翻译技巧：句法翻

三、译成汉语判断句
• • • • • The decision to attack was not taken lightly. 进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。 Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872. • 美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
二、译成汉语无主句
• Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly. • 已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。 • Water can be shown as containing impurities. • 可以证明，水含有杂质。 • The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end. • 必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。
翻译技巧
• 简言之，就是翻译界的名言：信达雅（严 复1898《天演论· 译例言》）。信就是译文 内容与原文一致，达就是译文语义通畅通 顺，雅就是有文采。雅最难。信是最基本 的要求，在信的基础上达。信考验的是对 原文的理解，达其实考的是译文的语言能 力。
一、译成汉语主动句
• 1. 保存原文主语 • The meeting is scheduled for April 6th. • 会议定于四月六日举行。
五、常用被动句型“It+被动语态 +that”的翻译
• It is considered that bioclimatology is an involved subject. • 有人认为，生物气候学是一门复杂的学科。 • It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science. • 有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分成两个主 要领域：自然科学和社会科学。
• Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid. • 水能从液体变成固体。
• • • •
• • •
2. 主宾颠倒 She was given a new pen by her father. 她爸爸送给她一支新钢笔。 Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change. 这种化学反应能放出热和光。 Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us. 现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。
• I finished my task just now. • My task was finished just now (by me).
• The farmers plant many apple trees there. • Many apple trees are planted there (by the farmers).
• • • •
It has been proved that... 已经证明 It has been found that... 人们已经发现 It is still to be hoped that... 我们仍然希望 It is well-known that... 众所周知，大家都知 道 • It should be realized that... 我们应该认识 到……
• • • • • • • • • • • • •
It has been announced that... 已经宣布 It is asserted that... 有人主张 It is rumored that... 有人主张 It is rumored that... 听说，谣传 It is noticed that... 有人指出，人们注意到 It is suggested that... 有人建议，建议 It is reputed that... 人们认为，可以认为 It is learned that... 据说，据闻，已经查明 It is demonstrated that... 据证实，已经证明 It is estimated that... 据估计，有人估计 It is estimated that... 有人指出，人们指出 It is pointed out that... 有人推荐，有人建议 It is proposed that... 有人提出
• •
• • • • •
3. 增加主语 The issue has not yet been thoroughly explored. 人们对这一问题迄今尚未进行过彻底的探索。 She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。 What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然 而我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。
翻译技巧：句法翻译法
被动语态的翻译
• 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓 语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动 语态。 • 如果主语是动作的执行者（施事者），或 者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语 态；如果主语是动作的承受者（受事者）， 或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完 成的，则用被动语态。
四、译成汉语被动句
• 使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、 为...所、由...来”等等。 • The minister was found to have appropriated government money. • 部长被发现挪用公款。 • He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office. • 他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。 • The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street. • 那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。 • He was praised by his teacher. • 他得到了老师的表扬。 • Problems should be resolved in good time. • 问题应及时加以解决。
下面是一些常用被动句型的习惯译 法：
• • • • • • • • It is hoped that... 希望，有人希望 It is assumed that... 假设ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ假定 It is claimed that... 据说，有人主张 It is believed that... 有人想信，大家相信 It is reported that... 据报道，据通报 It is considered that... 人们认为，据估计 It is said that... 据说，有人说 It is supposed that... 据推测，人们猜测