定语从句语法概要

1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词名词或代词之后。

4.引导词引导定语从句的词包括关系代词和关系副词。

1关系代词that/who/whom/which/as

2关系副词when/where/why

5.引导词的位置位于定语从句之前先行词之后。【as除外】

6.引导词的功能作用

1连接先行词和定语从句。

2在定语从句中充当一定的成分关系代词充当主语或宾语关系副词充当状语。

7.定语从句的类型

1限定性定语从句主句和定语从句之间无逗号。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

②由介词+关系代词whom/which引导

The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前也可放在从句之尾。例如

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

2非限定性定语从句主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句。

②由介词+关系代词whom/which引导。

I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.

There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book.

③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指

人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或

of which连用。

He has five children, two of whom are abroad.

(比较He has five children, and two of them are abroad.) We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.

(比较We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外其余引导词都可以用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

2.非限定性定语从句的作用它只是补充说明先行词的情况翻译时可译成两

个句子。

The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital. 那位工程师被很快送往医院其腿部受了重伤

The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital. 那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院

3.在非限定性定语从句中任何引导词都不能省略包括引导词在此定语从句

中充当宾语在内。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom; 指物做主

语宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where也不能省略。

The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.

The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.

The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.

He went to America, ______ his parents live.

He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.

4.whose引导非限定性定语从句

The house, whose window faces south, is mine.

The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.

二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。

1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词又作定语从句的主语

不能省略。

Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?

2.whom/who/that指人是宾格在定语从句中代替先行词又作定语从句的宾