学案分词的复习.doc

分词的复习----- (Participle)

1.分词的句法功能：可作，，，

1.分词作定语

a.单个分词作定语，放在名词前，分词短语放在名词,相当于从句。

Eg. The man standing at ths window is our teacher.

Polluted water and air are harmful to people's health.

•分词后置(i.分词词组;ii.个别分词如given, left； iii.修饰不定代词something 等) Eg. There was a girl sitting there.

This is the question given.

There is nothing interesting.

EXo

1). Don't disturb the(sleep) child.

2). The dustman cleared away the(fall) leaves on the street.

3). This is one of the problems(solve) at the meeting.

4). He put the bag(contain) a lot of books on the desk.

EX.

Have you heard of the traffic accident yesterday?

A.happened

B. happening

C. which happened

D. happen

b.现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，或与谓语动作儿乎一致，或表示某个经常的动作或状态，如果和过去时间连用则不合适，应该为定语从句。

Eg. Those who have finished the papers may hand in them to the teacher.

•所以，现在分词完成式以及现在分词完成被动式都不可作定语修饰名词。

Eg. The movie having been translated into many foreign languages is very popular especially among young people.

The builders having completed the hotel were given prizes.

c.不及物动词的现在分词表示动作正在进行，过去分词不表示被动，而表示动作的完成。

Eg. rising sun risen sun

falling leave fallen leave

developing country developed country

•不及物动词的过去分词表示主动

Eg. an escaped prisoner

a returned student

a retired worker

d.如果是使动词分词作定语，是物用现在分词，是人则用过去分词

•但过去分词还修饰表示心理或神态的名词

Eg. a worried look in his eyes

The boy cried in a frightened voice.

3.分词作状语

Ex.

Which choice is wrong?

A.Having many good properties, metal is widely used in industry.

B.Followed by a group of old women, I had to slow down my pace.

C.Having so many good properties, we often use metal in industry.

D.Following the guide, a group of old women asked him to slow down.

a.分词的逻辑主语一定要和句子的主语一致，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词Eg.(Walk) on the street, I was hit by a ball on the head.

(See) from a spaceship, the Great Wall looks like a huge dragon.

•但某些分词己被用作介词或连词，主被动按惯例

如:supposing, considering, judging, concerning, regarding, provided

Eg. 1.(Consider)his bad eye-sight, he can sit in the front of the classroom.

2.(Judge) from her hair style, she must be from Japan.

3.(Provide) that there is sufficient time, we can do the work better.

还有speaking of, talking about, generally speaking etc.

b.分词可以充当各种状语

时间状语

Eg.(hear) the news, they all danced for joy.

When(heat), water changes into steam.

条件状语

Eg. (unite), we stand,(divide), we fall.

原因状语

Eg.(be) a student, I must study hard.

让步状语

Eg. Even though(defeat) for a second time, Jack did not give in.

4.分词作表语

a.通常分词是使动词的现在分词和过去分词

Eg. The result was(surprise).

They were(surprise) at the result

b.系动词除“be”动词外还可以是appear, become, come, feel, go, get, grow, lie, look, remain, stay,

stand etc.

3.分词作宾补

宾补时现在分词，宾语则是分词动作的发出者，是主动式；如果宾补是过去分词，宾语则是分词动作的承受者，是被动式。

a.感官动词：hear, notice, look at, watch, see, listen to, feel smell, find, discover etc.

Eg. I saw the girl(cross) the street.

I saw the girl(cross) the street and run away.

•不定式作宾补是指动作的全过程，现在分词作宾补指动作正在进行。

Eg. I find the girl(sing)in English.

I find all the bottles(fill) up with mineral water.