现在分词.(课堂PPT)

encouraging, inspiring, confusing,
disappointing 等。
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I heard Tom singing in his room.
主谓
宾 逻辑主语 宾补
3. 现在分词作宾补。
_宾__语__是现在分词的逻辑主语。分词和逻 辑主语之间是_主__动__关系，而且表示动作 _正__在__进__行____。它主要用于两类动词后。
catch; hear, listen to; smell; feel…
记3)忆I 的he方a法rd：TVom+ ssbi.ndgoiningg
in his
sth.
room.
e4.)g.Casneeysobu. dsominegllsatnh.ything burning?
5) I f“e看lt见th某e人h正ou在s做e s某h事ak”ing.
分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语（即分词动作 的发出者）一般要与句中的主语保持一 致．〔这个是重点,是考试和高考的常考点, 大家必须记住〕
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１）现在分词作状语,表时间。 可以转化为一 个由when/ while等引导的时间状语从句。
• eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.
2. 一个行人
_a__w_a_l_k_i_n_g__m_a__n_
3. 一张笑脸
_a__s_m__il_in_g__f_a_c_e__
4. 中国是一个发展中国家。
_C_h_i_n_a__is__a__d_e_v_e_l_o_p_i_n_g__c_o_u__n_tr_y_._
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完成句子。
1.有人在校门口等你。 There’s someone _w_a_i_ti_n_g_ __fo_r__ you at the school gate.
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第1)一I 类sa动w词h：im_感_c_官r_o_s动s词in(g表th示e感s觉tre和e心t.理状
态2)的T动he词t)e，ac常h见er的c有au：ght him cheating
see, watch, look at, notice, observe, find,
in the exam.
=Though he had failed many times, he didn't lose heart.
５）现在分词作状语，表结果, 可以转化为一个 并列句
e.g. His friend died, leaving Tom a lot of money.
= His friend died, and he left Tom a lot of money.
第二类动词：_使__役__动词(表示指使意义的 动词)，常见的有：
have, keep, leave, …
记忆的方法：V + sb. doing sth.
e.g.
have
sb.
doing
sth.
“使/让某人一直做某事” 14
Translation:
1.昨天，我在街上看到一个小女孩在哭。 I saw a little girl _c_r_y_in__g_ in the street yesterday.
the south. ②The factory making these pens is a
small one. →The factory which/that makes these
pens is a small one.
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Translation:
1. 在空中飞舞的树叶 _fa__ll_in__g_l_e_a_v_e_s___
2.他们住在一间面向大街的房子。 They live in a house __fa_c_i_n_g___ the street.
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句型转换。
1. The people who are sitting beside us are all teachers.
The people ___s_it_t_in_g__b_e_s_id__e_u_s_______ are all teachers.
the wet clothes. 宾语补足语 5) Working hard, you will succeed.
状语
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a sleeping baby = A baby who is sleeping a dancing girl = A girl who is dancing
1 现在分词作定语：
Two days later I received a letter
_o_ff_e_r_in_g__m_e__t_h_e_j_o_b_______.
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The news is shocking.
The book is very interesting.
2. 现在分词作表语。
表示主语的某种性质和特征，相当于_形__容__
③分词短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名 词之_后___。所修饰的名词是现在分词的 _逻_辑__主语，分词和逻辑主语之间是 _主__动__关系。此时相当于一个__定__语_从句。
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The girl reading there is my sister. = The girl who is reading there is my sister. His brother, working as a doctor, lives in Beijing.
newspaper. • 注意：分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，
要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系 用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 .
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现在分词（The Present Participle） 一. 现在分词构成:doing 二、现在分词的两个基本特点。 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。 2. 例如： 3. a developing country. 一个发展中的国 4. boiling water 沸水 5. the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。 6. (试比较： a developed country 一个发达国
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三、现在分词的语法功能
1) coming week 2）running water
3) a sleeping child
4) flying fish
5) working people
6) a running boy= A boy who is running
7) The girl standing there is my sister.
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６）现在分词作状语，表方式。 e.g. Please answer the question using
another way. ７）现在分词作状语，表伴随。可以转化为一
个并列句 e.g. He sat there reading a newspaper. He sat there and he was reading a
2. The wallet which is lying on the ground is mine.
The wallet _ly_i_n_g_o__n_t_h_e_g_r_o_u_n_d_ is mine.
3. Two days later I received a letter which offered me the job.
e.g. Working hard, you will succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.
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４）现在分词作状语，表让步。可以转化为一 个由though/although引导的让步状语从句.
e.g. Having failed many times, he didn't lose heart.
2.你千万别让他们等。 You shouldn’t keep them _w_a_i_t_in_g_.
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4．现在分词作状语。
现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结 果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或 主动的动作。
注意: 作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时一般 位于句首， 且与后面用逗号隔开，能转换 为一个相应的状语从句; 而作结果、方式、 伴随状语时一般位于句尾。
• →Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.
② The comrades working in the countryside will
be back tomorrow.
→ The comrades who are working in the
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２）现在分词作状语，表原因。可以转化为 一个由as, because等引导的原因状语从句。
e.g. Being ill, she stayed at home. = As she was ill, she stayed at home.
3）现在分词作状语，表条件。可以转化为一 个由if/unless等引导的条件状语从句。
= His brother, who works as a doctor lives in Beijing.
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• 现在分词作定语，要注意现在分词所表示的 动作发生的时间。 一般说来，主要有下列两
种情况：
• 1）表示正在进行的动作（变为定语从句时 要用进行时态）。例如：
① Did you see the girl dancing with your brother.
①单个分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名 词之_前___。表示现在分词的动作_正__在___进行， 分词和所修饰的名词是逻辑上的_____主关动系。
②现在分词作定语时，一般可转换为定语
从句。
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• The girl readBaidu Nhomakorabeang there is my sister. • His brother, working as a doctor, • lives in Beijing.
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1) The boss had the workers working the whole night.
2) You shouldn’t keep your lights burning in the day.
3) The stone was too heavy to move, so I left it lying on the ground.
词，通常修饰_物___，译为“令__人_…__…__的____”。 常作表语的现在分词有: surprising,
astonishing, amazing, shocking,
interesting, amusing, entertaining, tiring,
boring, disturbing, moving, touching,
countryside will be back tomorrow.
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2) 表示经常性、习惯性动作或现在（当时） 的状态（变为定语从句时多用一般现在时 态或一般过去时态）。
①We lived in a room facing the south. → We lived in a room which/that faced
家， boiled water 开水，the risen sun 升 起的太阳)
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2. 在语态上表示主动。 例如： the ruling class 统治阶级
the exploiting class 剥削阶级。 （试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级，
the exploited class 被剥削阶级）
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朗读下列词组或句子，判断划线部分做什么句子 成分？做该成分的是什么词？ 1) coming week 定语 2) The girl standing there is my sister. 定语 3) The news is shocking. 表语 4) Soon they could see the steam rising from
= When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him. 当我在街上走时，我看到他了．
• 当要表达正在进行的动作时 我们可以在分 词前面加上when／while，那么上面的例句 就可以改写为When/While walking in the street, I saw him.（其实有的时候也可以理 解为时间状语从句中的省略 但是，不是时 时成立的）