考研英语 长难句详解分析
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文f
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含译文1. If you feel awkward being humorous , you must practice so that it becomes more natural . Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remark which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner .结构：•条件状语从句：If you [主] feel [谓] awkward being humorous [宾] ,•you [主] must practice [谓]•目的状语从句：so that it [主] becomes [谓] more natural [宾].•Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remark [主]•定语从句：which you [主] can deliver [谓] in a relaxed and unforced manner [宾]单词：Casual a.随便的非正式的临时的偶然的Off-the-cuff a.即兴的Deliver vt.交付发表Manner n.方式词组：So that 为了解析：•if引导条件状语从句•So that引导目的状语从句•which引导定语从句修饰remark，句子中不做成分直译：如果表达幽默时你感到尴尬，那么为了变得更加自然你必须进行练习。
包括用轻松的和随意的方式表达一些偶然的和明显即兴的评论译文：如果你不擅长应用幽默，你就必须练习，以便你的幽默显得更加自然。
内容包括一些随意的，显然是即兴的话语，你能够以轻松，自然的方式将他们说出来重点：•So that 为了•if引导条件状语从句•So that引导目的状语从句•which引导定语从句修饰remark，句子中不做成分2. Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile , so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark .结构：•Often it’s [主+谓] the delivery [宾]•定语从句：which [主] causes [谓] the audience to smile [宾] ,•目的状语从句：so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look [主] may help [谓] to show •宾语从句：that you [主] are making [谓] a light-hearted remark [宾]单词：Delivery n.演讲方式递交Light-heart 轻松的解析：•Which引导定语从句，修饰delivery，在句子中作主语•That 引导宾语从句，作remember的宾语•That 引导宾语从句，作show的宾语直译：通常，让听众笑起来的是表达方式，所以，要说的慢点和记得扬起眉毛或者用不可思议的表情，这样能帮助展现出你正在轻松的做评论译文：通常是说话的方式使听众发笑，所以，说的慢一些，并且记住眉毛上扬或者露出一副难以置信的表情，这有助于表明你在做轻松的评论重点：•Which引导定语从句，修饰delivery，在句子中作主语•That 引导宾语从句，作remember的宾语•That 引导宾语从句，作show的宾语3. Look for the humor . It often comes from the unexpected .结构：Look for the humor .It [主] often comes from [谓] the unexpected [宾].词组：Come from 来自直译：寻找幽默，幽默通常来自意外译文：去追寻幽默吧，它常常来自意料之外4. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed , give up ”ora play on words or on situation . Search for exaggeration and understatements .结构：• A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don’t succeed , give up ”or a play on words or on situation .•Search for exaggeration and understatements .单词：Twist n.转折扭曲Exaggeration n.夸张Understatement n.轻描淡写的描述不充分的描述低调的描述词组：Give up 放弃Give in 屈服投降Search for 寻找探索Play on 有意利用解析：•Or 连接三个并列句直译：在熟知谚语上使用转折，比如“如果你起初没有成功，那么就放弃吧”或者刻意利用文字或者情景。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析前置引用
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析前置引用That，of course，is too simple. The reason is that there are two possible relations between your mind and the book, not just one. These two relations are exemplified by two different experiences that you can have in reading your book.【翻译】那样想当然太简单了。
原因是在你的大脑和书之间有两种可能的关系，而不仅仅是一种关系。
这两种关系可以通过两种不同的经历来加以例证，这两种不同的经历是你在读书的时候体验到的。
【语法分析】第一句是一个简单句，主系表。
注意这里的主语that指的是上一段的最后一句话，也就是your success in reading it is determined by the extent to which you receive everything the writer intended to communicate.作者的意思是，如果你要那样想，那就太简单，太肤浅了，就想错了。
第二句是一个主从复合句，也是一个主系表结构。
但是它的表语是一个由that引导的表语从句。
表语从句是一个there be句型。
第三句也是一个主从复合句，被动语态。
介词短语by two different experiences是状语。
在experiences的后面还跟了一个定语从句that you can have in reading your book，修饰前面的experiences.(你在读书时可能会体验到的经历)。
You have a mind. Now let us suppose that you also have a book that you want to read. The book consists of language written by someone for the sake of communicating something to you. Your success in reading it is determined by the extent to which you receive everything the writer intended to communicate.【翻译】小标题: 阅读的目的: 为了获取信息而阅读，以及为了理解而阅读你有一个大脑。
考研长难句讲解
考研长难句讲解一、考研长难句是啥？宝子们，考研长难句啊，就像是考研英语路上的一个个小怪兽。
你想啊，那些句子老长了，单词又多，结构还复杂得很。
比如说那种从句套从句的，就像俄罗斯套娃一样，一个套一个。
有时候一个句子里能有好几个不同的从句，像定语从句、状语从句啥的混在一起，看一眼就感觉脑袋嗡嗡的。
二、为啥要搞懂长难句？这可太重要啦！考研英语里阅读占了很大的比重呢。
那些阅读文章里到处都是长难句。
要是搞不懂长难句，就好像在雾里看花，文章都理解不了，还咋做题呀？而且翻译题就更不用说了，要是长难句都弄不明白，翻译出来的东西肯定是乱七八糟的。
三、长难句的结构类型1. 从句类型定语从句是很常见的一种。
比如说“This is the book which I bought yesterday.”这里的“which I bought yesterday”就是定语从句，用来修饰“book”的。
状语从句呢，像“When I was young, I liked reading.”这里的“When I was young”就是时间状语从句，告诉我们动作发生的时间。
2. 并列结构有时候长难句里会有很多并列的成分。
比如“He likes reading, writing and singing.”这里的“reading, writing and singing”就是并列的宾语。
四、分析长难句的小技巧1. 找主干就像大树一样，先找到树干，再看树枝。
把那些修饰的成分先去掉，找到句子的主谓宾。
比如说在“The boy who is wearing a red hat is my brother.”这个句子里，先把“who is wearing a red hat”这个定语从句去掉，就剩下“The boy is my brother.”这样就很容易理解句子的主要意思了。
2. 分析从句看到从句的时候，要弄清楚它在句子里的作用。
是修饰名词的定语从句，还是表示时间、地点、原因等的状语从句呢？比如说在“Although it was raining heavily, he still went to school.”这个句子里，“Although it was raining heavily”是让步状语从句，表示一种让步的关系。
考研英语真题典型长难句解析结构分析附译文
考研英语真题典型长难句解析结构分析附译文We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.词汇突破:ornament [ˈɔːnəmənt]n. 装饰；[建][服装] 装饰物；教堂用品vt. 装饰，修饰结构分析:本句的主干结构是We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews。
published in England 是newspaper reviews 的后置定语。
between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II 是主句的时间状语，at a time是between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II 的同位语，进行解释说明，后面紧跟一个when 引导的定语从句，其中还含有一个介词加which 的定语从句修饰修饰the publications。
参考译文:从20世纪初到第二次世界大战前夕，英国报纸上发表的评论更加散乱，那时新闻纸非常便宜，时尚的艺术评论被视为出版物的点缀。
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.词汇突破:criticism [ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm]n. 批评；考证；苛求结构分析:本句是一个主从复合句，其主干结构是It is difficult to imagine a time。
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary — the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。
主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。
从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。
破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。
注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。
2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport .【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析形式主语But the packaging is often done so effectively that the viewer, listener, or reader does not make up his own mind at all. Instead, he inserts a packaged opinion into his mind , somewhat like inserting a cassette into a cassette player. He then pushes a button and "plays back" the opinion whenever it seems appropriate to do so. He has performed acceptably without having had to think.【翻译】但是打包的工作通常做得实在是太有效了，以至于观众、听众和读者压根就不做决定了。
相反，他把打包好的观点插入自己的大脑，有点像把磁带插入播放机里。
然后每当看起来适合播放的时候，他就摁一下按钮，“回放”一下那个观点。
他不需要非得思考，就已经能做到可接受的程度了。
【语法分析】第一句是一个主从复合句。
这个句子是由so... that... 连接起来的。
so所在的句子是主句，从that 开始是从句，that 引导的结果状语从句。
not... at all表示否定，而且，在not后面加上at all 之后，是对否定语气的强化，翻译成“压根不，一点也不......”第二句是一个简单句。
这一句用的句型是insert... into...把......插入......。
packaged是个过去分词，作定语，修饰opinion“被打了包的观点”，不是零散的好几个观点。
后面是like引导的介词短语，作状语。
解析考研英语阅读中长难句
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长难句之分门别类篇
1.带有较多成分 的简单句
去枝叶, 留主干。
Schools acro介ss词C短h语ina araerexepxepcetcetdedtotohihreire 定50语,000 ccoollleeggeeggrraadduuaatteessthi时s 间ye状ar语as sh介o词rt短-te语rm teachers, almost three times同th位e语number hired last year, t过o去h分el词p 做re定d语uce un不em定p式lo做y状m语ent pressures . (2009 江苏)
driver would meet the windshield ③with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.
分析：①是状语从句，②是主句，③ 是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。 这样，把整个句子划为3个意群，可以大 大提高阅读速度。
------找从属连词,分析从句, 理解句意。 3.含有插入成分的句子
------忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题。 4. 倒装句------确定主语, 调整语序, 把握大意。 5. 成分省略
------把握大意, 找出对应信息, 补充省略成分。
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1. 意群阅读法
①When two cars travelling at 30 mh hit each other， ②an unbelted
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长难句之朝花夕拾篇
简单句 句子种类 复合句
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文
考研英语必考长难句详解含译文1. At the end of the day, there’s probably little reasonto pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.at the end of the day：pay attention to：panic：2. Those suffering from persistent nightmare s should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.suffer from：persistent：nightmare：work through：往下翻，对对答案~~~1. At the end of the day, there’s probably little reasonto pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.at the end of the day：说到底，不管怎么说pay attention to：关注panic：n. 恐慌译文：总的来说，我们几乎没有理由在意所做的梦，除非它们使我们无法安睡或“从惊恐中醒来”，卡特赖特认为。
2. Those suffering from persistent nightmare s should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.suffer from：遭受persistent：adj. 持续的nightmare：n. 噩梦work through：克服译文：那些长期遭受噩梦折磨的人应该寻求治疗专家帮助。
考研英语长难句分析
1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise thanan intuitive one.词汇突破：cognitive 认知的〔后天习得的〕Intuitive 先天的与以上这组单词概念一样的表达还有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天习得；Determine 决定Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有along with ; combined with等。
主干识别：句子的主语是This success与later research ；谓语是led; 宾语是Ericsson; 不定式短语to conclude 做状语；主干构造是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that …其他成分：在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语，在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语；在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语；more…than构造翻译为与其说，不如说。
微观解析：由于主语中的第二个并列成分比拟长，且是用两个逗号隔开的，在阅读的时候可以跳读；把This success与动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。
译文赏析：这种成功与后来说明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。
2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.词汇突破：visualize 想象Figure out 发现与找出Suits 使…适合主干识别：句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句，it是句子的形式主语；句子主干为: How …is not obvious.在主语从句中主语是capacity，谓语是suits 宾语是one ;其他成分：状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语；动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
考研长难句分析100例解析
长难句分析100例（一）Such behavior is regarded as “all too human,”with the underlying（潜在的、内在的）assumption that sloth （懒惰）is one of the sevens inherent sins of human being（人类）（二）（三）Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by（四）（五）Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow oran unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.（六）（七）If robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves -- goals that pose a real challenge.（八）（九） Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect ” ,a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects -- a good one （that is intended and a harmful ） one （ that is foreseen ）-- is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.（十）Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insistedthat they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”（十一）（十二）Medical licensing boards “must make it clear that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension.”（十三）whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.（十四）Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas.（十五）Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, （whose arguments are confusing the public and（十六）If scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.（十七）Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when（修饰前边的spell 一小段时间a short interval）it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.（十八）For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure (that encouraged readers not to use anything (that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines)).（十九）To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.（二十）Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment.（二十一）In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersystems, causing heightened（二十二）Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.（二十三）Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases.（二十四）It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional.（二十五）25、Physicians -- frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient -- too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified（二十六）26、Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm “have a duty to die and get out of the way,” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.（二十七）27、These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age.（二十八）28、It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.（二十九）29、When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches.（三十）30、This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.（三十一）31、It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.（三十二）32、Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.（三十三）33、Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（三十四）34、Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.（三十五）35、Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.（三十六）36、“Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.（三十七）37、However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.（三十八）38、And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.（三十九）39、However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.（四十）40、Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?（四十一）41、But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.（四十二）42、With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.（四十三）43、If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.（四十四）44、Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.”（四十五）45、The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.（四十六）46、Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.（四十七）47、At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says.（四十八）48、In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.（四十九）While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.（五十）50、Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers.（五十一）51、There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.（五十二）52、It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.（五十三）53、It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.（五十四）54、Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.（五十五）55、They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.（五十六）56、What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.（五十七）57、That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.（五十八）58、What we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.（五十九）59、If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months.（六十）60、whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information.（六十一）61、It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.（六十二）62、Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership--that is, it predicted the opposite.（六十三）63、As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback——a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.（六十四）64、Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.（六十五）65、From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders（六十六）66、Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort ofnasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.（六十七）67、Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.（六十八）68、Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, the most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.（六十九）69、Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.（七十）70、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions（七十一）71、Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals are her increased “opportunities” for stress.（七十二）72、The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.（七十三）73、The Internet – with pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality.（七十四）74、The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.（七十五）75、Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories（七十六）76、If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42.（七十七）77、Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.（七十八）78、Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs.（七十九）79、They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.（八十）80、While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.（八十一）81、But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciouslydevelop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.82、At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed mostvaluable during the first decade or so of life.（八十二）83、It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.（八十三）84、Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .（八十四）85、The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.（八十五）86、The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England.87、While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully intellectualized.（八十六）88、It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.（八十七）89、“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”（八十八）90、During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.（八十九）91、In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.（九十）92、Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.（九十一）93、Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch.（九十二）94、In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected.（九十三）95、In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention.96、In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed.（九十四）97、The researchers’ argument stems from a simple observing about social influence: with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others.（九十五）98、Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.（九十六）99、As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.（九十七）100、Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products.（九十八）（九十九）（一○○）（一○一）（一○二）（一○三）（一○四）（一○五）（一○六）（一○七）（一○八）（一○九）（一一○）（一一一）（一一二）（一一三）（一一四）（一一五）（一一六）（一一七）（一一八）（一一九）（一二○）（一二一）（一二二）Whatever（状语从句）the differences two people may exhibit in jobs or careers（工作或事业）, those differences are swamped by how well/ deeply each person loves their parents（宾从）.不管两个人在工作或者事业上表现的差异有多大，这些差异在他们关爱父母的程度面前都显得无足轻重。
考研英语长难句精析(全)
考研英语长难句精析第一部分长难句基本句型近几年，考研英语出现了很多难句。
并且这些难句主要是长难句。
长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。
这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。
虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。
下面分别对这四种方式一一解析。
一、复合从句在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。
复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。
本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴，当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。
这种语法处理，并不是从语言学研究角度进行的，而是从教学角度出发做出的从简处理。
（一）简单复合从句简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。
套用从句，其实是最简单的长难句。
这类句子就像一根锁链，只要抓住句子的各个连接点，理出句子层次，就完全可以把握住。
在翻译定语从句时，“这（些/个）”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。
阅读时，定语从句一般可以跳过，实在不放心可以略读。
一般情况下，考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。
并列从句大致有四种情况：并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。
也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。
其实，并列从句和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同，只不过并列从句一般较长，会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。
并列从句修饰主语，就是说并列从句作状语。
这种句子很简单。
翻译时，可以直译，把从句作定语，直接放在主语前面。
如果从句很长，可以使用复指代词。
另外，翻译从句先行词时，要注意词性的转换，比如hope/ suggest之类的词有名动两种译法。
考生要切忌拘于词性。
并列从句修饰谓语就是说这些从句作状语。
一般情况下，这些从句都不完整，多为现在分词短语和过去分词短语。
事实上，现在分词短语和过去分词短语作状语或者定语，都可以看作是从句的一种更加灵活的表达方式。
并列从句修饰宾语。
宾语有两种，一种是单纯宾语，另一种是介宾结构中的准宾语。
考研英语长难句解析
考研英语长难句解析考研英语作为考研大纲中的一部分，对于众多考生而言是一块难以逾越的高山。
其中，长难句作为考研英语中的重点难点之一，无疑是考生们的心头之患。
本文将从长难句的定义、结构、解读以及应对策略等方面进行详细解析，帮助考生加深对长难句的理解，提高对长难句的分析能力。
1. 长难句的定义长难句，顾名思义，即指句子结构复杂，句子成分繁多，句子长度较长的句子。
在考研英语中，长难句常常在阅读理解和完型填空等题型中出现，要求考生准确理解句子的结构和含义，把握句子之间的逻辑关系。
2. 长难句的结构特点长难句的结构一般包含主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等多种成分，这些成分通常通过关联词（如关系代词、连接副词等）连接起来，形成一个复杂的句子结构。
此外，长难句中常常包含一些从句，例如定语从句、关系副词从句等，进一步增加了句子的复杂性。
3. 长难句的解读方法解读长难句需要考生充分理解句子的结构和含义，可以采用以下方法进行解析：a) 分析句子成分：首先确定长难句的主干部分（即主语和谓语），并明确其他成分的修饰关系。
b) 识别从句：寻找从句并确定从句的类型（定语从句、状语从句等），理解从句与主句之间的逻辑关系。
c) 理清语义关系：通过词义、上下文等手段理解词语之间的逻辑关系，把握全文的主旨。
4. 应对长难句的解析策略面对长难句，考生可以采取以下策略，提高解析长难句的能力：a) 学习句子结构：了解常见的句子结构和成分，并通过阅读和练习来熟悉不同类型的长难句结构。
b) 积累关键词汇：长难句中的关键词汇往往能够帮助考生理解句子的意思，因此积累和记忆关键词汇是非常重要的。
c) 阅读原文素材：通过阅读经典文献、科技期刊等学术资料，提高对长难句的解读能力和理解能力。
总结：长难句作为考研英语的重点内容之一，对考生来说是一个难题，但只要善于分析句子结构，采用科学的解析策略，相信考生一定能够在考试中得心应手。
因此，考生们在备考过程中一定要加强对长难句的学习和练习，提高自己的解析能力，以应对考试的挑战。
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文全
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim —a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.词汇突破:correspond [ˌkɒrəˈspɒnd]vi. 符合，一致；相应；通信结构分析:句子的主干是In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim。
破折号后面的a process 作主句的同位语，that 引导的定语从句修饰a process，后面的what 引导的从句作动词corresponds to 的宾语，其中含有一个describe…as…“把……描述成……”的结构。
参考译文:最后，一个发现的可信度“发生了”——这个过程符合哲学家安妮特·拜尔所描述的“心灵的共性”。
In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.词汇突破:idealized [aɪˈdɪəlaɪzd]adj. 理想化的v. 把…理想化；以理想的形式表现事物ideal [aɪˈdiːəl]adj. 理想的，最佳的；想象的，不切实际的n. 理想；典范，完美典型objective [əbˈdʒektɪv]n. 目的；目标；攻击目标；物镜；宾格adj. 客观的；客观存在的；目标的；宾格的objectivity [ˌɒbdʒekˈtɪvəti]n. 客观；客观性结构分析:句子的主干是facts are waiting to be observed and collected，about the world 作主语facts 的后置定语。
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文整套
考研英语真题长难句解析结构分析+译文Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter relaxed muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.词汇突破:indicate [ˈɪndɪkeɪt]vt. 表明；指出；预示；象征laughter [ˈlɑːftə(r)]n. 笑；笑声结构分析:句子的主干是Studies indicate。
现在分词短语dating back to the 1930s 作后置定语修饰studies。
that laughter relaxed muscles 引导一个宾语从句，decreasing muscle tone 在宾语从句中作结果状语，介词短语for up to 45 minutes 作时间状语，after the laugh dies down 是一个时间状语从句。
参考译文:追溯到20世纪30年代的研究表明，笑可以放松肌肉，在笑声消失后，肌肉张力会降低长达45分钟。
It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning.词汇突破:eliminate [ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt]v. 排除，消除element [ˈelɪmənt]n. 元素；要素；原理；成分；自然环境结构分析:本句的主干结构是It tends to ignore and to eliminate many elements。
句中两个that 引导的并列的定语从句，修饰elements。
考研英语长难句经典200句解析
1．Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It‟s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”结构分析：本句的主干是elders used to say…。
直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意not…but 结构。
参考译文：出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么，而是你能得到什么。
”2．You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.结构分析：这句话是and连接的两个并列句。
在第一个分句中，as是连词，引导比较状语从句，把a mental blueprint of a desire和a blueprint of a house相比较。
第二个分句中的主干结构是：each of us is…making blueprints…。
第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。
这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。
参考译文：你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图，就象给房子画蓝图那样。
实际上，在日常生活中，我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。
3．While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.结构分析：and 连接两个并列句。
2024年考研英语一长难句解析与答案详解
2024年考研英语一长难句解析与答案详解2024年考研英语I长难句解析与答案详解学术界对于长难句的定义多种多样。
简单来说，长难句是指句子结构复杂，由多个分句组成，或者包含很多修饰成分的句子。
在英语考研中，长难句是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，考察考生对于句子结构的理解和分析能力。
为了帮助考生更好地应对2024年考研英语I中的长难句题目，本文将对常见的长难句结构进行解析，并给出详细的答案解释。
1. 并列句并列句是由两个或多个具有相同地位的分句并列连接而成的句子。
常见的并列连词有and，or，but等。
在阅读理解中，经常会出现因果关系的并列句。
考例：John couldn't find his passport， so he missed his flight.解析：该句是一个简单的因果并列句，由两个独立的句子构成。
第一个分句是John couldn't find his passport，第二个分句是so he missed his flight。
两个分句之间通过并列连词so连接，表示因果关系。
所以，正确答案为John misses his flight because he can't find his passport.2. 定语从句定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在阅读理解中，常常会出现限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
考例：The book which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.解析：该句是一个限制性定语从句，修饰名词the book。
定语从句中的which引导的从句修饰先行词the book，在从句中充当主语。
所以，正确答案为I borrowed the book from the library.3. 状语从句状语从句是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句。
在阅读理解中，常常会出现时间状语从句、条件状语从句和原因状语从句等。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析方式状语
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析方式状语These two things are related. Reading is a complex activity, just as writing is. It consists of a large number of separate acts, all of which must be performed in a good reading. The person who can perform more of them is better able to read.【翻译】这两件事情是相互关联的。
阅读是一项复杂的活动，正如写作那样。
它由大量独立的行动组成，所有这些行动都必须在一次良好的阅读中体现出来。
一个能够做出更多行动的人，他的阅读效果会更好。
【语法分析】第一句是一个简单句，主系表结构。
第二句是一个主从复合句，Reading is a complex activity是主句，后面的as ... is是方式状语从句。
笼统地说，as是连词，意思是“像......一样”。
方式状语从句是状语从句的一种，表示主句的谓语发生时的样子、方式。
就像昨天最后一句话里的两个by短语，“通过...... 方式”。
本句的just as writing is，就是通过说明“正如写作是复杂的”这个方式，来说明“阅读是复杂的”这个特点。
第三句也是一个主从复合句。
逗号前面是主句，逗号后面是非限定性定语从句，与先行词acts隔开了，which指的就是先行词acts, all of which等于all of the acts.第四句也是一个主从复合句。
句子的主干是The person is able to read，而who can perform more of them是一个定语从句，修饰person. 这里的them指的就是the acts.这个句子里也用了比较句型more ... than...，只是在这里把than省略了。
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析强调句型
2024考研英语长难句解析含译文语法分析强调句型Both are active, though the activities are different. If anything is passive, it is the ball. It is the inert thing that is put in motion or stopped, whereas the players are active, moving to pitch, hit or catch.【翻译】双方都是主动的，尽管活动不同。
如果有什么东西是被动的，那个东西就是棒球。
恰好是那个没有自主行动能力的球，被迫动了起来或者被停止。
而打棒球的人则是主动的，他跑动着去投球，击球或接球。
【语法分析】第一句虽然很短，但它是一个主从复合句。
though引导的是一个让步状语从句。
在英语里，状语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句的后面。
但是放在主句前面或者后面，强调的重点却是不一样的。
如果放在后面，强调的是主句。
放在前面，强调的是状语从句。
就像这句话，强调的是接球手和击球手都是主动的both are active这一共同点。
第二句也是一个主从复合句。
If引导的是一个条件状语从句，逗号后面是主句。
It指的是前面的anything.大家注意，这一句的条件状语从句就放在了主句的前面，强调了主句，与第一句里的both are active相对立。
第三句是一个并列句。
用whereas这个并列连词把两个分句连接起来。
whereas的意思相当于but，只是它的转折语气没有but那么强烈。
先看第一个分句。
这是一个强调句型，it is... that...It is后面跟的是被强调的成分，that后面跟的是其他成分。
强调句型是作者想强调句子中的某一个成分时，所使用的一种特殊句型。
打乱了句子的正常顺序，把被强调的成分先提出来，放在it is后面，其他成分的顺序则保持不变。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译n
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. Bankers have been blaming themselves for their trouble in public . Behind the scenes , they have been taking aim at someone else : the accounting standard-setters .结构：•Bankers [主] have been blaming [谓] themselves for their trouble in public [宾] .•Behind the scenes [状], they [主] have been taking [谓] aim at someone else [宾] :•补充说明：the accounting standard-setters .单词：account n.账户客户报道vt.认为把...视为Accounting n.会计会计学账单v.解释叙述Setter n.制定者决定者词组：•Aim at 旨在瞄准针对•Accounting standard 会计准则解析：冒号表示补充说明，这里补充说明someone else直译：银行家一直在公共场合忏悔自己的错误。
在公共场合之外，他们一直针对会计准则制定者译文：在公开场合，银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎己身。
私底下，他们却一直将矛头对准他人：会计准则制定者重点：•Aim at 旨在瞄准针对•Accounting standard 会计准则•冒号表示补充说明，这里补充说明someone else2. Their rules , moan the banks , have forced them to report enormous losses , and it’s just not fair .结构：•Their rules [主] , moan the banks [插入语], have forced [谓] them to report enormous losses [宾] ,•and it’s [主系] just not fair [表] .单词：moan v.抱怨呻吟n.抱怨解析：•主谓之间有插入语，moan the banks直译：银行家抱怨，制定者制定的规则迫使他们报告巨大的损失，这是不公平的译文：银行抱怨，会计准则制定者所制定的规则迫使他们报告巨大的损失，这样是不公平的重点：•主谓之间有插入语，moan the banks3. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay , not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch .结构：•These rules [主] say [谓]•宾语从句：they [主] must value [谓] some assets at the price •定语从句：a third party [主] would pay [谓] , not the price •定语从句：managers and regulators [主] would like [谓] them to fetch [宾]单词：Asset n.资产Regulator n.监管人监管机构Fetch vt.卖的去取（物）去接（人）词组：Third party 第三方解析：•句子中有三个从句，一个宾语从句，两个定语从句•宾语从句包含这两个定语从句•They must...是宾语从句，省略引导词that• A third party...是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that•Managers and regulators... 是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that直译：这些规则规定，他们必须用第三方愿意支付的价格来评估某些资产，而不是用管理人和监管人认为他们能够卖出的价格评估译文：规则规定，银行必须以第三方愿意收购的价格，而非管理者和监管者期望他们能够卖的价格来评估部分资产重点：•句子中有三个从句，一个宾语从句，两个定语从句•宾语从句包含这两个定语从句•They must...是宾语从句，省略引导词that• A third party...是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that •Managers and regulators... 是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that4. Unfortunately , bank’s lobbying now seems to be working . The details may be unknowable , but the independence of standard-setters , essential to the proper functioning of capital markets , is being compromised .结构：•Unfortunately , bank’s lobbying now [主] seems to [系] be working [表] .•The details [主] may be [系] unknowable [表] , but the independence of standard-setters [主] , essential to the proper functioning of capital markets [插入语] , is being compromised [谓（被动）]单词：Lobby vt.游说n.大厅休息室游说议员的团体Hobby n.兴趣爱好嗜好Compromise n.折衷妥协和解v.违背是陷入危险词组：May be 可能解析：•But the independence...句子中有一个插入语直译：不幸的是，如今银行家的游说似乎起作用了，详细的内容可能不会被知道，但是规则制定者的独立性，对于资本市场的适当作用是必要的，正在被威胁译文：不幸的是，银行的游说似乎有了成效。
考研英语典型长难句及解析
考研英语典型长难句及解析考研英语典型长难句及解析之一1. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep (2), electricity is working for us (1), driving our refrigerators, heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned (3).电仍在为我们工作。
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作。
即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作——开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。
2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life" (1), the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials (2).可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”。
可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment (2), they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it (1).他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。
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考研英语长难句详解分析一、句子层面口诀：状主谓宾(系表）状。
前状，——, 主语, ——，（小状）谓/系（小状），——，宾(表)/补，——, 后状.六块切分：①前状②主语③谓(系) ④宾(表)/补⑤后状⑥插入语（位置灵活）二、短语层面口诀1.名词短语：（前）中（后）结构前①限定词+前②形容词+中心词+后修饰2. 动词短语：动宾（系表）补状01Of course, I need to concede that my collection of 'Smiling Victorians' makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第一步全句切分①前状：Of course②主语：I③谓：need④宾(表)/补to concede that my collection of 'Smiling Victorians' makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.⑤后状：无⑥插入语（位置灵活）：无第二步宾语部分to do 不定式to concede that my collection of 'Smiling Victorians' makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第三步动词不定式的宾语that 名词性从句that my collection of 'Smiling Victorians' makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第四步名词性从句句子层面my collection of 'Smiling Victorians' makes up only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.①前状：无②主语：my collection of 'Smiling Victorians'③谓语：makes up④宾语：only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.⑤后状：无⑥插入语：无第五步宾语部分名词短语only a tiny percentage of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.前①：only a前②：tiny中心词：percentage后修饰：of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第六步后修饰介宾短语of the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第七步介词的宾语名词短语the vast catalogue of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.前①the前②：vast中心词：catalogue后修饰：of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第八步后修饰判定为介宾短语of photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第九步介词的宾语名词短语photographic portraiture created between 1840 and 1900, the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.前②：photographic中心词：portraiture后修饰①：created between 1840 and 1900后修饰②：the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.第十步后修饰②定语从句the majority of which show sitters posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or staring absently into the middle distance.主语：the majority of which谓语：show宾语：sitters （平行并列①）posing miserably and stiffly in front of painted backdrops, or （平行并列②）staring absently into the middle distance.参考译文当然，我要承认，1840年至1900年间，有大量肖像摄影作品问世，其中大多数作品展示的是，人坐在彩绘背景前，表情痛苦且姿势僵硬，或是茫然地盯着中间位置；我收藏的“微笑的维多利亚人”只占很小的比例。