英汉十大差异

• An illustration is furnished by an editorial in the Washington Post (January 17, 2001) 译文 《华盛顿邮报》（2001年1月17日）的一 篇社论提供了一个例证。 • It has been known for a long time that there is a first relationship between the heart and the liver. 译文 长期以来，大家知道心脏和肝脏的关系 是最主要的。 6. 英语多复合长句；汉语多简单短句 英语多复合长句； • As we live near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find famust stand up for your friend 译文 你得支持你的朋友 • To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 译文 对敌人的仁慈就是对人民的残忍。 • Mary is considering changing her job. 译文 玛丽正在考虑调换工作。 9. 英语重时体；汉语轻时体 英语重时体； • He is always thinking of how he could do more for the people. 译文 他总是考虑如何为人民做更多的事。 • He is constantly leaving his things about. 译文 他老是乱放东西
• More recently he introduced himself into the debate on welfare reform by insisting that unwed motherhood, not joblessness, was the key problem. 译文 最近，由于坚持认为是未婚母亲而不是 失业才是问题症结所在，他使自己卷入关于 福利改革的争论中去。 代词 • According to the group, most reconstructive surgeries resulting from dog bites are performed on dog owners and their family and friends. 译文 A 据该组织说，大多数做被狗咬后的修 复手术的是狗的主人，家人和朋友。 译文 B 据该组织说，大多数做被狗咬后的修 复手术的是狗的主人以及他们的家人和朋友。
• I am now living in a very pleasant flat. 译文 我现在住在一间非常舒适的公寓里。 • You have always been making that mistake. 译文 他老是犯那个错误。 • They were building a dam last winter. They built a dam last winter. • I forget his name. I am forgetting how to speak French. 10. 英语重形态；汉语轻形态 英语重形态； 构词 • The disaster of deinstitutionalization is part of this. 译文 让住院的精神病患者出院而增加无家可 归的人所酿成的灾难后果就是一例。
• I’m afraid of you misunderstanding me. 译文 我担心你误解了我。 • But this very formulation is indicative of the underlying attitude. 译文 但这一说法已表明其内心态度。 • That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. 译文 这将证实它的使用是十分普遍的。 4. 英语重物称；汉语重人称 英语重物称； • A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilivie in. 译文 奥格尔维进门时带进来一缕雪茄烟雾。 • Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. 译文 这位曾给全世界带来笑声的人自己却饱 尝辛酸。
译文B Its public exposure of the ugliness of old 译文 stereotype and the old dogma and its call to the people to rise against them were a tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement . 3. 英语静态 英语静态(Static); 汉语动态 (Dynamic) • I fell madly in love with her and she with me. 译文 我疯狂地爱上了她，她也疯狂地爱上了 我。 • A woman with fair opportunities, and without an absolute hump may marry whom she likes. 译文 一个女人只要不是十分驼背，机会好 的话，想嫁给谁就嫁给谁。 • Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning. 译文 他来回晃着脑袋，欲望在膨胀，意志 在萎缩。
• It may be… a low-lying arid stretch with miles of white sandy beach, and no sign of people, very bleached and barren. 译文 那可能是……低洼、连绵数英里、人迹 罕至、荒茫贫瘠的白色干沙漠。 8. 英语重短语；汉语轻短语 英语重短语； • But with the world steel industry deep in the doldrums, who need iron ore carriers? 译文 世界钢铁工业很不景气，谁还需要这些 矿砂船呢？ • I have never met a person so difficult to understand as my husband. 译文 我从未遇见过像我丈夫这么难以理解的 人。
译文 我们就住在路边。过路人和外乡人常到 我们家，尝尝我们家酿的酸果酒。这种酒很 有名气。我敢说，尝过的人，从没有挑剔过。 我这话像历史学家说的话一样靠的住。 7. 英语重后饰；汉语重前饰 英语重后饰； • The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt. 译文 每次看病的诊断似乎都和我所有的感觉 完全相符。 • It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having different bias. 译文 想象与持不同偏见的人进行辩论，是一 个很好的办法。
• The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country. 译文 小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器， 掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大国 的侵略。 • 揭穿这种老八股、老教条的丑态给人民看， 号召人民起来反对老八股、老教条，这就是 五四运动时期的一个极大的功绩。 译文 A A tremendous achievement of the May 4th Movement was its public exposure of the ugliness of old stereotype and the old dogma and its call to the people to rise against them.
• My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Dorrow’s hand. 译文 观众从他身边挤过去争相与Dorrow握手 时，我很同情这位久经沙场的老将。 5. 英语多被动 英语多被动(Passive)；汉语多主动 ；汉语多主动(Active) • The importance of oceanography as a key to the understanding of our planet is seldom as well appreciated. 译文 海洋学是认识我们星球的关键，其重要 性人们却很少理解。 • The challenge from the Third World has always been foreseen by our shipping company. 译文 我们的航海运输公司总能预见来自第三 世界的挑战。
英汉十大差异
1. 英语重形合 (Hypotaxis)，汉语重意合 ， (Parataxis) • An Englishman who could not speak Chinese was once traveling in China. 译文 一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在 中国旅行。 2. 英语前重心 汉语后重心 英语前重心; • Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. 译文 生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写 悲剧。
• “The butterflies use the forest as an umbrella and a blanket,” said Lincoln Brower, a biology professor at Sweet Briar College in Virginia. State of U. S. “If they get wet, they lose their tolerance to freezing,” he told Reuters by telephone. 译文 美国弗吉尼亚州斯威特 布莱尔学 院的生物学教授林肯 布劳尔说：“这种 蝴蝶把森林当作伞，当作毯子。” 他在 电话中对路透社记者说：“如果这种蝴 蝶变得潮湿，就会失去耐寒性。”