主语补足语例子

主语补足语例子

【篇一：主语补足语例子】

主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语.

eg.they caught boy stealing.

被动语态 the boy was caught stealing.

stealing 即为主语补足语

被动语态后的主语补足语

对于主语补足语,语法家们各有不同的看法.有的把连系动词后面的部分称作主语补足语；有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语,与被动语态一起称作复合谓语.笔者通过教学体会到,还是把被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语好些.这是因为学生很容易接受“宾语补足语”,而如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句,原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了.

一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的.例如：

(1) i saw him playing basketball yesterday.

(2) he was seen playing basketball yesterday.

句（1）中的含义不是我看见他,而是我看见他正在打篮球.playing basketball是宾语him的补足语.所以叫宾语补足语.

句（2）中的含义也不是他被看,而是别人看见他正在打篮球.这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语,故称作主语补足语.主语和

主语补足语一起称作复合主语.所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态,谓语动词是可以接复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的及物动词.句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语.

二、主语补足语形式种种

1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语.例如：

① the dog is called karl.

② coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight.

③ he was found the right man for the job.

2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语.例如：

① the door was painted white.

② the old man was found weak.

③ the classroom is always kept clean every day.

3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语.例如：

① he is often heard reading english.

② the professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab.

③ the glass was found broken.

④ the classroom was found crowded with people.

4.感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语.例如：

① he was seen to come upst

airs.

② ice is known to be in a solid state.

③ the spy was ordered to be hanged.

5. 介词短语用作主语补足语.例如：

① the books in the study must be kept in good order.

② he was found in good health.

③ english is considered of great importance for us.

6. as后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语.例如：

① english is taken as a useful means for research work.

② the news is considered as true.

③ the stool is usually thought as having four legs

④ the vase is thought as broken.

7. 由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语.例如：

the boy has been made what he is.

三、主语补足语的判别

1.看句中的动词是不是可接复合宾语,而且是不是被动语态,与此同时还要看其后部分的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语.

2. 另一种最简单的方法是：如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改成主动语态,加上一个主语we或people等.改成主动语态后,看后面是不是变成了“宾语+宾语补足语”了,这样我们就可以判别原句后面是不是主语补足语.例如：

被动句：she was found reading in the library. (主语补足语)

主动句：we found her reading in the library. (宾语+宾语补足语)被动语态

一、被动语态的用法：

1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词our classroom is cleaned everyday.

i am asked to study hard.

knives are used for cutting things.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

a new shop was built last year.

dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词

this book has been translated into many languages.

many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

a new hospital will be built in our city.

many more trees will be planted next year.

5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

young trees must be watered often.

your mistakes should be corrected right now.

the door may be locked inside.

your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词

uncle wang is mending my bike now.→

my bike is being repaired by tom now.

they are planting trees over there. →

trees are being planted over there by them.

7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

there are two books to be read. →

there are twenty more trees to be planted.

二、怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?

把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤：

1. 先找出谓语动词；

2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；

3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；

4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化.

例：1. bruce writes a letter every week. →a letter is written by bruce every week.

2. li lei mended the broken bike this morning.→the broken bike was mended by li lei this morning.