美国各部门名称翻译

【珍藏】美国政府结构名称中英文对照

【珍藏】美国政府结构名称中英文对照GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES美国政府CONSTITUTION宪法一、LEGISLATIVE BRANCH立法部门Congress国会Senate参议院House of Representatives众议院Architect of the Capitol国会大厦Congressional Budget Office国会预算办公室General Accounting Office总会计署Government Printing Office印刷局Library of Congress美国国会图书馆Office of Technology Assessment国会技术评估办公室Stennis Center for Public Service ：Stennis公众服务中心二、EXECUTIVE BRANCH行政部门President总统Vice President副总统Executive Office of the President总统行政办公室Council of Economic Advisers总统经济顾问委员会Council on Environmental Quality总统环境质量委员会National Economic Council国家经济委员会National Security Council国家安全委员会Office of Management and Budget管理与预算办公室Office of National AIDS Policy国家艾滋病政策办公室Office of National Drug Control Policy国家麻醉品控制政策办公室Office of Science and Technology Policy科技政策办公室President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Boa rd总统国外情报顾问委员会U.S. Trade Representative美国贸易代表White House Office for Women’s Initiatives and Out reach 白宫妇女办公室Department of Agriculture农业部Department of Commerce商业部Department of Defense国防部Department of Education教育部Department of Energy能源部Department of Health and Human Services卫生和公共事业部Department of Housing and Urban Development住宅与城市发展部Department of the Interior内务部Department of Justice司法部Department of Labor劳工部Department of State国务院Department of Transportation交通部Department of the Treasury财政部Department of Veterans Affairs退伍军人事务部Independent Establishments, Government Corporations, and Quasi-official Agencie s独立机构、政府法人社团和半官方中介机构Advisory Council on Historic Preservation历史保护咨询委员会Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局Commission on Civil Rights民权委员会Commodity Futures Trading Commission商品期货贸易委员会Consumer Product Safety Commission消费者产品安全委员会Corporation for National Service国家服务团Environmental Protection Agency环保局Equal Employment Opportunity Commission平等就业机会委员会Export-Import Bank of the United States美国进出口银行FarmCredit Administration农业信贷管理局Federal Communications Commission联邦通讯委员会Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation联邦储蓄保险公司Federal Election Commission联邦选举委员会Federal Emergency Management Agency联邦紧急事务管理局Federal Labor Relations Authority联邦劳工关系局Federal Maritime Commission联邦海事委员会Federal Reserve System联邦储备银行系统Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board联邦退休储蓄和投资委员会Federal Trade Commission联邦贸易委员会General Services Administration总务管理局Merit Systems Protection Board功绩制保护委员会National Aeronautics and Space Administration国家航空航天局National Archives and Records Administration国家档案局National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities国家艺术人文基金会National Labor Relations Board国家劳工关系委员会National Railroad Passenger Corporation国家铁路客运公司National Performance Review国家绩效评估委员会National Science Foundation国家科学基金会National Transportation Safety Board国家交通安全委员会Nuclear Regulatory Commission核管理委员会Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission职业安全与健康管理局Office of Government Ethics政府道德办公室Office of Personnel Management人事管理办公室Office of Special Counsel特别检察官办公室Overseas Private Investment Corporation海外私人投资公司Peace Corps和平队Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation养老金受益担保公司Postal Rate Commission邮政费率委员会Railroad Retirement Board铁道职工退休委员会Securities and Exchange Commission证券交易委员会Selective Service System义务兵役管理部Small Business Administration小企业主利益保护局Smithsonian Institution史密森学会Social Security Administration社会保障部Tennessee Valley Authority田纳西州河谷授权委员会U.S. Agency for International Development美国国际开发署U.S. International Trade Commission美国国际贸易委员会U.S. Postal Service美国邮政服务局U.S. Trade and Development Agency美国贸易及发展署Voice of America美国之音三、JUDICIAL BRANCH司法机构Supreme Court最高法院U.S. Courts of Appeals美国地区法院U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit美国联邦巡回地区法院U.S. District Courts联邦地方法院U.S. Court of Federal Claims联邦申诉法庭U.S. Court of International Trade国际贸易法院U.S. Tax Court税务法院U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces武装部队地区法院U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals退伍军人地区法院Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts美国法院行政管理办公室Federal Judicial Center联邦司法中心。

美国政府机构组织名称翻译词汇

美国政府机构组织名称翻译词汇U.S. Institutions 美国行政机构总统办事机构：(Executive Office of the President)白宫办公厅(The White House Office)副总统办公厅(Office of the Vice President of the United States)行政管理和预算办公室(Office of Management and Budget)经济顾问委员会(Council of Economic Advisers)国家安全委员会(National Security Council)美国贸易代表办公室(Office of United States Trade Representatives) 政策制定办公室(Office of Policy Development)科学和技术政策办公室(Office of Science and Technology Policy)改善环境质量委员会(Council on Environmental Quality)国家麻醉品控制政策办公室(Office of National Drug Control Policy)行政办公室(Office of Administration) 政府各部：(Cabinet Department)国务院(Department of State)财政部(Department of Treasury)国防部(Department of Defense)司法部(Department of Justice)商务部(Department of Commerce)能源部(Department of Energy)内政部(Department of Interior)农业部(Department of Agriculture)教育部(Department of Education)运输部(Department of Transportation)劳工部(Department of Labor)卫生与公众服务部(Department of Health and Human services)住房和城市发展部(Department of Housing and Urban Development) 退伍军人事务部(Department of Veterans Affairs)军事机构：(Military Bodies)国防部(Department of Defense)参谋长联席会议(Joint Chiefs of Staff)陆军(Army) 空军(Airforce) 海军(Navy)海军陆战队(Marine Corps)海岸警卫队(Coast Guard)后备役部队(Reserves)联合作战司令部(United Combatant Commands)。

国家机构及职务英文译词汇总

国家机构及职务英文译词汇总1. State Council - 国务院2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs - 外交部3. Ministry of Education - 教育部4. Ministry of Finance - 财政部5. Ministry of Commerce - 商务部6. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs - 农业农村部7. Ministry of Justice - 司法部8. Ministry of Culture and Tourism - 文化和旅游部9. Ministry of Public Security - 公安部10. Ministry of National Defense - 国防部11. Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security - 人力资源和社会保障部12. Ministry of Science and Technology - 科技部13. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology - 工业和信息化部14. National Development and Reform Commission - 国家发展和改革委员会15. National Health Commission - 国家卫生健康委员会16. State Administration of Taxation - 国家税务总局17. State Administration for Market Regulation - 国家市场监督管理总局18. State Administration of Foreign Exchange - 国家外汇管理局19. State Administration of Radio and Television - 国家广播电视总局20. State Administration for Industry and Commerce - 国家工商行政管理总局1. 国务院 - State Council2. 外交部 - Ministry of Foreign Affairs3. 教育部 - Ministry of Education4. 财政部 - Ministry of Finance5. 商务部 - Ministry of Commerce6. 农业农村部 - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs7. 司法部 - Ministry of Justice8. 文化和旅游部 - Ministry of Culture and Tourism9. 公安部 - Ministry of Public Security10. 国防部 - Ministry of National Defense11. 人力资源和社会保障部 - Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security12. 科技部 - Ministry of Science and Technology13. 工业和信息化部 - Ministry of Industry and Information Technology14. 国家发展和改革委员会 - National Development and Reform Commission15. 国家卫生健康委员会 - National Health Commission16. 国家税务总局 - State Administration of Taxation17. 国家市场监督管理总局 - State Administration for Market Regulation18. 国家外汇管理局 - State Administration of Foreign Exchange19. 国家广播电视总局 - State Administration of Radio and Television20. 国家工商行政管理总局 - State Administration for Industry and Commerce。

美国政府机构名称机构组织名称

美国政府机构名称|机构组织名称翻译词汇U.S. Institutions 美国行政机构总统办事机构：(Executive Office of the President)copyright englishtang白宫办公厅(The White House Office)副总统办公厅(Office of the Vice President of the United States)行政管理和预憔?(Office of Management and Budget)经济顾问委员会(Council of Economic Advisers)国家安全委员会(National Security Council)美国贸易代表办公室(Office of United States Trade Representatives) 政策制定办公室(Office of Policy Development)科学和技术政策办公室(Office of Science and Technology Policy)改善环境质量委员会(Council on Environmental Quality)国家麻醉品控制政策办公室(Office of National Drug Control Policy) 行政办公室(Office of Administration)政府各部：(Cabinet Department)国务院(Department of State)财政部(Department of Treasury)国防部(Department of Defense)司法部(Department of Justice)商务部(Department of Commerce)能源部(Department of Energy)内政部(Department of Interior)农业部(Department of Agriculture)教育部(Department of Education)运输部(Department of Transportation)劳工部(Department of Labor)卫生与公众服务部(Department of Health and Human services)住房和城市发展部(Department of Housing and Urban Development) 退伍军人事务部(Department of Veterans Affairs)军事机构：(Military Bodies)国防部(Department of Defense)参谋长联席会议(Joint Chiefs of Staff)陆军(Army) 空军(Airforce) 海军(Navy)海军陆战队(Marine Corps)海岸警卫队(Coast Guard)后备役部队(Reserves)联合作战司令部(United Combatant Commands)。

英美国家机构地物名称

英美国家机构地物名称一.美国国家机构和主要地物名称The United States of America(U.S.A)美利坚合众国（美国）the Federal Constitution《联邦宪法》presidential republic system总统制共和制two-party system两党制separation of three powers including administration,legislation,and jurisdiction三权分立（行政立法、行政、司法）Congress国会Senate参议院senator参议员Senate Speaker参议院院长the House of Representatives众议院a member of the House of Representatives(M.H.R)众议员House Speaker参议院院长the White House白宫National Security Assistant(NSA)总统国家安全事务助理美国内阁各部门一律用department,首长为secretary Department of State国务院Department of Treasury财政部Department of Interior内务部Department of Veterans Affairs退伍军人事务部FBI(Federal Bureau of Investigation)联邦调查局CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)中央情报局DIA(Defense Intelligence Agency)国防情报局NSA(National Security Agency)国家安全局NSC(National Security Council)国家安全委员会SEC(Security and Exchange Commission)国家证券交易会JCS(Joint Chiefs of Staffs)参谋长联席会议NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)美国国家航空和宇宙航行局FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)联邦航空局Federal Reserve美国联邦储蓄银行AP(Associated Press)联合通讯社（美联社）ABC(American Broadcasting Company)美国广播公司DJI(Dow Jones Index)道琼斯指数Standard&Poor’s Composite Index(标准普尔指数)NYSE(New York Stock Exchange)纽约证券交易所AMEX(American Stock Exchange)美国证券交易所NASDAC(National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations)全美证券商自动报价系统the Democratic Party of the United States民主党the Republican Party of the United States共和党the Supreme Court of the United States最高法院United States Sentencing Commission上诉法院the Lower Courts地方法院二.英国国家机构和主要地物名称the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland（UK）大不列颠北爱尔兰联合（英国）Great Charter《大宪章》the Bill of Rights/an Act Declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject and Settling the Succession of the Crown《权利法案》/《全民权利与自由和王位继承宣言》Parliamentary Constitutional Monarch议会制君主立宪制the Parliament of the Untied Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英国国会the House of Lords上院（贵族院）Lords Spiritual上议院神职议员Lords Temporal上议院世俗议员the House of Commons下院（平民院）Palace of Westminster维斯密斯特宫the Anglican Church英国圣公会No.10Downing Street唐宁街十号the Coalition Government联合政府Prime Minister首相Deputy Prime Minister副首相First Secretary of State首席大臣State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs外交与联邦事物部the Exchequer财政部Chancellor财政大臣Chief Secretary to the Treasury英国财政部首席秘书the Conservative Party保守党the Labor Party工党Tory托利党Whig辉格党Square Mile伦敦金融区British Bank Holidays英国银行节Buckingham Palace白金汉宫British Museum大英博物馆RGO(Royal Greenwich Observatory)格林尼治天文台GMT(Greenwich Mean Time)格林尼治标准时间Prime Meridian本初子午线Big Ben大笨钟。

美国官职的翻译

关于美国官职，中文无统一标准翻译。

部长（secretary）是第一把手，副部长（deputy secretary）是第二把手。

部长缺席下，副部长暂时担当其职，成为代理部长（acting secretary）。

次部长（under secretary）排在副部长之后。

一个部门通常设若干个名次部长，分管部门职能。

助理部长（assistant secretary）是部门内各主要机构首脑，级别低于次部长。

助理部长一般情况下向次部长负责，但也有向部长直接负责的助理部长，要看具体部门和具体职务了。

次部长和副部长直接向部长负责。

美国行政部门直接向部长负责的官员还有：法律总顾问（general counsel），他负责部门涉法事务，并担当部门的首席律师；督察长（inspector general），他负责部门内部监察；幕僚长（chief of staff）或行政助理（executive assistant），他是部长管家的角色。

首席信息官（CIO）和首席财务官（CFO）这两个职务通常是由业务归口的次部长或助理部长兼任，但也有设专职的。

部门建制内半独立行政的机构，如运输部（DoT）的联邦航空局（FAA），有自己的行政体系，包括自己的法律总顾问，督察长，等。

这些机构首脑级别大多数情况下相当于次部长。

司法部（DoJ）比较特殊。

司法部长名称并不是Secretary of Justice，而是Attorney General。

副司法部长名称是Deputy Attorney General。

次司法部长名称是Associate Attorney General。

检察长名称是Solicitor General。

军种部门建制类似行政部门，但不设deputy secretary职位。

以陆军部（DA）为例，陆军部长（Secretary of the Army）之下，就属陆军次部长（Under Secretary of the Army）最大了。

英美政府机关名称中英对照

Institution 机关；机构Congress 国会court 法院；法庭Constitution 宪法Amendment 修正案；修订案the Bill of Rights (美)人权法案ambassador 大使；使节envoy 使节embassy 大使馆federalism 联邦主义；联邦制度the Supreme Court （美）最高法院the Cabinet 内阁bicameralism 两院制the chamber 议院the Senate 参议院impeachment 弹劾parliament 议会the House of Representatives 众议院the district courts 地方法院levy tax 征税the courts of appeals 上诉法院Democrat 民主党员two-party system 两党制Republican 共和党员Democratic party 民主党platform（美）政党竞选纲领Libertarian 自由党者Department of Justice 司法部jury Socialist 社会党员government intervention 政府干预global economy 全球经济Monetary and fiscal policies 财政政策protectionist 保护贸易论tariff 关税foreign affairs 外交magistrate （张有司法权的）行政长官；治安法官administration 政府intermediate courts of appeals 中级上诉法院agenda 议事日程appellate court of last resort 最终求助上诉法院arbitration 仲裁bill 议案cabinet 内阁Capitol Hill 美国国会checks and balances 权力制衡committee 委员会cold war 冷战congressional record 国会记事录convention 政党代表大会federal reserve system 联邦储备系统First Amendment 第一修正案floor 议员席foreign policy 外交政策governor 州长;省长；镇长incumbent 现任者Internal Revenue Service(IRS)（美国）国内收入署left-wing 左翼legislation 立法Pentagon 五角大楼President 总统primary 初选Prime Minister 首相shirtsleeve diplomacy 非正式外交diplomat 外交官socialism 社会主义imperialism 帝国主义speaker 众院议长subcommittee 小组委员会revolution 革命amnesty 赦免apartheid 种族隔离arms race 军备竞赛balance of power 力量均势banishment 驱逐bilateralism 双边关系Common Market 公共市场communism 共产主义confederation 联邦consul 领事consulate 领事；领事馆courier 外交信使delegate 代表developing nation 发展中国家dictatorship 独裁human rights 人权diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权AIDS SARS respire respiratory conspire inspire Disarmament 裁军draft 征兵propaganda politician politics statesman dragon dry winenews reader announcer news anchor anchorage talk show host guest moderatorpresenter ceremony master M.C. emcee coined wordInternational Court of Justice 国际法庭international law 国际法internationalism 国际主义interpreter 议员Kremlin 克里姆林宫league 联盟multilateralism 多边主义nationalism 国家主义；民族主义nationality 国籍；民族neutrality 中立NATO= The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北约premier 总理Peaceful coexistence 和平共处police state 极权国家refugees 难民Secretary of state 国务卿Security Council 安理会sovereignty 主权summit 峰会；首脑会议superpower 超级大国terrorism 恐怖主义totalitarianism 极权主义unilateralism 单边行动war games 军事演习National Security Council 国家安全委员会the Treasury (英国)财政部Her Majesty’s Government （英国）女王陛下政府the civil service 文官部；文职部门First Lord of Treasury （英国）首席财政大臣Minister for the Civil Service （英国）文官部大臣The Chancellor of the Exchequer\the Chancellor （英国）财政大臣The secretary of state for Home Affairs\the Home Secretary （英国）内务大臣The Secretary of state for Defense\ the Defense Secretary （英国）国防大臣Secretary of State （英国）国务大臣state government （美国）州政府The Federal Government (美国)联邦政府general assembly （美国）州议会Military government 军人政府dictator 专政者；独裁者provisional government 临时政府political pluralism 政治多元化national government 国民政府the White House 白宫radical party 激进党conservative party 保守党the judiciary 司法部门law-enforcement official 司法官员Act of Parliament 议会法案Agency 政府分支机构magistrate\Justice of the Peace地方法官；治安法官administration 行政当局anarchism 无政府主义antigovernment 反政府的anarchy 无政府状态appoint 任命asylum 政治避难authorities 当局；官方chauvinism 沙文主义CIA=Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Donkey 驴（指代美国民主党）Downing Street 唐宁街（英国政府或首相府）Elephant 象（指代美国共和党）Elysee Palace 爱丽舍宫（法国政府或总统府）FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （美）联邦调查局Foggy Bottom 雾谷（指代美国国务院）The Department of the Interior （美）内政部the Secretary of the Interior （美）内政部长Joint Intelligence Service （英）联合情报委员会Communications Intelligence 通讯情报处Defense Intelligence Staff 国防情报处plenary （指会议）全体出席的Plenary session 全会white paper 白皮书（政府真是报告）Chairman （中、朝等国）主席，委员长，议长king (丹麦等国)国王chancellor（英）大臣；（德等一些欧洲国家）总理mayor 市长the Chancellor of the Exchequer (英)财政大臣the Minister of Education 教育部长the Minister of Foreign Affairs 外交部长the Prime Minister 首相，总理，行政院长parliamentarian （国会）议员politician 政客premiership 总理、首相之任期president （中）国家主席，（美等国）总统secretary of state 国务卿 a Cabinet Minister 内阁大臣a cabinet member\officer 阁员Chamber of Deputies （意大利）众议院Congress 美国国会the Senate 参议院The House of Representative 众议院（the House）House Representative 众议员Member of Congress 国会议员Department of State （美）国务院Council of State （印）联邦院（上院）House of the People 人民院（下院）Federal Assembly （德）联邦议院Federal Council (德)联邦参议院Indian National Congress 印度国民大会党LD=Liberal Democracy （法）自由民主党KPRF=Communist Party of the Russian Federation （俄）联邦共产党LDP=Liberal Democratic Party （日）自民党National Assembly （法、波兰等国）国会Parliament 英国议会the House of Parliament 上下两院The House of Lord 上议院Lord High Chancellor 议长Lords Spiritual 上议院神职人员（高级神职人员）Lord Temporal 上议院世俗议员（柜组成员）The House of Commons 下议院（Lower House）Member of Parliament 下议院People’s Party （印度等国）人民党PS=Socialist Party （法）社会党Buckingham 白金汉宫（指代英国皇室）crown prince 皇太子，王储Czar(Tzar)（俄国）沙皇barnstorm (尤美)巡回演说ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nation 东南亚国家联盟Asian-African Conference 亚非会议Commonwealth 英联邦ASPAC=Asian and Pacific Council 亚洲及太平洋理事会CAEC=Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation 亚欧合作理事会CSCAP=Council on Security Cooperation on Asia and Pacific Region 亚太安全合作理事会EAC=East African Community 东非共同体ECHR=European Commission of Human Rights 欧洲人权委员会EU=European Union 欧洲联盟G7=Group of Seven 七国集团（八国集团的前身）G8 summit 八国峰会NACC=North Atlantic Cooperation Council 北大西洋合作理事会NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NC=Nordic Council 北欧理事会OIC=Organization of the Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议组织OSPAALA=Organization of Solidarity of the people of Africa, Asia and Latin American亚非拉人民团结组织WPC=World Peace Council 世界和平理事会South-South Conference 南南会议WEU=Western European Union 西欧联盟UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织WHO=World Heath Organization 世界卫生组织IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织The people's Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治(Autonomous District [ Prefecture/ County]) Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会。

英美政府机关名称中英对照

Institution 机关；机构Congress 国会court 法院；法庭Constitution 宪法Amendment 修正案；修订案the Bill of Rights (美)人权法案ambassador 大使；使节envoy 使节embassy 大使馆federalism 联邦主义；联邦制度the Supreme Court （美）最高法院the Cabinet 内阁bicameralism 两院制the chamber 议院the Senate 参议院impeachment 弹劾parliament 议会the House of Representatives 众议院the district courts 地方法院levy tax 征税the courts of appeals 上诉法院Democrat 民主党员two-party system 两党制Republican 共和党员Democratic party 民主党platform（美）政党竞选纲领Libertarian 自由党者Department of Justice 司法部jury Socialist 社会党员government intervention 政府干预global economy 全球经济Monetary and fiscal policies 财政政策protectionist 保护贸易论tariff 关税foreign affairs 外交magistrate （张有司法权的）行政长官；治安法官administration 政府intermediate courts of appeals 中级上诉法院agenda 议事日程appellate court of last resort 最终求助上诉法院arbitration 仲裁bill 议案cabinet 内阁Capitol Hill 美国国会checks and balances 权力制衡committee 委员会cold war 冷战congressional record 国会记事录convention 政党代表大会federal reserve system 联邦储备系统First Amendment 第一修正案floor 议员席foreign policy 外交政策governor 州长;省长；镇长incumbent 现任者Internal Revenue Service(IRS)（美国）国内收入署left-wing 左翼legislation 立法Pentagon 五角大楼President 总统primary 初选Prime Minister 首相shirtsleeve diplomacy 非正式外交diplomat 外交官socialism 社会主义imperialism 帝国主义speaker 众院议长subcommittee 小组委员会revolution 革命amnesty 赦免apartheid 种族隔离arms race 军备竞赛balance of power 力量均势banishment 驱逐bilateralism 双边关系Common Market 公共市场communism 共产主义confederation 联邦consul 领事consulate 领事；领事馆courier 外交信使delegate 代表developing nation 发展中国家dictatorship 独裁human rights 人权diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权AIDS SARS respire respiratory conspire inspire Disarmament 裁军draft 征兵propaganda politician politics statesman dragon dry winenews reader announcer news anchor anchorage talk show host guest moderatorpresenter ceremony master M.C. emcee coined wordInternational Court of Justice 国际法庭international law 国际法internationalism 国际主义interpreter 议员Kremlin 克里姆林宫league 联盟multilateralism 多边主义nationalism 国家主义；民族主义nationality 国籍；民族neutrality 中立NATO= The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北约premier 总理Peaceful coexistence 和平共处police state 极权国家refugees 难民Secretary of state 国务卿Security Council 安理会sovereignty 主权summit 峰会；首脑会议superpower 超级大国terrorism 恐怖主义totalitarianism 极权主义unilateralism 单边行动war games 军事演习National Security Council 国家安全委员会the Treasury (英国)财政部Her Majesty’s Government （英国）女王陛下政府the civil service 文官部；文职部门First Lord of Treasury （英国）首席财政大臣Minister for the Civil Service （英国）文官部大臣The Chancellor of the Exchequer\the Chancellor （英国）财政大臣The secretary of state for Home Affairs\the Home Secretary （英国）内务大臣The Secretary of state for Defense\ the Defense Secretary （英国）国防大臣Secretary of State （英国）国务大臣state government （美国）州政府The Federal Government (美国)联邦政府general assembly （美国）州议会Military government 军人政府dictator 专政者；独裁者provisional government 临时政府political pluralism 政治多元化national government 国民政府the White House 白宫radical party 激进党conservative party 保守党the judiciary 司法部门law-enforcement official 司法官员Act of Parliament 议会法案Agency 政府分支机构magistrate\Justice of the Peace地方法官；治安法官administration 行政当局anarchism 无政府主义antigovernment 反政府的anarchy 无政府状态appoint 任命asylum 政治避难authorities 当局；官方chauvinism 沙文主义CIA=Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Donkey 驴（指代美国民主党）Downing Street 唐宁街（英国政府或首相府）Elephant 象（指代美国共和党）Elysee Palace 爱丽舍宫（法国政府或总统府）FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （美）联邦调查局Foggy Bottom 雾谷（指代美国国务院）The Department of the Interior （美）内政部the Secretary of the Interior （美）内政部长Joint Intelligence Service （英）联合情报委员会Communications Intelligence 通讯情报处Defense Intelligence Staff 国防情报处plenary （指会议）全体出席的Plenary session 全会white paper 白皮书（政府真是报告）Chairman （中、朝等国）主席，委员长，议长king (丹麦等国)国王chancellor（英）大臣；（德等一些欧洲国家）总理mayor 市长the Chancellor of the Exchequer (英)财政大臣the Minister of Education 教育部长the Minister of Foreign Affairs 外交部长the Prime Minister 首相，总理，行政院长parliamentarian （国会）议员politician 政客premiership 总理、首相之任期president （中）国家主席，（美等国）总统secretary of state 国务卿 a Cabinet Minister 内阁大臣a cabinet member\officer 阁员Chamber of Deputies （意大利）众议院Congress 美国国会the Senate 参议院The House of Representative 众议院（the House）House Representative 众议员Member of Congress 国会议员Department of State （美）国务院Council of State （印）联邦院（上院）House of the People 人民院（下院）Federal Assembly （德）联邦议院Federal Council (德)联邦参议院Indian National Congress 印度国民大会党LD=Liberal Democracy （法）自由民主党KPRF=Communist Party of the Russian Federation （俄）联邦共产党LDP=Liberal Democratic Party （日）自民党National Assembly （法、波兰等国）国会Parliament 英国议会the House of Parliament 上下两院The House of Lord 上议院Lord High Chancellor 议长Lords Spiritual 上议院神职人员（高级神职人员）Lord Temporal 上议院世俗议员（柜组成员）The House of Commons 下议院（Lower House）Member of Parliament 下议院People’s Party （印度等国）人民党PS=Socialist Party （法）社会党Buckingham 白金汉宫（指代英国皇室）crown prince 皇太子，王储Czar(Tzar)（俄国）沙皇barnstorm (尤美)巡回演说ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nation 东南亚国家联盟Asian-African Conference 亚非会议Commonwealth 英联邦ASPAC=Asian and Pacific Council 亚洲及太平洋理事会CAEC=Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation 亚欧合作理事会CSCAP=Council on Security Cooperation on Asia and Pacific Region 亚太安全合作理事会EAC=East African Community 东非共同体ECHR=European Commission of Human Rights 欧洲人权委员会EU=European Union 欧洲联盟G7=Group of Seven 七国集团（八国集团的前身）G8 summit 八国峰会NACC=North Atlantic Cooperation Council 北大西洋合作理事会NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NC=Nordic Council 北欧理事会OIC=Organization of the Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议组织OSPAALA=Organization of Solidarity of the people of Africa, Asia and Latin American亚非拉人民团结组织WPC=World Peace Council 世界和平理事会South-South Conference 南南会议WEU=Western European Union 西欧联盟UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织WHO=World Heath Organization 世界卫生组织IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织The people's Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治(Autonomous District [ Prefecture/ County]) Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会。

美国国家机构简称

美国国家机构简称(附中文译名) ZT美国国家机构简称FBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation, a bureau within the Department of Justice 联邦调查局CIA - Central Intelligence Agency, an independant government agency 中央情报局NSA - National Security Agency, an intelligence/combat support agency within the Department of Defense 国家安全局DoD - Department of Defense 美国国防部USDA - Department of Agriculture 美国农业部DoC - Department of Commerce 美国商业部DoI - Department of the Interior 美国内务部DoL - Department of Labor 美国劳动部DoS - Department of State 美国国务部DoT - Department of Transportation 美国交通部DoJ - Department of Justice 美国司法部ED - Department of Education 美国教育部HHS - Department of Health and Human Services 美国卫生部DoE - Department of Energy 美国能源部VA - Department of VeteransAffairs 美国老兵部HUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development 美国房屋和城市发展部DHS - Department of Homeland Security 国土安全部DEA - Drug Enforcement Administration 麻醉品管制局ICE - United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement 美国移民和海关执法局IRS - Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署ATF - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives 烟酒、武器及爆炸物局NCIS - Naval Criminal Investigative Service 美国海军犯罪调查处JAG - Judge Advocate General 美国海军军法署(A)USA - (Assistant) United States Attorney 美国政府律师委员会USCIS - United States Citizenship and Immigration Service 美国公民归化与移民服务处USPS - United States Postal Service 全美邮政管理局SEC - Security and Exchange Commission 国家证券交易委员会FCC - Federal Communication Commission 美国联邦通信委员会FTC - Federal Trade Commission 美国联邦贸易委员会FAA - Federal Aviation Administration 联邦航空局NTSB - National Transportation Safety Board 美国国家交通安全委员会GSA - General Service Administration 美国联邦政府总务管理局DIA - Defense Intelligence Agency 国防情报局NRO - National Reconnaissance Office 美国国家侦察办公室NGA - National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 美国国家地理空间情报局EPA - Environmental Protection Agency 美国环境保护署FEC - Federal Election Commission 联邦选举委员会NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天局NSF - National Science Foundation 国家自然科学基金会AMTRAK - National Railroad Passenger Corporation 美国国家铁路客运公司SSA - Social Security Administration 美国社会保障管理局NOAA - National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration 美国海洋与大气管理局USGS - United States Geological Survey 美国地质调查局FEMA - Federal Emergency Management Agency 联邦紧急措施署CBP - United States Customs and Border Protection 美国海关和边境保护管理处CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 疾病控制和防御中心FDA - Food and Drug Administration 国家食品与药品管理局NIH - National Institutes of Health 全美医学研究院DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency 美国国防部高级研究规划署。

不可不知的外企各部门英文名称

不可不知的外企各部门英文名称产品部:MFG Manufacturing总经理办公室:Chairman/ President Office / Gerneral Manager office or GM office监事会:Monitor & Support Department战略研究部:Strategy Research总公司： Head Office分公司： Branch Office营业部： Business Office人事部： Personnel Department人力资源部: Human Resources Department总务部: General Affairs Department财务部: General Accounting Department销售部: Sales Department促销部: Sales Promotion Department国际部: International Department出口部: Export Department进口部: Import Department公共关系: Public Relations Department广告部: Advertising Department企划部: Planning Department产品开发部: Product Development Department研发部: Research and Development DepartmentR&D秘书室 Secretarial Pool人力资源部: HR Department市场部: Marketing Department技术部: Technolog Department客服部: Service Department行政部: AdministrationDepartment总经理室: Direcotor, or President副总经理室: Deputy Director, or Vice president采购部:Purchase & Order Department工程部:Engineering Deparment生产部:Productive Department销售部:Sales Deparment广东业务部:GD Branch Deparment无线事业部:Wireless Industry Department拓展部: Business Expending Department物供部:Supply Department业务拓展部:B&D business and development市场部:Marketing办公室:OFC Office, 但不常见 / OMB = Office of Management and Budget 感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

美国国务院主要部门及主要职务名称漫谈

美国国务院主要部门及主要职务名称漫谈美国国务院英文名为the United States Department of State，也常常称the State Department，该机构实质上是美国政府中内阁级别（the Cabinet-level）中的外交事务机构（foreign affairs agency），相当于其他国家的外交部（the Ministry of Foreign Affairs，the Department of Foreign Affairs）。

美国国务院总部设在美国首都华盛顿雾谷街坊（the Foggy Bottom neighborhood）C街2201号的杜鲁门大楼（the Harry S Truman Building），离白宫只有几个街区（block）距离。

就其字面及其实质而言，the United States Department of State译成“美国国务部”更适合，这样就很容易让人看出美国的Department of State与我国的国务院级别是不同的：我国的国务院（State Council）的负责人是政府首脑（head of government），而美国国务院仅相当于我国的“外交部”，因为美国的总统既是国家元首（head of state）又是美国政府首脑（head of government）。

美国联邦政府的其他department均译作“部”，如：美国的财政部（the Department of Treasury）、司法部（the Department of Justice）、国防部（the Department of Defense）、商务部（the Department of Commerce）和教育部（the Department of Education）等，其首长（secretary）均译作“部长”，而Department of State中的department及其首长（Secretary of State）头衔都搞了特殊化，分别译成了“国务院”和“国务卿”。

美国军队结构及中英文翻译对照

国防部各部门负责审计的副部长（审计长/首席财务官）审计长首席助理（Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)）项目分析评估主任（Director for Program Analysis and Evaluation）负责采办、技术与后勤的副部长（Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics）国防研究与工程局局长（Director of Defense Research and Engineering）负责采办与技术的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology)）负责后勤与物资战备的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Logistics and Material Readiness)）负责三防（核生化）项目的国防部长助手（Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs)）弱小企业综合利用主任（Director of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization）负责采办改革的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition Reform)）负责先进系统与概念的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Advanced Systems and Concepts)）负责环境安全的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Environmental Security)）负责工业事务的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Industrial Affairs)）负责各种设施的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Installations)）负责科学技术的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Science and Technology)）负责人事与战备的副部长（Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness）负责部队管理政策的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management Policy)）负责卫生事务的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)）负责后备队的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Reserve Affairs)）负责战备的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Readiness)）负责项目集成的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Program Integration)）负责规划的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Planning)）负责政策的副部长（Under Secretary of Defense for Policy）负责政策的副部长首席助理（Principal Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy)）负责国际安全事务的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs)）负责战略与缓解威慑的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy and Threat Reduction)）负责特种作战与低强度冲突的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict)）负责政策支持的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy Support)）负责科技安全政策的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Technology Security Policy)）北约美国代表团防务顾问，Defense Advisor, U.S. Mission NATO负责情报的副部长（Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence）负责指挥、控制、通讯与情报（C3I）的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communication s, and Intelligence)）负责法律事务的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs)）负责公共事务的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs)）总法律顾问（General Counsel of the Department of Defense）作战试验与论证局局长（Director of Operational Test and Evaluation）负责情报监督的副部长助理（Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Intelligence Oversight)）行政管理局局长（Director of Administration and Management）基本评估办公室主任（Director of Net Assessment）总监察长办公室国防部总监察长（Inspector General of the Department of Defense）: 汤马斯·金波第一副总检察长（Principal Deputy Inspector General）条令局局长（Dean of Instruction）就业机会平等委员对（EEO）高级军事官员（Senior Military Officer）负责行政管理的总监察长助理（Assistant Inspector General for Administration and Management）负责在国会等机构任联络官的总监察长助理（Assistant Inspector General, Congressional/Committee Liaison）总顾问（General Counsel）负责审计的副总监察长（Deputy Inspector General for Auditing）负责审计的总监察长第一助理（Principal Assistant Inspector General (Audit)）负责审计的总监察长助理（Assistant Inspector General (Auditing)）负责审计的总监察长副助理（Deputy Assistant Inspector General (Auditing)）各军种各审计局（Service Audit Agencies）负责政策与监督的副总监察长（Deputy Inspector General for Policy and Oversight）负责审计政策监督的总监察长助理（Assistant Inspector General (Audit Policy Oversight)）负责审查与评估的总监察长助理（Assistant Inspector General (Inspection & Evaluations)）负责调查政策和监督的总监察长助理（Assistant Inspector General (Investigation Policy & Oversight)）热线处处长（Director of Hotline}）反诈骗处处长(Director of ADU)定量方法处处长（Director of QMD）反旅行诈骗处处长（TAD）？数据挖掘处处长（Director of Data Mining）各军种总监察长（Service Inspector Generals）负责调查的副总监察长（Deputy Inspector General for Investigations）高级官员调查处处长（Director for Investigations of Senior Officials）军人赔偿调查处处长（Director for Military Reprisal Investigation）平民赔偿调查处处长（Director for Civilian Reprisal Investigation）国防刑事调查处处长（Director for enefense Criminal Investigative Service）国防刑事调查处副处长（Deputy Director for Defense Criminal Investigative Service）美国陆军犯罪调查司令部（en:U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command）海军罪案调查处（en:Naval Criminal Investigative Service）空军特别调查处（en:Air Force Office of Special Investigations）负责情报的副总监察长（Deputy Inspector General for Intelligence）负责情报审查的总监察长副助理（Deputy Assistant Inspector General (Intelligence Audits)）负责情报评估的总监察长副助理（Deputy Assistant Inspector General (Intelligence Evaluation)）国家侦察局（en:National Reconnaissance Office）国防情报局（enefense Intelligence Agency）国家安全局（en:National Security Agency）国家地理空间情报局（en:National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency）参谋长联席会议及其成员参谋长联系会议以及成员组织结构图参谋长联席会议主席: 海军上将迈克尔·马伦参谋长联席会议副主席: 海军陆战队上将詹姆斯·卡特莱特海军作战部长: 海军上将加里·罗海德陆军总参谋长: 陆军上将乔治·凯西空军总参谋长: 空军上将诺顿·施瓦兹海军陆战队总司令: 海军陆战队上将詹姆斯·康威联合参谋部参谋长联席会议主席助理（Assistant to the Chairman）高级军事顾问（Senior Enlisted Advisor of the Chairman）联合参谋部主任（Director, the Joint Staff）人力与人事部 (J-1)（Manpower and Personnel）情报部 (J-2)（Joint Staff Intelligence）作战部 (J-3)（Operations）后勤部 (J-4)（Logistics）战略计划与政策部 (J-5)（Strategic Planning and Policy）指挥、控制通信与计算机系统部 (J-6)（Command, Control, Communication s and Computer Systems）作战计划与联合部队发展部（原为作战计划与协调部） (J-7)（Operational Plans and Interoperability）部队结构、资源与评估部 (J-8)（Force Structure Resources and Assessment）管理部 (J-9)（Directorate of Management）海军部（Department of the Navy）海军部长Department of the Navy海军部副部长海军作战部部长海军作战部副部长海军人事局军医局海军海上系统指挥部海军空中系统指挥部海军设施工程指挥部海军补给系统指挥部空间与海军武器系统指挥部战略系统指挥部美国海军军官学校教育与训练局局长气象与海洋科学指挥部法务司令部海军天文台海军打击与航空战术中心海军安全中心海军安全大队司令部海军后备队作战测试评估部队海军特种作战司令部美国海军中央司令部海军网络战司令部 [5]美国驻欧海军军事海运司令部美国舰队司令部美国太平洋舰队海军设施司令部海军核动力计划局局长海军陆战队总司令海军陆战队总司令助理情报部长法务部长总审计长行政助理弱小企业综合利用主任负责研究、发展与采购的海军部长助理海军研究办公室负责人力与后备队事务的海军部长助理负责财务管理与审计的海军部长助理负责设施与环境的海军部长助理海军部总顾问首席信息官海军军法署署长海军总监察长项目评估处处长陆军部（Department of the Army）陆军部部长（Secretary of the Army）陆军部副部长（Under Secretary of the Army）陆军总监察长（Inspector General of the Army）陆军总审计长（Army Auditor General）副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of the Army）负责商业转型的陆军部副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of the Army for Business Transformation）立法联络局局长（Chief, Legislative Liaison）公共事务局局长（Chief, Public Affairs）弱小企业综合利用办公室（Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization Office）陆军总顾问（General Counsel of the Army）陆军部长行政助理（Administrative Assistant to the Secretary of the Army）负责采办、后勤与技术的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics and Technology）负责民用工程的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Army (Civil Works)）负责财务管理与审计的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management and Comptroller)）负责设施与环境的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment)）负责人力与后备役事务的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Army (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)）首席情报官（Chief Information Officer）美国陆军网络事业技术司令部/第9通信司令部（United States Army Network Enterprise Technology Command/9th Signal Command）陆军参谋部主任（Director, Army Staff）美国陆军军官学校（The en:United States Military Academy）美国陆军情报与安全司令部（United States Army Intelligence and Security Command）美国陆军测试与评估司令部（United States Army Test and Evaluation Command）美国陆军刑事调查司令部（United States Army Criminal Investigation Command）美国陆军医务司令部（United States Army Medical Command）美国陆军华盛顿卫戍区（United States Army Military District of Washington）美国陆军工程兵部队（United States Army Corps of Engineers）美国陆军后备队司令部（United States Army Reserve Command）美国陆军采办支持中心（United States Army Acquisition Support Center）陆军参谋长（Chief of Staff of the Army）陆军第一副参谋长（Vice Chief of Staff of the Army）陆军医务部部长（Surgeon General of the Army）国民警卫队局局长（Chief, National Guard Bureau）陆军后备队局局长（Chief, Army Reserve）总法律顾问（Judge Advocate General）牧师长（Chief of Chaplains）陆军总军士长（en:Sergeant Major of the Army）负责后勤的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Logistics)） (G-4)工程兵主任（Chief of Engineers）负责项目的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Programs)） (G-8)负责设施管理的助理参谋长（Assistant Chief of Staff, Installation Management）美国陆军设施管理司令部（United States Army Installation Management Command）负责人事的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Manpower)） (G-1)负责情报的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Intelligence)） (G-2)负责计划、作战与转型的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Plans, Operations and Transformation)） (G-3/5/7)美国陆军训练与条令司令部（en:United States Army Training and Doctrine Command）美国陆军装备司令部（en:United States Army Materiel Command）美国陆军司令部（en:United States Army Forces Command）美国陆军中央司令部（United States Army Central）美国陆军欧洲司令部（United States Army Europe）美国陆军北方司令部（United States Army North）美国陆军南方司令部（United States Army South）美国陆军太平洋司令部（United States Army Pacific）美国陆军特种作战司令部（United States Army Special Operations Command）军事地面部署与配给司令部（Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command）美国陆军太空、火箭及防卫司令部/陆军战略司令部（United States Army Space and Missile and Defense Command/Army Strategic Command）第8军（Eighth Army）空军部（Department of the Air Force）空军部长（en:Secretary of the Air Force）空军部副部长（Under Secretary of the Air Force）行政助理（Administrative Assistant）审计长（Auditor General）负责采办的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition)）通信处处长（Director of Communication）负责财务管理与审计的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Financial Management and Comptroller)}负责设施、环境与后勤的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Installations, Environment and Logistics)负责国际事务的副部长助理（Deputy Under Secretary of the Air Force (International Affairs)）负责人力与后备队事务的助理部长（Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)）公共事务处处长（Director of Public Affairs）立法联络局局长（Director, Legislative Liaison）空军总监查长（Inspector General of the Air Force）空军总顾问（General Counsel of the Air Force）战斗集成局局长（Chief of Warfighting Integration）首席信息官（Chief Information Officer）空军军史局局长（Air Force Historian）测试与评估局局长（Director of Test and Evaluation）空军首席科学家（Chief Scientist of the Air Force）空军参谋部组织结构图空军参谋长（Chief of Staff）空军副参谋长Vice Chief of Staff）空军总军士长（Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force）负责人事的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Personnel)） (A1)负责情报、监视与侦查的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance)） (A2)负责航空航天与信息作战、计划、需求的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Air, Space and Information Operations, Plans and Requirements) (A3/5)）负责后勤、设施以及任务支持的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Logistics, Installations and Mission Support)） (A4/7)负责战略计划与项目的副参谋长（Deputy Chief of Staff (Strategic Plans and Programs)） (A8)学术分析、评估与教程处处长（Director for Studies Analyses, Assessments and Lessons Learned） (A9)牧师长（Chief of Chaplains）总法律顾问（Judge Advocate General）空军后备队局局长（Chief, Air Force Reserve）安全局局长（Chief of Safety空军军医局局长（Surgeon General of the Air Force）空军国民警卫队局局长（Director, Air National Guard）空军战斗司令部（Air Combat Command）空军教育与训练司令部（Air Education and Training Command）空军装备司令部（Air Force Material Command）空军后备队司令部（Air Force Reserve Command）空军航天司令部（Air Force Space Command）空军特种作战司令部（Air Force Special Operations Command）空军信息司令部（Air Force Cyber Command）空军机动司令部（Air Mobility Command）空军太平洋司令部（Pacific Air Forces）空军欧洲司令部（U.S. Air Forces in Europe）（资料素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。

美国政府机构名称

美国政府机构United States GovernmentLegislative Branch Excutive Branch Judicial Branch PresidentVice PresidentCongressMembers of CongressSenate 参议院President 主席（副总统兼）President pro tempore 临时主席Majority LeaderMinority LeaderMajority Whip多数党督导员Minority WhipStanding Committees of the Senate参议院常设委员会House of Representatives 众议院Speaker 议长Majority LeaderMinority LeaderMajority WhipMinority WhipStanding Committees of the HouseHouse Special Committees众议院特别委员会Congressional Joint Committees 国会联合委员会General Accounting Office 总审计局Copyright Royalty Tribunal 版权裁判所Excutive Office of the President 总统办事机构White House Office 白宫办公厅Chief of Staff 主任Assistants to the President for：Economic & Domestic AffairsNational Security......Office of Managerment and Budget 行政管理和预算局Council of Economic Advisers 经济顾问委员会National Economic Council 国家经济委员会National Security Council 国家安全委员会Office of Policy Development 政策制定办公室Office of the U.S. Trade Representative 美国贸易代表办公室Council on Environmental Quality 环境质量委员会Office of Science and Technology Policy 科技政策办公室Office of Administration 行政管理办公室Office of National Drug Control Policy国家药品政策管制办公室National Critical Materials Council 国家重要物资委员会National Space Council 国家空间委员会Excutive Departments 政府各部门Department of State 国务院Secretary of State 国务卿Deputy Secretary （第一）副国务卿Under Secretary for Political AffairsUnder Secretary for ManagementUnder Secretary for Global AffairsLegal Advisor 法律顾问Assistant Secretaries for：East Asian & Pacific AffairsHuman Rights & Humanitarian Affairs负责人权和人道主义事物的助理国务卿... ...Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary助理国务卿高级帮办Deputy Assistant SecretaryDepartment of the Treasury 财政部Secretary of the TreasuryDeputy SecretaryUnder Secretary for Domestic FinaceUnder Secretary for International AffairsGeneral Council 总顾问Assistant Secretaries for：Economic Policy... ...Department of Defense 国防部Secretary of DefenseDeputy SecretaryUnder Secretary for Acquisition负责武器采购的副部长Under Secretary for PolicyAssistant Secretaries for：International Security Policy负责国防安全政策的助理部长......Chairman，Joint Chiefs of Staff参谋长联席会议主席Secretary of the ArmySecretary of the NavySecretary of the Air ForceDepartment of Justice 司法部Attorney GeneralDeputy Attorney General （第一）副部长Associate Attorney General 副部长Solicior Genera 副总检察长Federal Bureau of Investigation 联邦调查局Office of Inspector General 督察长办公室Excutive Office for U.S. Attorneys联邦检察官办公室U.S. parole Commission 美国假释委员会U.S. Marshals Service 美国执法官局U.S. National Central Burear of International Criminal Police Organization国际刑事警察组织美国全国中心局Department of Interior 内政部Secretary of the InteriorDeputy SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Indian Affairs... ...Department of Agriculture 农业部Secretary of AgricultureDeputy SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Congressional Relations负责国会关系的助理部长......Department of Commerce 商务部Secretary of CommerceDeputy SecretaryChief of Staff 参事室主任General CounselAssistant Secretaries for：Import Administration... ...Department of Labor 劳工部Secretary of LaborDeputy SecretaryChief of StaffAssistant Secretaries for：Emplyment & Training... ...Department of Health and Human Services 卫生与公众服务部Secretary of HHSUnder SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Management & Budget... ...Department of Housing and Urban Development住房与城市发展部Secretary of HUDDeputy SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Public & Indian Housing... ...Department of Transportation 运输部Secretary of TransportationDeputy SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Budget & Programs... ...Department of Energy 能源部Secretary of EnergyUnder SecretaryDeputy SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Conservation & Renewable Energy负责能源保护和更新的助理部长... ...Department of Education 教育部Secretary of EducationUnder SecretaryDeputy SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Adult & Vocational Education负责成人和职业教育的助理部长Elementary & Secondary Education... ...Department of Veterans Affairs 退伍军人事物部Secretary of Veterans AffairsDeputy SecretaryAssistant Secretaries for：Congressional Affairs... ...Local GovernmentState Legislature 州议会State Government 州政府Governor 州长Lieutenant-Governor 副州长District of Columbia = Washington，D. C.哥伦比亚（或华盛顿哥伦比亚）特区County 县City，Township，Village 市、镇、村School District 学区Territory and Trust Territory 美国属地和托管地JudiciarySupreme Court of the United States 美国最高法院District Court 地方法院Claims Court 索赔法院Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 联邦巡回上诉法院Court of International Trade 国际贸易法庭Territorial Courts 属地法院Court of Military Appeals 军事上诉法院Court of Veterans Appeals 退伍军人上诉法院Administrative Office of the Courts 法院行政管理局Federal Judicial Center 联邦司法中心。

美国机构名称

Centers for Disease Control （CDC）疾病控制中心
Food and Drug Administration （FDA）食品药品管理局
National Institutes of Health （NIH）国家卫生研究院
Department of Transportation （DOT）交通部
国土安全部(HSD): 运输安全局(TSA),保密局(Secret Service),移民与海关执法局(ICE),海关与边防保卫局(CBP), 美国海岸卫队(USCG)
国务院(DOS): 外交保安局(DSS)
国防部(DOD): 国防调查局(DIS), 陆军刑事调查司令部(CID), 海军刑事调查局(NCIS), 空军特别调查局(OSI)
毒品管制局(DEA)下属国家情报处,从事稽毒情报活动.DEA本身隶属于DOJ.
情报研究局(BIR),隶属于国务院(DOS),从事外交情报活动.
财政部下属情报分析处.
国土安全部(DHS)下属情报分析处.
海岸卫队总部情报处,隶属于DHS,担负海岸卫队战术情报任务.
美军特种部队如下
情报机构：
当前美国有16个情报机构,国家情报主任办公室(ODNI 也翻译成国家情报局)是协调机构. 国家情报主任(DNI)取代了中央情报主任(DCI)作为美国情报界总领导,但各情报机构具体业务向其部门内主官负责.比如,军方情报机构顶头上司是主管情报的副国防部长.
中央情报局(CIA),从事对外情报与秘密颠覆行动.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA）航太总署
National Transportation Safety Board （NTSB）全国运输安全委员会

美国国家机构简称

美国学科门类设置情况美国的国家机构设置主要依据其最高法律——联邦宪法而建立的，其核心在于联邦制及三权分立。

各州政(蟹)府是联邦关系，拥有较大自主权，而三权分立制度的建立能够有效行使各项职责并相互制约。

其主要的机构设置如下：行政机构总统拥有行政权。

总统在内阁和庞大的联邦政(蟹)府机构的协助下，负责联邦法律的实施。

政(蟹)府内阁由各部部长和总统指定的其他成员组成。

内阁实际上只是起总统助手和顾问团的作用，没有集体决策的权力。

对内阁成员的任命需经参议院的批准。

根据美国宪法，总统为国家元首、政(蟹)府首脑兼武装部队总司令。

总统通过选举团制度选举产生，任期四年，连任不能超过两届。

副总统也以同样方式选举产生，任期四年。

在总统被免职、去世、辞职和不能行使权利的情况下，由副总统接任总统的职务。

在得到参议院三分之二参议员支持的情况下，总统有权签订条约。

总统可提名大使、部长、最高法院法官，并经参议院批准后任命。

总统、副总统以及其他所有的政(蟹)府公务员，犯有叛国罪、行贿受贿罪等罪行受到弹颏，将被免职。

宪法规定，只有本国出生的公民或在宪法通过之时成为美国公民的才有资格竞选总统。

竞选总统者必须在美国本土居住１４年、年龄在３５岁以上。

立法机构国会为美国最高立法机构，每两年为一届。

国会由参、众两院组成。

参议员每州两名，共１００名，由各州选民普选产生，任期６年，每两年改选三分之一。

参议员年龄至少要３０岁，并在所代表的州居住。

众议员４３５名，根据各州人口按比例分配，每个州至少有一名代表。

各州众议员名额按人口普查结果每１０年重新分配一次。

众议员由其所在选区的选民直接选举产生，任期２年，期满全部改选。

众议员年龄须在２５岁以上，并在其选区所在的州居住。

两院议员均可连任，任期不限。

参、众议员均系专职，不得兼任政(蟹)府职务。

参议院议长由副总统兼任，主持参院会议及签署已登记的法案；只有在参议院表决时赞成票和反对票相等情况下才投票。

参议院临时议长则常由参议院多数党中的最年长者担任。

英美政府机构名称, 英美政府首长名称汉译

英美政府机构名称：
政府机构
美国
英国ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
国务院
The Department of State
国防部
The Department of Defense
Ministry of Defense
国家安全委员会
National Security Council
统一司令部
Unified Command
欧洲司令部
European Command
作战试验与鉴定主任
Director Operational Test & Evaluation
国防研究与工程署署长
Director Defense Research & Engineering
英国：
国防大臣
Minister of Defense
贸易大臣
President of the Board of Trade
海军大臣
First Lord of the Admiralty
陆军大臣
Secretary of State for War
空军大臣
Secretary of State for Air
运输大臣
Minister of Transport
民航大臣
Minister of Economic Affairs
海军部长
Secretary of the Navy
空军部长
Secretary of the Air Force
助理国防部长
ASD (Assistant Secretary of Defense)
国防部副部长
USD (Under Secretary of Defense)

英美现设主要部级行政部门及其汉译

表1英国现设主要部级行政部门、部门主管及其汉译英国部门英语原文汉语翻译部门主管英语原文汉语翻译Prime Minister’s Office首相办公室Prime Minister首相Office of the Deputy PrimeMinister副首相办公室Deputy Prime Minister副首相Department for Culture, Media and Sport 文化、媒体及体育部Secretary of State forCulture, Media and Sport文化媒体体育大臣／部长Department for Education and Skills 教育技能部Secretary of State forEducation and Skills教育技能大臣／部长Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 环境、食品及农村事务部Secretary of State forEnvironment, Food andRural Affairs环境食品农村事务大臣／部长Department of Health卫生部Secretary of State forHealth卫生大臣／部长Department for International Development 国际发展部Secretary of State forInternationalDevelopment国际发展大臣／部长Department of Trade and Industry 贸易及工业部Secretary of State forTrade and Industry贸易及工业大臣／部长Department for Transport交通部Secretary of State forTransport交通大臣／部长Department for Work and Pensions 工作及养恤金部Secretary of State forWork and Pensions工作及养恤金大臣／部长Department for Constitutional Affairs 宪法事务部Secretary of State forConstitutional Affairs宪法事务大臣／部长Ministry of Defence国防部Secretary of State forDefence国防大臣／部长Foreign and Commonwealth Office 外交及联邦事务部Secretary of State forForeign andCommonwealth Affairs（一般称the ForeignSecretary）外交及联邦事务大臣／部长（一般称外交大臣／部长）Home Office内务部Secretary of State for theHome Department（一般称the Home Secretary）内务大臣／部长Northern Ireland Office北爱尔兰事务部Secretary of State forNorthern Ireland北爱尔兰事务大臣／部长Scotland Office苏格兰事务部Secretary of State forScotland苏格兰事务大臣／部长Wales Office威尔士事务部Secretary of State forWales威尔士事务大臣／部长HM Treasury财政部Chancellor of theExchequer财政大臣／部长Privy Council 枢密院Lord President of the Privy Council 枢密院大臣／院长 Law Officers’ Department 法务部 Attorney General 总检察长 Minister without Portfolio 不管部大臣Lord Privy Seal掌玺大臣Lord Protector 护国公Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特公爵郡大臣表2 美国现设主要行政部门、部门主管及其汉译美国行政部门英语原文汉语翻译部门主管英语原文汉语翻译 Department of State 国务部 Secretary of State 国务部长 Department of theTreasury财政部Secretary of the Treasury财政部长 Department of Defense 国防部 Secretary of Defense 国防部长 Department of Justice 司法部 Attorney General司法部长Department of theInterior内政部Secretary of the Interior 内政部长 Department ofAgriculture 农业部Secretary of Agriculture 农业部长 Department ofCommerce商务部Secretary of Commerce 商务部长 Department of Labor 劳工部Secretary of Labor 劳工部长Department of Health and Human Services 卫生和公共服务部 Secretary of Health and Human Services 卫生和公众服务部长 Department of HomelandSecurity国土安全部Secretary of HomelandSecurity国土安全部长Department of Education 教育部 Secretary of Education 教育部长 Department of Energy 能源部Secretary of Energy 能源部长Department of Housing and Urban Development 住房和城市发展部 Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 住房和城市发展部长 Department ofTransportation运输部Secretary ofTransportation运输部长Department of Veterans Affairs 退伍军人事务部Secretary of VeteransAffairs退伍军人事务部长值得注意的一点是，在“部”的称谓方面，现代英国词语系统有向美国词语系统靠拢的趋势，对新建或改建的“部”，不再称“Ministry ”，而称“Department ”，如Department of Trade and Industry （1970）、Department for Culture, Media and Sport （1997）、Department for Education and Skills （2001）、Department forEnvironment, Food and Rural Affairs（2001）、Department for Work and Pensions （2002）、Department for Constitutional Affairs（2003）等。

美国各大部门缩写

美国各大部门缩写美国英语的一大特色就是词首字母缩写特别多。

一般的美国联邦政府部门缩写有：USDA - Department of AgricultureDoC - Department of CommerceDoI - Department of the InteriorDoL - Department of LaborDoS - Department of StateDoT - Department of TransportationDoJ - Department of JusticeED - Department of EducationHHS - Department of Health and Human ServicesDoE - Department of EnergyVA - Department of VeteransAffairsHUD - Department of Housing and Urban Development DHS - Department of Homeland SecurityDEA - Drug Enforcement AdministrationICE - United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement IRS - Internal Revenue ServiceATF - Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives NCIS - Naval Criminal Investigative ServiceJAG - Judge Advocate General(A)USA - (Assistant) United States AttorneryUSCIS - United States Citizenship and Immigration Service USPS - United States Postal ServiceSEC - Security and Exchange CommissionFCC - Federal Communication CommissionFTC - Federal Trade CommissionFAA - Federal Aviation AdministrationNTSB - National Transportation Safety BoardGSA - General Service AdministrationDIA - Defense Intelligence AgencyNRO - National Reconnaissance OfficeNGA - National Geospatial-Intelligence AgencyEPA - Environmental Protection AgencyFEC - Federal Election CommissionNASA - National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNSF - National Science FoundationAMTRAK - National Railroad Passenger CorporationSSA - Social Security AdministrationNOAA - National Oceanic & Atmospheric AdministrationUSGS - United States Geological SurveyFEMA - Federal Emergency Management AgencyCBP - United States Customs and Border ProtectionCDC - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionFDA - Food and Drug AdministrationNIH - National Institutes of HealthDARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyFBI - Federal Bureau of Investigation, a bureau within the Department of JusticeCIA - Central Intelligence Agency, an independant government agencyNSA - National Security Agency, an intelligence/combat support agency within the Department of DefenseDoD - Department of DefenseUSSS - United States Secret Service。