《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记

《欧洲文化入门》知识点笔记

1、There are many elements constituting(组成) European Culture.

2、There are two major elements：Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.

3、The richness(丰富性) of European Culture was created by Greco-Roman element and Judeo-Christian element.

第一章

1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.

2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense(无限的)amount of slave labour.

3、Olympus mount，Revived in 1896(当代奥运会)

4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)‘s epics was created by Homer.

5、The events of Homer‘s own time. (错)

(They are not about events of Homer‘s own time，probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.)

6、The Homer‘s epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey.

7、Agamemnon，Hector，Achilles are in Iliad.

8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey.

9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)—→James Joyoe‘s Ulysses(描述一天的生活)。In the 20th century.

10、Drama in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.

11、三大悲剧大师①Aeschylus

《Prometheus Bound》—→模仿式作品Shelly《Prometheus Unbound》

②Sophocles(之首)

《Oedipus the King》—→Freud‘s “the Oedipus complex”(恋母情结) —→David Herbert Lawrence’s《Sons and lovers》(劳伦斯)447页

③Euripides

A.《Trojan Women》

B. He is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物

C. Elizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人)

D. Realism can be traced back (追溯到) to the Ancient Greece.

To be specific(具体来说)，Euripides.

12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页

Aristophanes writes about nature. —→浪漫主义湖畔派(The lakers )华兹华兹

13、History (Historical writing)史学创作新古典主义代表作家《格列夫游

记》《大人国小人国》《温和的提议》用讽刺的写作手法)

※“Father of History”—→Herodotus —→war(between Greeks and Persians)

This war is called Peleponicion wars. 博罗奔泥撒，3

只是陈述史实，并没有得出理论。

※“The greatest historian that ever lived.”(有史以来最伟大的历史学家) —→Thucydides —→war (Sparta，Athens and Syracuse)

14、The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars.

15、受希腊文化影响的传教士St. Paul. Democritus (Materialism)

16、希腊文化中的哲学被基督教所吸收

17、①Euclid‘s Elements解析几何

It was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century. (历史地位)

②Archimedes

His work not only in geometry几何学，but also in arithmetic算术，mechanics机械，and hydrostatics.流体静力学

选择：Give me a place to stand，and I will move the world.谁的理论(Archimedes)

18、Architecture古希腊建筑三大风格temple—→Parthenon巴台农神庙

①The Doric style

is also called masculine style. (宏伟的) (陶立克式的〔纯朴、古老的希腊建筑风格〕)

but the Doric style is monotonous and unadorned (单调)

is sturdy (坚强的)，powerful, severe-looking (庄严肃穆) and showing a good sense of proportions and numbers.

②The Ionic style(爱奥尼亚式的)

is also called the feminine style. (阴柔的)

is graceful (优雅的) and elegant (优美的)。

The Ionic style often shows a wealth of ornament. (装饰性)

③The Corinthian style((古希腊)科林斯(式)的)

is known for its ornamental luxury. (奢侈)

19、The famous temples：The Acropolis (雅典的卫城)at Athens and the Parthenon.

20、The burning of Corinth in 146 B.C. Marked Roman conquest of Greece.

21、The melting between Roman Culture and Greek Culture. (罗马征服希腊的标志)

22、From 146 B.C.，Latin was the language of the western half of the Roman Empire.