse9. 垃圾文化rubbish culture10. 中古英语the Middle English11.《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》Guinness Book of World Records12. 荒诞派戏剧(The Theatre of the Absurd13. 迷惘的一代 the Lost generation14. 手稿manuscript编号三. 北二外1.红楼梦 A Dream in Red Mansions2.寿桃peaches offered as a birthday present3.春卷spring roll4.国有企业state-owned business5.国库券treasury bonds6.国家外汇储蓄national foreign exchange reserve7.综合国力comprehensive national strength8.义务教育compulsory education9.温带大陆性气候temperate continental climate10.短篇小说short story11.科幻片science fiction movie12.污水处理sewage treatment13.海峡两岸关系cross-straits relation 14.新闻发布会press conference15.扩大内需 expand domestic demand1.CBD 中央商务区2.Gaza strip 加沙地带3.anti-dunming measures 反倾销措施4.Hubble Space Telescope 哈勃太空望远镜5.activiated carbon 活性炭6.Blu-ray disc 蓝光光盘7.HIV carrier艾滋病毒携带者ernment procurement 政府采购9.deposit reserve ratio 存款准备金率10.insurance company 保险公司编号四. 北京外国语学院(已整理)TPP （Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement）跨太平洋伙伴关系协议magnetic resonance imaging 磁共振成像carbon credit 碳信用额credit rating 信用评级total fertility rate 总生育率辛亥革命 the Revolution of 1911蚁族 ant tribe限购令 property-purchasing limitation京沪高铁 Beijing-Shanghai High –speed Railway经济适用房 affordable hosing挖墙脚 undermine the foundation of sth贪多嚼不烂 bite off more than one can chew编号五北京师范大学extensive development 粗放型发展get the upper hand 处于有利地位占上风sleeping late 睡懒觉nanotechnology 纳米技术copyright theft 版权盗窃pull one's leg开某人的玩笑all-in-one ticket 一票通Group 20： 20国集团win-win cooperation 双赢合作paternity test 亲子鉴定junk email 垃圾邮件opinion poll选举投票，民意测验学分制 credit system金砖5国 BRICS换届选举general election循环经济circular economy高素质人才high-quality talent 到期的房租 expired rent洗钱money laundering粮食安全 grain security grain safety自主研发 independent research and development lose one's shirt丧失全部财产输得精光international trade dispute 国际贸易争端政治体制改革Reform of political institutions 节能减排energy-saving and emission-reduction 产业结构调整adjustment of industrial structure 媒体炒作press hype/ media hype各界人士people from all walks of life编号六：北京交通大学1.高架铁路aerial railway / elevated railway2.市区铁路urban railway3.铁路网railway system4.铁路运输railway transportation5.往返票round-trip ticket6.站台票platform ticket7.客车站passenger station8.列车时刻表railway timetable/ train schedule9.环形路线circuit10.换乘站interchange station/ transfer station编号七：中石油（北京）1 TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language)托福考试2 NATO(the North Atlantic Treaty Organization)北大西洋公约组织3 smog 烟雾；雾霾4 intellectual property 知识产权5 first-aid treatment 急救治疗6 the voice of people is the voice of god天视自我民视，天听自我民听7diplomatic etiquette 外交礼节8 IT（information technology）信息技术,9 House of Representatives 众议院,10public relations department 公关部、外联部,11financial management 金融管理、财务管理12 job fair 招聘会13summer resort 避暑胜地14 web browser 网页浏览器15software developer软件开发工程师16public relationship management 公关管理17可持续发展sustainable development 18民意调查Opinion polls19开幕词opening speech20拜年pay New Year's visit21同学会classmate party 、class reunion22企业文化 corporate culture23 自助者天助God help those who helpthemselves24 经济一体化economic integration25小康社会 a moderately prosperoussociety26团队精神team spirit /group spirit27旅游景点tourist spots /scenic spot28文化冲突cultural conflict 29带薪假期paid holiday30项目经理project manager31跨国公司multinational corporation编号八. 北京语言大学AFP(Agence France-Presse) <法>法新社FAO联合国粮食与农业组织SME（small and medium-sized enterprise）中小型企业UNGA（United Nations general assembly）联合国大会PBOC（People's Bank of China）中国人民银行UPU（Universal Postal Union）万国邮政联盟B2C(business to customer) 企业到用户的电子商务模式national city bank of New York 花旗银行force majeure 不可抗力taekwondo 跆拳道state-of-the-art最先进的，顶尖水准的Cathay Cpacific 国泰航空公司Mahatma Gandhi 莫罕达斯·甘地Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系plurality rule 简单多数原则先发制人战略preemptive strike strategy 民进党Democratic Progressive Party （DPP）“一站式”办公 one-stop office生态足迹ecological footprint贴现率discount rate海水淡化sea water desalinization皮影戏shadow puppet show公益文化事业non-profit cultural undertakings/programs安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents西电东送transmit the electricity from the western areas to East China 大病医疗费用社会统筹medical cost social pool for major diseases古兰经the Koran 习惯法customary鱼和熊掌不可兼得You can't have your cake and eat it too官场现形记The Record of Revelation of Officialdom编号九. 复旦大学试婚trial marriageCloud Computing 云计算party animal 聚会虫/聚会迷crowdsourcing 众包（群众外包）catch-22 《第22条军规》应用翻译applied translation收视率audience rating载人空间站manned space station大学城Higher Education Mega Center/ university cityHuman Genome Project 人类基因组计划编号十三上海交通大学1.ad hoc 特别的,特定的2.NASA美国国家航空和航天管理局3.Socrates 苏格拉底4.worst-case scenario 最恶劣情形，Midas迈达斯，Ponzi scheme 庞式骗局 lion's share 最大一份，最好的一份 , prenuptial agreement 婚前协议拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products，不良资产Non-performing Assets，国家发改委National Development and Reform Commission，可持续发展sustainable development，和谐社会harmonious society，追尾rear-end美国证券交易委员会US securities exchange commission大规模停电large-scale outages，经济适用房 affordable housing编号十同济大学户籍改革制度reform of household registration system调整产业结构adjustment of industrial structure《论语》The Analects of Confucius编号十一：郑州大学e-business电子商务, The Wall Street Journal华尔街日报IMF国际货币基金组织, MIT 麻省理工学院 ,EU 欧盟市场调查marketing research ，医保卡medicare card/ healthcare card，全球定位系统Global Positioning System，世界银行World Bank编号十二. 上海外国语Austerity Measures财政紧缩措施UNESCO联合国教科文组织NATO 北大西洋公约组织APEC 亚太经济合作组织the US Senate美国参议院Reuters路透社Gary Locke骆家辉Arab Spring 阿拉伯之春Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报Washington Post 华盛顿邮报十二五规划the Twelfth Five-year Plan全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)第十七届六中全会the sixth plenary session Seventeen of the 17th CPC Central Committee珠江三角洲Pearl River Delta of China软实力soft power新华社the Xinhua News Agency北京共识Beijing Consensus西气东输transport the natural gas from the West to the East上海合作组织S hanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)中美战略经济对话China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue编号十三上海大学1. G 20 20国集团 2 和而不同advocating harmony without uniformity3经济适应房affordable housing4工业“三废”Industrial "three wastes"5 保障性住房government-subsidized housing编号十四上海东华大学C.I.F 到岸价NNP (net national product)国民净产值UNESCO 联合国教科文组织ZPG 人口零增长IQ 智商DOF自由度？house bill 公司汇票customhouse broker 报关行expiration date 截止日期单价unit price船上交货free on board承运人carrier花旗银行national city bank of New York 输出港export harbour发展中国家 developing country出口价格指数Index of export prices编号十五华东师范bill of exchange 汇票OPEC 石油输出国组织CBD 中央商务区法人juridical person 廉租房low-rent house knockout product 拳头产品载人航天manned space flight人文交流cultural and educational exchanges大型实景歌舞演出real-scene musical extravaganza/ musical on the site编号十六华中师范P&G 宝洁公司NBA全国篮球协会Libiya Dinar利比亚第纳尔hologram 全息照片Budweiser 百威啤酒Arab spring 阿拉伯之春Al Jazeera Network 半岛电视新闻网中央党校Party School of the CPC Central Committee九三学社Jiu San Society中组部the Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC Honda 本田汽车国家体育运动委员会State Physical Culture and Sports Commission卫生部Ministry of Health最高人民法院Supreme People's Court中国工商银行Industrial and Commercial Bank of China体委Sports Commission翻译标准translation criteria体裁types or forms of literature回教Muslim/ Muslim祠堂ancestral temple端午节the Dragon Boat Festival第三产业tertiary industry编号十七华中科技大学IDD国际直拨长途电话UNESCO 联合国教科文组织IMF 国际货币基金组织UPU Universal Postal Union万国邮政联盟CTO Chief Technology Officer首席技术总监CCP Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党Risk Profile 风险预测Notary office公证处Venture Capitalist风险资本家Revolving Fund周转基金；循环基金备用资金reserve fund本土化localization 蹦极bungee jumping保证金cash deposit被动吸烟passive smoking比基尼bikini边缘科学borderline science贬值devaluation包装业package industry兵马俑Terra Cotta Warriors步行天桥pedestrian overpass便衣警察police in plain clothes Reciprocal Tariff互惠税率；互惠关税闭路电视closed circuit television便携式电脑laptop/ portable computersNIC Network Information Center 网络信息中心/网卡ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳工组织保监会the China Insurance Regulatory CommissionCAAC (=Civil Aviation Administration of China) 中国民航局GSM Global System for Mobile communication 全球移动通信系统编号十八西安外国语1.火车票实名制real-name train ticket system2.联合国计划开发署United Nations Development Program3.幸福感 happiness feelings4.小康社会 a moderately prosperous society5.Benchmark interest rate基准利率6.主权债务危机sovereign debt crisis7.全球定位系统Global Positioning System8. NASA 美国国家航空航天局9. Bricks 金砖国家编号十九南京大学EU 欧盟IMF 国际货币基金组织APEC 亚太经济合作组织YOG （Youth Olympic Games）青奥会webcasting网络广播no smoke without fire 无风不起浪不可再生资源unrenewable resources 泡沫经济bubble economy通货紧缩currency deflation ,d eflation 财政赤字financial deficit人才流失 brain drain扶贫poverty alleviation春蕾计划Spring Buds Program按揭贷款mortgage loansovereign credit rating主权信用评级look for a needle in a haystack 大海捞针ISBN（international Standard Book Number）国际标准图书编号参政议政participate in the administration and discussion of state affairs FIFA 国际足球联盟Federation Internationale de Football Association<法> 网民netizen编号二十南京师范大学(已整理)1. IMF 国际货币基金组织2. ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟3.NMD 国家导弹防御系统4. COO Chief Operating Officer 首席运营官5.GNP 国民生产总值6.DNS Domain Name System域名系统7. BBS Bulletin Board System 电子公告板系统8. OTC Over The Counter 非处方药9. IOC International Olympic Committee 国际奥委会10 video on demand 视频点播11. telegraphic transfer 电汇12. marginal revenue 边际收益13. corporate image 企业形象14. customs declaration 报关单15. Organization of American States 美洲国家组织16. 局域网（Local Area Network，LAN）17. 和谐共赢all-win harmony；harmony and all winners18. 三下乡Bringing Culture/Science and Technology/Hygienic Health to theCountryside19. “五个一”工程the Best Works20到…挂职to take up provisional post in21.主任科员principal staff22.解决民生问题improve the people's well-being23. 自主创新independent innovation24.基层民主community-level democracy25.全方位外交all-directional diplomacy26. 沿江沿边areas along the Yangtze River and the national borders27.生态文明conservation culture28.主要功能区main functional region29.现场服务on - site service30.依法行政rule-of-law administration/ administration according to the law编号二十一天津外国语(已整理)1.plain prose 平易文风2seckill 秒杀3.chinadonisia 亚洲铁三角（中印尼）4.broken society 道德沦丧的社会5. PIIGS 欧猪五国6.game theory 博弈论7.ghost estate 鬼宅8.defriend 解除好友关系9.cultural pluralism 文化多元主义10.Obama-mess 奥巴马困境11. localization 本土化/本地化12. 敲门砖 a stepping stone to success13. 蜗居 dwelling narrowness14.富二代 rich second generation15.房奴 mortgage slave16汉化英语 Chinglish17. 典故 allusion18. 典籍英译 English translation of Chinese classics19. 模拟国际会议口译 mock international conference interpretation20. 陪同口译 escort interpretation21.翻译专业硕士 Master of Translation and Interpreting22. 建设中国特色社会主义 build the socialism with Chinese characteristics23. 偏方 folk prescription25. 翻译标准 translation criterion/criteria of translation26.隐婚族 Pseudo-singles ,fake single27. 增强政治和文化建设 strengthen the construction of politics and culture28.农家乐 agritainment29.escorticism 异国情调30.orientalism 东方主义31 copycatting 山寨32. 功能对等 functional equivalence33. 学术翻译 academic translation34. 恶搞 KUSO,hoax编号二十二天津大学经济适用房affordable housing孝道filial piety/ filial morality穿越剧time-travel TV drama京沪高铁Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway非物质文化遗产intangible cultural heritage以房养老House-for-pension scheme自主知识产权 i ndependent intellectual property rightscustoms declaration报关单settlement currency结算货币smart power 巧实力/智能编号二十三中山大学(已整理)1. 中小企业 small- and medium-sized enterprises2. 洗钱 money laundering3. 人民币升值 appreciation of the RMB4. 次贷危机 sub-prime crisis5. 水土流失 water loss and soil erosion6. 贸易顺差 trade surplus7.企业社会责任 Corporate Social Responsibility8. 主权信用评级 sovereign credit rating9. 贩卖人口 traffic in persons10. 美国驻华大使 American Ambassador to China11. 温室效应 greenhouse effect12. 投资回报率 ROI(=return on investment)13. 供应链 supply chain14. 劳动密集型产业 labour-intensive industry15. 防止核扩散条约 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons1. Capital chain 资金链2. Humanitarian intervention 人道主义干涉3. Credit facilities 信用便利4. Exclusive interview 独家采访5. Clean governance 洁治6. Poll 民意测验选举投票7. Double-dip recession 连续两次下降的经济衰退8. The State Council 国务院9. Debt limit 债务限额10. A Palestinian proposal to apply for statehood巴勒斯坦建国方案11. Social security 社会保障12. An earthquake of 9.0 magnitude in the Richter Scale 里氏9级地震13. A cease-fire agreement 停火协定14. Oil leak/spill 漏油15. Organizing committee 组织委员会编号二十四广外UNESCO 联合国教科文组织SWOT analysis态势分析法appeal court 上诉法庭The Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》liaison interpretation, 联络口译Kyodo News Service日本共同社Savings portfolio储蓄投资组合subprime mortage crisis次级抵押危机strategic alignment 战略调整/战略合作World Heritage Organization世界遗产组织Closed-circuit News Network 闭路新闻网络Christian Science Monitor基督教科学箴言报the China-US business council美中贸易全国文员会Summer Davos World Economic Forum 夏季达沃斯世界经济论坛cost-consciousness 成本意识司法部Ministry of Justice亚运会the Asian Games创业板Growth Enterprise Market 通胀压力inflationary pressure市场定位market positioning 孙子兵法The Art of War史记Historical Records零关税待遇zero-tariff treatment日本的共同社Kyodo News Service民事诉讼；civil procedure/civil actio广交会The China Export Commodities Fair上海合作组织shanghai cooperation organization国家发改委National Development and Reform Commission中国银监会the China Banking Regulatory Commission三农问题issues concerning agriculture , countryside and farmers中国翻译者协会China Association of Translators?世界遗产委员会World Heritage Committee/commission编号二十五暨南大学WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产权组织）academic award 学院奖，carve her name with pride 女英列传，holiday inn 假日酒店，UNESCO 联合国教科文组织，environmentally-friendly product 环境友好型产品，west point 西点军校，中国人民政治协商会议Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)，司法公正judicial fairness，黄金储备gold reserve，论语the Analects of Confucius 抗洪救灾fight floods and provide disaster relief，，道德经Tao Te Ching，科教兴国rejuvenate our country through secience and education，外向型经济export-oriented economy 。
河南大学研究生英语考试重点答案
第一篇56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passageA. They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.B. They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.C. They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.D. They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debateA. Breaking the GM food monopoly.B. More friendly exchange of ideas.C. Regulating GM food production.D. More scientific research on GM crops.58. What is the main point of the Nature articlesA. Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops.B. Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.C. Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.D. Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problemsA. It has to depend more and more on GM technology.B. It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.C. GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.D. Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.60. What does the author think of the on going debate around GM cropsA. It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.B. It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.C. Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.D. Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.61. What are students obliged to do under early decisionA. Look into a lot of schools before they apply.B. Attend the school once they are admitted.C. Think twice before they accept the offer.D. Consult the current students and alumni.62. Why do schools offer early decisionA. To make sure they get qualified students.B. To avoid competition with other colleges.C. To provide more opportunities for applicants.D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for studentsA. It makes their application process more complicated.B. It places too high a demand on their research ability.C. It allows them little time to make informed decisions.D. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.64. Why are some people opposed to early decisionA. It interferes with students' learning in high school.B. It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.C. It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.D. It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.65. What does the author advise college applicants to doA. Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B. Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.C. Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.D. Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options第二篇56．What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balancemen taking an extended parental leave．’s changing attitudes towards family．women entering business management．improvement of their socioeconomic status．57．Why does the author say the hope for more full—time fathers is misguidedare better at taking care of children．men value work more than their family．number is too small to make a difference．many men have the chance to stay at home．58．Why do few men take a long parental leavelong leave will have a negative impact on their career．just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work．economic loss will be too much for their family to bear．are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon9．59．What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave．．60．What does the author say about high-potential women in the not—too-distant future will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home．will find high—paying professions a bit more family—friendly．are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family．will still face the difficult choice between career and children．61．What does the author try to draw attention toriots and hunger in the world．headlines in the leading media．decline of the grain yield growth．food supply in populous countries．62．Why does the author mention India and China in particularself-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets．food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years．big populations are causing worldwide concerns．D 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted．63．What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s．contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production．play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world．focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains．64．What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decadesgrowing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies．optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution．C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be"reversed．world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland．65．How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisationis built on the findings of a new study．is based on a doubtful assumption．is backed by strong evidence．D. It is open to further discussion．第三篇is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreenwill delay the occurrence of skin cancer.will protect them from sunburn.will keep their skin smooth and fair.will work for people of any skin color.does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreenis ineffective in preventing melanomas.is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.is ineffective with long-term exposure.is ineffective for people with fair skin.do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 peopleshould be applied along side other protection measures.people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.does the author say about the second Australian studymisl eads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.is not based on direct observation of the subjects.confirms the results of the first Australian study.does the author suggest to reduce melanoma ratesboth covering up and sunscreen.in the shade whenever possible.covering up instead of sunscreen.the right amount of sunscreen.is happening in the workforce in rich countriespeople are replacing the elderly.people tend to work longer.rates are rising year after year.with no college degree do not easily find work.has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poorlife expectancies.rapid technological advance.changes in the workforce.growing number of the well-educated.do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century growth will slow down.budgets will increase.people will try to pursue higher education.will be more competition in the job market.is the result of policy changes in European countriesworkers may choose to retire early.people have to receive in-service training.wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement. may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.is characteristic of work in the 21st centurywill do more complicated work.will be taken by the educated young.jobs to be done will be the creative ones.are highly valued regardless of age.。
2020年英语高级翻译资格考试笔译试题及答案
2020年英语高级翻译资格考试笔译试题及答案The effect of governmental expenditures on the total economy varies with both the level of utilization of laborand capital in the economy at the time of the expenditure,and the segment of the economy which receives the expenditure. If the economy as a whole or the segment of the economy which is the focus of the expenditure is operating at capacity or close to capacity, then the expenditure’s major effects will tend to be inflationary, and will not generate much employment of capital and labor. If the economy or sector is operating at much less than full employment, the expenditure will produce a genuine (non-inflationary) rise in the GNP.A true measure of the effect of governmental increase in the amount of money made available, then, is not the simple dollar value of the initial injection but the cumulativeeffect of this injection through spending and re-spending. In the optimum case the initial expansion of income flow couldbe great enough to produce tax revenues in excess of the original "deficit spending" or the "tax cut", so thatdeficits are not only smaller than the increased GNP but are recouped. In Keynesian economics the fundamental point of government policy clearly is not budget-balancing butspending in the event of unused productive capacity and unemployment. Spending increases productivity. Thisproductivity resulting from federal spending has overwhelmed the older economic myths of the balanced budget where government is conceived of as just another business firm.参考译文：政府支出对于整个经济的影响作用，受到以下两个因素的制约。
河南大学研究生英语考试重点答案
第一篇56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?A. They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment. ? ?B. They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture. ? ?C. They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health. ? ?D. They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?A. Breaking the GM food monopoly. ? ? ? ? ?B. More friendly exchange of ideas. ?C. Regulating GM food production. ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. More scientific research on GM crops.58. What is the main point of the Nature articles?A. Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops. ? ?B. Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises. ? ?C. Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.D. Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?A. It has to depend more and more on GM technology.B. It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.C. GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.D. Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.60. What does the author think of the on going debate around GM crops? ? ?A. It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.B. It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.C. Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture. ? ?D. Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.61. What are students obliged to do under early decision?A. Look into a lot of schools before they apply. ? ?B. Attend the school once they are admitted.C. Think twice before they accept the offer. ? ?D. Consult the current students and alumni.62. Why do schools offer early decision?A. To make sure they get qualified students. ? ?B. To avoid competition with other colleges. ? ?C. To provide more opportunities for applicants.D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?A. It makes their application process more complicated. ? ?B. It places too high a demand on their research ability. ? ?C. It allows them little time to make informed decisions. ? ?D. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.64. Why are some people opposed to early decision?A. It interferes with students' learning in high school. ? ?B. It is biased against students at ordinary high schools. ? ?C. It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.D. It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.65. What does the author advise college applicants to do?A. Refrain from competing with students from privileged families. ? ?B. Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.C. Find sufficient information about their favorite schools. ? ?D. Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options第二篇56．What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balance?men taking an extended parental leave．’s changing attitudes towards family．women entering business management．improvement of their socioeconomic status．57．Why does the author say the hope for more full—time fathers is misguided? are better at taking care of children．men value work more than their family．number is too small to make a difference．many men have the chance to stay at home．58．Why do few men take a long parental leave?long leave will have a negative impact on their career．just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work．economic loss will be too much for their family to bear．are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon9．59．What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?． ?．60．What does the author say about high-potential women in the not—too-distant future?will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home．will find high—paying professions a bit more family—friendly．are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family．will still face the difficult choice between career and children．61．What does the author try to draw attention to?riots and hunger in the world．headlines in the leading media．decline of the grain yield growth．food supply in populous countries．62．Why does the author mention India and China in particular?self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets．food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years．big populations are causing worldwide concerns．D 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted．63．What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s．contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production．play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world．focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains．64．What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades?growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies． optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution．C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be"reversed． world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland．65．How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation? is built on the findings of a new study．is based on a doubtful assumption．is backed by strong evidence．D. It is open to further discussion．第三篇is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.will protect them from sunburn.will keep their skin smooth and fair.will work for people of any skin color.does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?is ineffective in preventing melanomas.is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.is ineffective with long-term exposure.is ineffective for people with fair skin.do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?should be applied along side other protection measures.people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.does the author say about the second Australian study?misl eads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.is not based on direct observation of the subjects.confirms the results of the first Australian study.does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?both covering up and sunscreen.in the shade whenever possible.covering up instead of sunscreen.the right amount of sunscreen.is happening in the workforce in rich countries?people are replacing the elderly.people tend to work longer.rates are rising year after year.with no college degree do not easily find work.has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?life expectancies.rapid technological advance.changes in the workforce.growing number of the well-educated.do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century? growth will slow down.budgets will increase.people will try to pursue higher education.will be more competition in the job market.is the result of policy changes in European countries?workers may choose to retire early.people have to receive in-service training.wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.is characteristic of work in the 21st century?will do more complicated work.will be taken by the educated young.jobs to be done will be the creative ones.are highly valued regardless of age.。
2020考研英语翻译题常见备考解答
2020考研英语翻译题常见备考解答考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出guo 为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：翻译题常见备考解答”，持续关注将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!翻译部分由一篇400字左右的文章组成，其中划出5个句子，要求考生在30分钟内译完。
xx年题型更改之前，每句3分，一共15分，现在每句2分，一共10分。
完全没有要。
只有在以下两种情况下，才需要回头看看前文： 1.出现it,he,they等代词时，需要回读前文以确定它们所指代的人或物。
2.出现某个单词有歧义，可作多种理解时。
翻译有三个步骤：正确理解原文用地道的译入语表达原文对译文进行修改润色。
百分之百正确地理解原文，是做好翻译的前提。
考生在已有的英语理解基础上，应针对翻译部分着重注意以下几个方面：1.句子中相对应的部分。
请看例句：The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.这一句很明显可以分为A，B，C三个部分，A为果，B，C为两个并列的原因。
明白了这一点，可以解决两个问题：1.全句大的结构可以确立为：之所以有A，部分原因是B，部分原因是C2.B部分中explanatory items比较难以翻译，尤其是item一词，但结合C部分，可以确定explanatory items实际上就是explanations的意思，短语otherkindsof进一步验证了这一点。
2.时态。
英译汉时，常需借助着、了、过等助词和时间副词来表达原句的时态。
请看例句：There will be television chat shows hosted by robots……翻译本句，需添加届时一词来表达原文的将来时态。
2020考研英语二 翻译真题解析
考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语.但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会.在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活.在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约.It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,” Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说.可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的.“我觉得很悲哀.我太担心了，以至于我会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板.没有钱，我需要这份工作.每个人都会说，等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧.”原文：原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experience life”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下：Sustainability has become something of a buzzword(出题人把这个单词改为popular word) these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action and choice.Ning, director of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), the Boulder, Colo.–based information clearinghouse on sustainable living, recalls spending a tumultuous（出题人把这个词改为了confusing） year i n the late ’90s selling insurance. He’d been through the dot-com boom and bust（出题人似乎把这个词改为burst了） and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose ambivalence about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would pull alongside of the highway and vomit, or wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll turn the corner, give it some time.’”Ning stuck it out for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, but felt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbled upon LOHAS in a help-wanted ad for a data analyst. “I didn’t know what LOHAS was,” he says, “but it sounded kinda neat.” It turned out to be a better fit than he could have ever imagined.At the time, the LOHAS organization did little more than host a small annual conference in Boulder. It was a forum where progressive-minded companies could gather to compare notes on how to reach a values-driven segment of consumers —the LOHAS market — who seemed attracted to products and services that mirrored their interest in health, environmental stewardship, social justice, personal development and sustainable living.In contrast with his disastrous foray into the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. Growing up in the foothills of the Rockies outside of Denver, he’d developed a love of the outdoors and a respect for the earth, while his parents provided a model of social activism —the family traveled widely, and at one point his parents created and operated a nonprofit that offered microcredit loans to small businesses in Vietnam and Guatemala. He has three adopted sisters from Vietnam and Korea. He studied international relations and Chinese at Colorado University and slipped easily into the Boulder lifestyle — commuting by bike, eating organics, buying local and the rest —though he stopped short of the patchouli-and-dreadlocks phase embraced by many of his peers. (He opted instead for the university’s ski team and, after graduating, wound up coaching the Japanese development team during the Nagano Olympics in 1998.)From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the organization, becoming its executive director in 2006. “When I got the job, LOHAS was a sleepy conference in Boulder,” says Ning. Today, the forum is booming, the organizationis expanding and the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the position he stumbled on in the want ads. “I don’t consider this a job. It is really more of a calling.”Ning, 41, coordinates the conference and oversees the organization’s annual journal and Web site (), while compiling research on trends and opportunities for businesses. He also travels the country promoting —and explaining —the LOHAS concept and the burgeoning market it represents.First identified by sociologist Paul Ray in the mid-1990s as “cultural creatives,” the U.S. market segment that embraces LOHAS today has grown to about 41 million consumers, or roughly 19 percent of American adults. But those LOHAS consumers are powerfully influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others (witness the rise of interest in yoga, all-natural products, simplicity and hybrid vehicles). Which is why LOHAS-related products now generate an estimated $209 billion annually.“Over the last two years a green tidal wave has come over us,” says Ning. Riding that wave, says Ning, is not about jumping on a trend bandwagon. It’s connecting with — and acting on —a set of shared, instrinsic values. “People know what is authentic. You can’t preach this lifestyle and not live it,” he says. He and his wife, Jenifer, live in a solar-powered home, raise organic vegetables in their backyard and drive a car that gets 48 miles to the gallon. He even buys carbon offsets to negate the global warming impact of his cell phone.Ning emphasizes that there are many different ways of “living LOHAS.” Ultimately, it’s really about finding a way of life that makes sense and feels good —now and for the long haul. “People are looking internally,” he says, “asking themselves,‘What really makes me happy?’ Is it the fact that I can go out and buy that giant flat-screen TV, or is it that I can have a quiet evening with my family just hanging out and playing a game of Scrabble?”For Ning, it’s a no-brainer. He’ll take Scrabble ev ery time.Laine Bergeson is an Experience Life senior editor.考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?全球范围内，信息技术行业与航空业产生的温室气体总量相同——约占二氧化碳排放总量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft and Amazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims to be more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from theUS, Europe and Japan reached an agreement, orchestrated by the Green Grid, an American industry consortium, on how to benchmark the energy efficiency of data centres. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there's much more to be done, and not just by big companies.Simple things - such as turning devices off when they are not in use - can help to reduce the impact of our love affair with all things digital. Research from the National Energy Foundation in the UK found that nearly 20 per cent of workers don't turn their PCs off at the end ofthe day, wasting 1.5 billion kWh of electricity per year - which equates to the annual CO2 produced by 200,000 small family cars.Technology could have a huge role to play in reducing energy consumption - just think of the number of car and bus journeys saved by something as simple as online banking. But the sector must still work harder to get its own house in order.Jason Stamper is NS technology correspondent and editor of Computer Business Review考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来.英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.诸多研究表明，发展中国家受过良好教育的人才往往可能有移民倾向.2004年，曾针对印度家庭进行过一次大型调查，结果发现，近40%有移民倾向的人受过中学以上教育，而25岁以上的印度人只有约3.3%受过中学以上教育.“人才流失”问题长期以来一直让发展中国家的决策者很苦恼，他们担心这种情况会危及其经济发展，夺去他们紧缺的技术人才，而这些人才本该在他们自己的大学任教，在他们自己的医院工作，为他们自己的工厂研发新产品.原文：WHEN people in rich countries worry about migration, they tend to think of low-paid incomers who compete for jobs as construction workers, dishwashers or farmhands. When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest decamping to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates.Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. By some estimates, two-thirds of highly educated Cape Verdeans live outside the country. A big survey of Indian households carried out in 2004 asked about family members who had moved abroad. It found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make.Many now take issue with this view (see article). Several economists reckon that the brain-drain hypothesis fails to account for the effects of remittances, for the beneficial effects of returning migrants, and for the possibility that being able to migrate to greener pastures induces people to get more education. Some argue that once these factors are taken into account, an exodus of highly skilled people could turn out to be a net benefit to the countries they leave. Recent studies of migration from countries as far apart as Ghana, Fiji, India and Romania have found support for this “brain gain” idea.The most obvious way in which migrants repay their homelands is through remittances. Workers from developing countries remitted a total of $325 billion in 2010, according to the World Bank. In Lebanon, Lesotho, Nepal, Tajikistan and a few other places, remittances are more than 20% of GDP. A skilled migrant may earn several multiples of what his income would have been had he stayed at home. A study of Romanian migrantsto America found that the average emigrant earned almost $12,000 a year more in America than he would have done in his native land, a huge premium for someone from a country where income per person is around $7,500 (at market exchange rates).It is true that many skilled migrants have been educated and trained partly at the expense of their (often cash-strapped) governments. Some argue that poor countries should therefore rethink how much they spend on higher education. Indians, for example, often debate whether their government should continue to subsidise the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), its elite engineering schools, when large numbers of IIT graduates end up in Silicon Valley or on Wall Street. But a new study of remittances sent home by Ghanaian migrants suggests that on average they transfer enough over their working lives to cover the amount spent on educating them several times over. The study finds that once remittances are taken into account, the cost of education would have to be 5.6 times the official figure to make it a losing proposition for Ghana.There are more subtle ways in which the departure of some skilled people may aid poorer countries. Some emigrants would have been jobless had they stayed. Studies have found that unemployment rates among young people with college degrees in countries like Morocco and Tunisia are several multiples of those among the poorly educated, perhaps because graduates are more demanding. Migration may lead to a more productive pairing of people's skills and jobs. Some of the benefits of this improved match then flow back to the migrant's home country, most directly via remittances.The possibility of emigration may even have beneficial effects on those who choose to stay, by giving people in poor countries an incentive to invest in education.A study of Cape Verdeans finds that an increase of ten percentage points in young people's perceived probability of emigrating raises the probability of their completing secondary school by around eight points. Another study looks at Fiji.A series of coups beginning in 1987 was seen by Fijians of Indian origin as permanently harming their prospects in the country by limiting their share of government jobs and political power. This set off a wave of emigration. Yet young Indians in Fiji became more likely to go to university even as the outlook at home dimmed, in part because Australia, Canada and New Zealand, three of the top destinations for Fijians, put more emphasis on attracting skilled migrants. Since some of those who got more education ended up staying, the skill levels of the resident Fijian population soared.1、最困难的事就是认识自己。
2020年河南大学翻译硕士考研参考书及报录比
2020年河南大学翻译硕士考研参考书及报录比参考书：1.《英译中国现代散文选》，张培基（三册中至少一册），上海外语教育出版社，20072.《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓，中国对外翻译出版公司，20123.《中国文化读本》，叶朗、朱良志，外语教学与研究，20164.《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，20195.《翻译硕士MTI常考词汇》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2020报录比：1：5同等学力加试科目：①英语写作②英汉互译。
育明教育咨询师认为，河南大学英语专业还是非常棒的，所以翻译硕士的题目相对较难。
不推荐跨专业的报考。
问题解答：什么样的语法训练比较实用？【育明夏教授】词汇的组合，特别是从句及以上层次的组合，就涉及到语法层面，也是同学们较关注的内容。
从我们掌握的情况看，同学们在语法层面的训练意识比词汇要高，这可能是由于：一是整个中学阶段由于词汇量有限，语法训练始终处于重要地位；二是大多数同学认为，语法训练可操作性强，这也是本节的讨论内容。
目前市面上的语法教材、辅导读本、训练等种类繁多，但总体上呈现两大特征：一是讲多练少，讲练不成比例，大多数语法教材的工具性属性较强，适合研究但不适合训练；二是体例上要么过繁要么过简，不利于同学们构建全面、科学的语法体系。
因此，我们要甄别语法训练的内容。
我们认为，实用的语法训练应满足如下几个条件：一是涵盖尽可能多的语法点。
不少同学认为，语法中定语从句、非谓语从句、虚拟语气是难点，因此应该“抓大放小”的训练。
但上述三个语法点并不是孤立的，而是与不规则动词、情态动词、关系代词、关系副词等紧密相连。
因此，同学们应该向对待词汇那样，构建完善、牢固的语法网格，在一轮复习的查漏补缺阶段更需要扩大知识点的覆盖面，不断夯实语法基础。
二是要注重基础语法的训练。
“基础语法”是一个我国语法教学实践中容易被忽视的概念，虽然教师反复强调以屈折形式为代表的基础内容，但学生对这一部分的重视程度不高，强化训练不够，以至于在硕士生甚至博士生的英语作品中仍会发现动词第三人称单数缺失、不规则动词变位错误、时态判断及表达错误等“低级错误”。
2020年英语(二)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】D. tricky解析：考察形容词，but一词前文提到大家都想成为好父母，但是，所以本句要选贬义词，排除BC，根据语义，因为孩子对不同的养育方式反映不同，所以定义好的父母是很难的，很棘手的，D正确，A单调的B.愉悦的C.有指导意义的【2】B. for example解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上一句提到孩子们对同一种养育方式的反应是不同的，本句中指出一个冷静的、循规蹈矩的孩子可能会比弟弟妹妹对不同的教育方式有更好的反应，很明显是举例子，总分关系，for example最合适，D正确。
A. in addition此外，除了，递进关系，两句话之间不存在递进关系；C. at once. 马上，立刻，用来形容动词的速度之快，不符合原文；D. by accident，偶然意外，形容出乎意料，但是上文提到同样的信息，所以不是偶然意外。
【3】A.Fortunately解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上文提到很难定义好父母，本句提到有一种是很容易描述的，形成转折关系，所以选择A.Fortunately B.【4】C. describe解析：考察动词，逻辑主语为另外一种父母，根据上文，只有D描述另外一种父母更容易符合上下文，【5】A. while解析：考察逻辑关系词，后一句提到这不是容易的事情，本句说每一个父母都想有耐心，形成转折关系，所以while尽管更合适。
【6】B. task解析：考察名词，this指代上文的有耐心的养育，这是一种任务，而不是一种回答，选择或者入口。
【7】A. tolerant解析：考察形容词，本段一直讲有耐心的养育，所以本句提到因为太累了，太沮丧，没有办法对孩子做到...，空处应该是要选择和有耐心类似的词语，只有A.tolerant有包容性的更贴切原文。
【8】C. push解析：考察动词，后文提到你失去了耐心，要么对孩子大喊大叫，要么说一些对任何人都没有好处的话，所以相应孩子应该是对你做了一些不好的事情，C推的更远，逼的更紧要更符合原文。
2020年考研英语二真题答案及解析（文字版）
2020年考研英语⼆真题答案及解析（⽂字版）2020年研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试试题（英语⼆）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also__14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很⼩，基本⽆⽣词，长难句也很少。
河南农业大学2020年学术型硕士研究生
③620化学
④802 Z动物生理学与生物化学
复试笔试：
01方向：家畜生理学
02、04方向：兽医微生物学与兽医免疫学
03方向：兽医临床诊断学
05方向：分子生物学、生物制品工程（任选一）
（不招收同等学力考生）
004机电工程学院
082800农业工程
01农业机械化工程
02农业生物环境与能源工程
25(4)
①101思想政治理论
②201英语一
③620化学
④802 Z动物生理学与生物化学
复试笔试：
01方向：动物遗传学
02、03方向：动物营养学
04、05方向：动物生产学
（不招收同等学力考生）
090600兽医学
01基础兽医学
02预防兽医学
03临床兽医学
04人兽共患病学
05兽医生物技术
44(18)
①101思想政治理论
①101思想政治理论
201英语一
③619数学或620化学
④801Ｚ植物生理学与生物化学
复试笔试：植物病理学、昆虫学、植物化学保护、植物资源学（任选一）
（不招收同等学力考生）
019园艺学院
090200园艺学
01果树学
02蔬菜学
03设施园艺
04茶学
12（4）
①101思想政治理论
201英语一
③619数学或620化学
04烟草品质生态与质量评价
05烟草生物技术
24（3）
①101思想政治理论
②201英语一
③620化学
④801Ｚ植物生理学与生物化学
复试笔试：烟草栽培学、烟草调制学、烟草育种学（任选二），各50%
（不招收同等学力考生）
2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语一真题及答案详细解析
2020年全国硕士研究生考研英语一真题及答案详细解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation's great traditions; the Sunday roast. __1__ a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now, the food police are determined our health. That this__3__should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure __4__ to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has __5__ a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked __6__ high temperatures. This means that people should __7__ crisping their roast potatoes, spurn thin-crust pizzas and only __8__ toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? __9__ studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no __10__ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is "__11__ to be carcinogenic" but have no hard scientific proof. __12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice. __14__, it was rumored that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a __15__.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be __16__ up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? __17__, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods __18__, but to reduce their lifetime intake. However, their __19__ risks coming across as exhortation and nannying. Constant health scares just __20__ with no one listening.1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On [D] Till2. [A] match [B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment [C] surprise [D] concern4. [A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed5. [A] issued [B] received [C] ignored [D] canceled6. [A] under [B] at [C] for [D] by7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish [D] avoid8. [A] partially [B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] inconclusive [D] negative11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely [D] slow12. [A] On the basis of [B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to13. [A] interesting [B] advisable [C] urgent [D] fortunate14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection [D] pattern16. [A] made [B] served [C] saved [D] used17. [A] To be fair [B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] in general18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely [C] gradually [D] carefully19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign [D] competition20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end upSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture" washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Copper and her colleague argue that a "town of culture" award would ___.A. consolidate the town city ties in BritainB. promote cooperation among Brain's townsC. increase the economic strength of Brain's townsD. focus Brain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as ______..A. a sensible compromiseB. a self-deceiving attemptC. an eye-catching bonusD. an inaccessible target23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it ______A. endeavor to maintain its imageB. meets the aspiration of its peopleC. brings its local arts to prominenceD. commits to its long-term growth24. “Glasgow”is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present ______A. a contrasting caseB. a supporting exampleC. a background storyD. a related topic25. What is the author's attitude towards the proposal?A. SkepticalB. ObjectiveC. FavorableD. CriticalText 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world , made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs” had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partly because________[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase .[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have________[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms________[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially.[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled.D] The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender parity" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in Califomia, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad wills________[A] help little to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court,[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate____[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to____[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.[B] the objection to female participation on boards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women's need in employment should be considered.[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data, and the tax applies to gross revenue from such servces. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon- in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization' s work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France`s planned tax is a clear warning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming theinternational tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to_____[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax _____[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that _____[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECO's current work_____[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to in involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the. best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41 -45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixactions are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41. ________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in apleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42.________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.________With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.44.________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With （the gap between）the church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any suchheretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentric principle.48. Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a rate that the people-including the Church -could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long-standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase 'sapere aude ' or ' dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:The Student Union of your university has assigned you to inform theinternational students an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name in the notice.Part B52: Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should:1) Describe the picture briefly;2) Interpret the implied meaning, and3) Give your comments2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] On【解析】本题考查介词的用法。
河南大学翻译硕士(MTI)考研真题(回忆版)
年河南大学翻译硕士（MTI）考研真题（回忆版）翻译硕士（MTI）英语先是20个单选，20分，难度不大，然后是一个完型，15个15分。
关于国外课程标准改革的，不怎么好做。
之后是4个句子翻译，6级水平20分。
考到了虚拟语气。
再就是阅读理解，共3篇，15题，30分。
有一篇讲富兰克林成就的，一篇写建保护区的作用的，还有一篇关于西方commonvalue变化的。
写作是关于禁止抄袭的。
要求200字。
也是15分。
英语翻译基础几乎全是指定参考书上的。
先是汉译英部分。
第一题。
5个短语翻译15分。
有火把节洗钱活动国际旅游年杜甫草堂等。
第二题5个句子翻译20分。
有吾十五而志于学那句，有华清池杨贵妃那句，有真正的朋友……进行了一场心灵的交流。
有违反劳动安全法……限期整改并按相关规定处罚一句。
还有穿上双星鞋，潇洒走天下。
第三题是天津文教体育用品有限公司那篇文章。
答案全部在参考书上。
本题40分。
再是英译汉部分，先是15分15个缩略语加特色词汇。
大部分也能在书上找到。
记得我做的答案有艾滋病，神经性功能紊乱，城市居民争议处理计划，万国邮政联盟，新兴产业，国际译联，共和国宪章……然后是5个共20分的句子翻译。
貌似也都在书上。
其中一个患有疑似病的国度那篇文章有2句，家庭暴力那篇有一句，再就是这是她第一次听到如此温暖人心的话语……另一句不记得了。
40分的文章翻译貌似是奥巴马的演讲。
好像不是参考书上的。
最后一门汉语写作与百科知识。
分三部分。
第一部分名词解释25个，50分。
有孔子学院，古文观止，论语，马太效应，瓦肆，产业转移，中国画，交子，哥特式建筑，IMFWTO，地标，春秋笔法，低碳经济，莎士比亚，阿Q正传，沙文主义，东南亚国家联盟，文心雕龙，蹴鞠，动车组，仿拟，董事会还有2个，实在想不起来了。
第二部分，应用文写作感谢信300-500字。
第三部分，大作文60分。
题目是明天。
凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。
2020年河南师范大学翻译硕士总体要求及考研信息
2020年河南师范大学翻译硕士总体要求及考研信息名词解释是《大纲》中明确规定的题型，也是汉百考察的主流，因此短期内同学们还避不开这种考试题型，况且很少有人因为题型的缘故而放弃久已心仪的院校。
因此在备考名词解释时，可以按照“三步走”的策略进行：一是列出某个词条可能涉及的信息点，二是对这些信息点进行筛选、规范表述，三是将这些筛选且规范表述的信息点重新组织为完整、逻辑的一句或若干句话。
做好这三步，就能较好地完成该类题型。
定义法还有一个用处，就是对考生作答的定义进行字数和层次的限定。
这里我们暂时不讨论一些非常专业的概念，比如“一级要素”“二级要素”“定性项”“定量项”等，而是关注写多少字，写几句话，写几层意义这样的实际问题。
一般认为，在考查25个词条，且每个词条作答3分钟来看，一个定义书写80-95字，书写两到三句话是比较合适的。
当然得出这个结论是经过一系列计算的，具体的过程在这里就不赘言了。
[1]掌握英汉语言对比研究基础理论及分析方法，熟练分析“左手/右手习惯”“前方一致”“主题优先”“语法/语义优先”“主次交替”等英汉语言常见现象。
[2]熟练掌握“左右互换”“主宾易位”“平行架构”“合理切分”“模块组合”等汉英互译常见方法；充分认知英汉双语在逻辑路径、思维方式、视角转换、衔接与连贯方面的异同。
[3]掌握现代汉语/英语表达规范，能够根据语境合理选词、组句；贯彻语言表达的“简明、规范、准确”三原则，注重区分文学翻译与非文学翻译在“结构优先”和“语义优先”上的不同。
[4]建议将翻译练习与基础英语的词汇、语法等同步复习。
认真对比参考译文及独立完成的译文，踊跃提问，对原文分析、译文组织等提出自己的观点。
[5]一般认为，在考前完成2万字左右的精讲，并完成1-2万字的精炼是提高翻译水平的重要保障。
不必一味贪多，更不能一味求快。
上一阶段问题没有解决前，不要盲目进行下一阶段训练。
在练习的时候最好是做翻译硕士真题，这个部分可以参考育明考试研究院主编的《全国翻译硕士真题解析》（天津科技翻译出版社吧）简答题1）名师解析：简答题一般来说位于试题的第二部分，基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。
河南大学研究生英语考试重点答案
第一篇56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?A. They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.B. They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.C. They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.D. They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?A. Breaking the GM food monopoly.B. More friendly exchange of ideas.C. Regulating GM food production.D. More scientific research on GM crops.58. What is the main point of the Nature articles?A. Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops.B. Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.C. Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.D. Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?A. It has to depend more and more on GM technology.B. It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.C. GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.D. Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.60. What does the author think of the on going debate around GM crops?A. It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.B. It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.C. Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.D. Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.61. What are students obliged to do under early decision?A. Look into a lot of schools before they apply.B. Attend the school once they are admitted.C. Think twice before they accept the offer.D. Consult the current students and alumni.62. Why do schools offer early decision?A. To make sure they get qualified students.B. To avoid competition with other colleges.C. To provide more opportunities for applicants.D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?A. It makes their application process more complicated.B. It places too high a demand on their research ability.C. It allows them little time to make informed decisions.D. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.64. Why are some people opposed to early decision?A. It interferes with students' learning in high school.B. It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.C. It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.D. It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.65. What does the author advise college applicants to do?A. Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B. Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.C. Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.D. Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options第二篇56．What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balance?A.More men taking an extended parental leave．B.People’s changing attitudes towards family．C.More women entering business management．D.The improvement of their socioeconomic status．57．Why does the author say the hope for more full—time fathers is misguided?A.Women are better at taking care of children．B.Many men value work more than their family．C.Their number is too small to make a difference．D.Not many men have the chance to stay at home．58．Why do few men take a long parental leave?A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their career．B.They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work．C.The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear．D.They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon9．59．What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A.Jealousy．B.SurpriseC.AdmirationD.Sympathy．60．What does the author say about high-potential women in the not—too-distant future?A.They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home．B.They will find high—paying professions a bit more family—friendly．C.They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family．D.They will still face the difficult choice between career and children．61．What does the author try to draw attention to?A.Food riots and hunger in the world．B.News headlines in the leading media．C.The decline of the grain yield growth．D.The food supply in populous countries．62．Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets．B.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years．C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns．D 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted．63．What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s．B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production．C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world．D.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains．64．What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades?A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies．B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution．C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be"reversed．D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland．65．How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A.It is built on the findings of a new study．B.It is based on a doubtful assumption．C.It is backed by strong evidence．D. It is open to further discussion．第三篇56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied along side other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misl eads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.。
研究生英语翻译答案
Unit 2III Translation PracticeExercise 1A. 1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。
3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象说明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。
4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加疑心的态度看待基因改进技术。
5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢送是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点的增长也就意味着利润上的极大提高。
B. 1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and withgood reason.2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn.3. It is crucially important that we take stock of this technology’s probable effects on ourplanet’s ecosystems.4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social andpolitical realms.5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new geneticmodels of organisms.Exercise 2.A. 1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切越发感到不安。
在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改进食品已日益成为普遍现象。
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2020年河南农业大学翻译硕士考研笔记及问题解答
我总是觉得自己无话可写，背模板靠谱么？
【育明夏教授】模板是一个让很多人非常纠结的话题，背的话容易机械，容易千篇一律；不背的话又怕自己没话可写。
对此我们想说：骚年，这是病，是“模板依赖症”，不能放弃治疗！
模板是什么？确切地说是文章中必要的逻辑结构、常用短语及词汇的集合，之所以受到万人追捧，是因为它普适性强，套用简单辩解，很多时候只要写上一两句话，填上一两个词就能写出一篇文章，这像极了明朝的八股，不论话题，不论内容，只要写成那样四平八稳的结构，就能拿到一定的分数。
对不少写作能力较薄弱的同学来说，模板无疑是短期内提高写作成绩的“不二法门”。
但模板用多了，就像腿脚不灵便的人拐杖用多了，一旦扔掉拐杖，走起路来难免不摔跤。
拐杖是辅具，目的就是帮助人更好的走路，但一旦依赖上它，想摆脱它就很难。
如果大多数同学在同一场考试中都使用了相同或相似的模板，阅卷老师会有何看法？
看起来模板成了众矢之的，可仔细一想，我们阅读的文章很多都让我们有了模板化的印象，就像问一个从未去过草原的人，你心目中的草原是什么样的？他会很快地告诉你：蓝蓝的天上白云飘，白云下面马儿跑，这不就是美丽其格《草原上升起不落的太阳》么？这就是模板化的印象。
难怪许多年后，张承志《黑骏马》的开篇会说：……我能从他们的眼神中立即读出诸如鲜花、白云、姑娘、美酒等诱人的字眼儿……这些朋友缺乏一种作为草原牧人基本素质的心绪。
我们不主张妖魔化的看待模板，因为它毕竟能发挥一些好的作用，如帮助我们建立文章的初步架构，遴选出行文中的常用词句，以便在应试中尽可能节省时间，提高效率。
但我们要始终有“抛开模板，独立写作”的意识，否则就会像断不了奶的孩子，永远都长不大。
目前不少翻硕教辅，连同英语专业或非专业考试试题，是凡涉及写作部分，都会给出相应的模板。
我们建议同学们多多搜集这类模板，然后做一些比较工作，看看同一类型的文章可能有哪些不同的写作方法。
模板能够发挥整齐划一的作用，但要削弱由此引发的“千篇一律”，就要在拓展模板类型上下功夫，特别是掌握一类文章的若干种写法，这样在训练和应试中能够发挥的余地就比较大。
■阅读：
[1]能阅读西方社会科学类著作的部分内容（如摘录版、缩写版、相关研究文章），能借助工
具书、参考资料等阅读经济、哲学、法律、美学等英文原著；
[2]能综合运用所学的西方文化，特别是英美文化基础知识分析其主要内容及思想，解释有关概念，并与其他作品、思想进行初步对比。
■文化：
[1]能识记英美主要国家的政治、历史、地理、经济、文化、社会概况；
[2]了解价格革命、文艺复兴、宗教运动、启蒙运动、工业革命、帝国主义殖民扩张与民族解放运动、第一次世界大战、全球经济危机、第二次世界大战、美苏争霸、世界多极化等时期的特点及其代表事件、人物、作品、影响等；
[3]能结合思想政治基础科目的“当代国际政治”内容，了解当代国际社会热点及其影响。
这个部分的话，大家可以按照《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》（光明日报出版社）或者《汉语写作与百科知识》（天津科技翻译出版社）所汇编的范围来复习足矣。
简答题
1）名师解析：
简答题一般来说位于试题的第二部分，基本考察对某些重要问题的掌握程度。
难度中等偏低。
这就要求考生在复习的时候要把课本重要问题梳理清楚，要比较扎实的记忆。
一般来说书本看到5遍以上可以达到记忆的效果。
当然，记忆也要讲究方法。
（2）育明考研答题攻略：简答题定义框架答题法
定义——〉框架——〉总结
第一，先把简答题题干中涉及的最重要的1-2个名词进行阐述，类似于“名词解释”。
很多人省略了这一点，无意中丢失了很多的分数。
第二，按照要求，搭建框架进行回答。
回答要点一般3-5条，每条150-200字。
第三，进行简单的总结。
（3）温馨提示
第一，在回答简答题的时候，一定要有头有尾，换言之，必须要进行核心名词含义的阐释。
第二，在回答的时候字数一般在800-1000为佳，时间为15-20分钟。
第一阶段：框架的构建和重点的掌握
核心参考书的框架体系建立和考点整合，理清楚学科发展史，特别是每一个阶段的代表人物，著作，主张，提出的背景和评价。
第二阶段：专题讲解
在第一阶段的基础上，给学员总结常考的专题，进行深化和凝练，以专题为突破口夯实并灵活运用理论知识。
第三阶段：热点和出题人的论文
对出题老师的研究重点，最新论文成果和上课的笔记课件进行讲解。
对本专业时政热点话题进行分析。
第四阶段：历年真题讲解
对历年真题进行最深入的剖析，分析真题来源、真题难度，总结各题型的的解题思路、答题方法和技巧。
全面提升学员的答题能力，把前面几个阶段掌握的理论知识转化为分数。
第五阶段：模拟练习及押题
就最新的理论前沿和学科热点结合现实的热点进行拔高应用性讲解。
教会考生怎么破题，怎么安排结构，怎么突出创新点等答题技巧。
了解更多辅导信息请咨询马老师。