初中宾语从句精讲精练

宾语从句精讲

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在复合句中充当主句的谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。如：I know that the man is a policeman.

主句引导词从句

宾语从句三要素:连接词、语序和时态。

Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词

1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：

My teacher said I was a good boy. 老师说我是个好男孩。

I am sure (that) he will succeed. 我相信他会成功的。

2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

(1) Is Jim a good student? I don’t know. →I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.

(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know? →Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?

注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况

•①与or not连用：He asked me whether or not I was coming.

•②在介词之后：It depends on whether it is going to rain.

•③在不定式之前：We haven’t decided whether to go there.

3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：

(1).What is she doing? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me what she is doing?

(2).Where does she live? Do you know? →Do you know where she lives?

原句式引导词从句语序例句

陈述句that 保持原序不变I think that we can be good friends.

一般疑问句if/whether 改为陈述语序I can’t remem ber if I posted the letter.

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序He asked why I was later for class.

当从句的原句以what, who，which等疑问词作从句主语时，语序不变：

e.g. I don’t know what’s wrong with her. Can you tell me who is over there?

Ⅲ.宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任意时态。

I don’t think (that) you are right.Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.

Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

特殊情况：

1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.

2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

宾语从句精练

1.I hope ________ it will snow this winter.

A. when

B. if

C. whether

D./

答案及解析：D hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2.—I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English.

A.why

B. when

C. how

D. where

答案及解析：A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。

3.I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.

A. whether

B. why

C. what

D. how

答案及解析：A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。

4.—Do you know ________？I’m going to see him.

—Sorry，I don’t know.

A.where does Mr. Li live

B. where did Mr. Li live

C. where Mr. Li lives

D. where Mr. Li lived

答案及解析：C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断，问的是“现在住哪儿？”。

5.—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer？

—Sorry，I have no idea.

A.／；bought

B. has；bought

C. did；buy

D. does；buy

答案及解析：A do you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该使用过去时态和陈述语序。

6.I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.

A. that

B. whether

C. why

D. where

答案及解析：C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。

7.—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?

—Sorry，I have no idea.

A. how much did she pay for

B. how much will she pay for

C. how much she paid for

D. how much she will pay for

答案及解析：C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。

8.I don’t know ________ tomorrow. Can you tell me?

A. when we started

B. when did we start

C. when we will start

D. when will we start

答案及解析：C由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。

9.In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ______Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.

A. that

B. how

C. what

D. if

答案及解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。

10.I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.

A. that how

B. how that

C. when that

D. that when

答案及解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。

11.—I wonder ________.

—Zebras.

A. what do they call these animals

B. how they call these animals

C. what they call these animals

D. how do they call these animals

答案及解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。

12. The old man told us _______ and ________.

A. to do what, to do how

B. what to do it, how to do it

C. what to do, how to do it

D. what to do, how to do 答案及解析：疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做do 的宾语；而在how 引导的不定式短语中，how 表示方式，do 为及物动词，因此需接宾语才正确。应选C

13.Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth.