大学英语跨文化交际总结

Chapter 1 culture

The nature of culture:

1.culture is like an iceberg

2.culture is our software

3.culture is like the water a fish swims in

4.culture is the grammar of our behavior

Characteristics of culture:

1.culture is learned (through proverbs, folklore, art, mass media)

2.culture is dynamic 动态的

3.culture is pervasive 普遍的

4.culture is integrated 综合的

5.culture is adaptive

Cultural identity 文化认同

1.cultural identity defined

2.formation of cultural identity (unexamined, search, achievement)

3.characteristics of cultural identity

Cultures within culture

1.subculture亚文化群

2.Co-culture 共文化

3.Sub-group 亚群体

Summary

Many of us take our culture for granted. The only time when we may ever think about it is when we leave our own country to travel abroad or when we encounter someone with a culture so different from ours that we have to examine our own beliefs. Much of what we think is the "right" or "correct" way to act or do something is actually part of the knowledge that we have learned from our culture.

Culture is a large and inclusive concept. The first definition of culture, by the English anthropologist Edward B. Tylor, involves knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. Although this definition has tried to cover more aspects that may direct human behavior, more inclusive definitions continue to come into being. However, in this book, culture is defined from the intercultural communication perspective: culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.

Compared with the different ideas on what culture is, scholars agree on the characteristics of culture. Generally speaking, culture is learned, dynamic, pervasive, integrated and adaptive.

Cultural identity refers to one's sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. People identify with being a member of a group. Being a member of a group helps to define who we are. We are all members of groups of different sizes.

One of the largest groups that a person can belong to is a culture. Everyone belongs to a culture.

Other groups that people may be a member of are subcultures (also called co-culture) and subgroups. Subcultures exist within dominant culture, and are often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region.

Co-culture refers to groups or social communities exh 如ting communication characteristics, perceptions, values, beliefs, and practices that are significantly different enough to distinguish them from the other groups, communities, and the dominant culture.

Subgroups usually do not involve the same large number of people and are not necessarily thought of as accumulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do. Subgroups can be as small as a few people or as large as a major religion. Subgroups provide their members with norms that tell people how to behave and think. Subgroups can be considered "deviant" forms of behavior. Subgroups can also be defined as "non-exclusive" and "temporary" forms of behavior.

Chapter 2 intercultural communication

Communication

munication defined

ponents (组成)of communication

(sender/message/encoding/channel/receiver/decoding 编石马