国际商务英语总复习资料.docx
国际商务英语1
国际商务英语复习资料customs unionhost countryquotadiscountcreditinvoiceFDIheadquartersnon-tariff barrierdebtorAPECinfra structureparent MNCICCinvoiceunit pricecompetitive devaluations underwritersPrinciple of Nondiscrimination Treatment internationalization tenor draftcontract carrierECOSOCdraweefluctuationcorrespondent bankconsular invoicediscount rateidle fundsdirect quote8.standby arrangementV ATGDPStock exchange documentssettle.FDInon-tariff barrierexchange rateinsurance policydebtorquotationcreditor countrydocuments.跟单汇票买入价债权国报价单世界银行集团单据非关税壁垒绝对利益汇率投资直接标价法经济一体化世界贸易组织母公司分批装运进口关税询价合同金边债券租赁大额存单债权国贸易惯例初级产品不可抗力购货确认书资金周转普惠制优惠期人均收入最惠国待遇欧洲支付联盟零库存最大诚信原则大萧条外汇管制相对利益优惠（宽限）期到期国际货币基金组织关税同盟间接标价法股东金本位制发票受益方出口关税关税联盟风险世界贸易组织金融询价.合同缔约国全球化licensor changes made to somethingPPP a person or company granting a license expertise major bank, most important bank leading bank purchasing power parityamendment expert skill or knowledgehyper-inflation authentic materialsverified data something that is put in business operation clean credit soaring of prices beyond controlmiddleman trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumer input credit that does not require shipping documents for payment drawback duties levied on the basis of the goodsad valorem duties duties paid on imported goods that are refunded when re-exported voluntary offer being believed or accepted by others as reliable in making payment credit-worthiness the company that can make use of an L/C to get paid for its export beneficiary an offer made on the initiative of the offererassess to take what is needed from, to exploittap something that is put in business operationinput to judge an amount or valueframework the price or cost of transportationcarriage organization structureGold standard transportation contractcustom areasvisible tradediscountthe commercial invoice: creditexchange ratebarterinvisible tradeforeign direct investmentoral business negotiationscommon marketinternational stock exchangeimmigrant remittancedirect quotefree trade areainternational businessoral business negotiationstariffsindirect quoteabsolute advantagetransportationcontractvisible tradethe commercial invoice:insurance:What are the major differences between international business and domestic business?What are the main principles of insurance?What are the basic feature and major role of economic globalization?What are meant by high income, middle income, and low income countries according to the World Bank ?What is international trade? Why did it take place?What institutions does the World Bank Group consist of?What are the factors influencing the exchange rate?What are the major objectives of the WTO?What’s the difference between GNP and GDP?What’s the Special Drawing Right? how was it created?Why is documentation very important in foreign trade?In which main forms is FDI practiced?What has China done to honour its commitments for gaining accession to the WTO?Describe briefly the characteristics of MNEs.What are the major modes of the modern freight transportation system?What are the three major objectives of WTO?The key development to watch in trade is the relationship _______ the industrialized and the developing nations. Third world countries export their mineral deposits and agricultural produce, ________ bring them desired foreign ex________. Tourism has also been greatly responsible _______ the rapid development of some developing nations. Many third World nations w_______ high employment and l______ wages have seen an emigration of workers to the de_______ nations. Western Europe has received millions ________ such workers from Mediterranean countries. The developing countries pr_____ when these workers bring their savings and their acquired technical skills back home. Many developing countries benefit when Western nations establish manufacturing in their countries to take ad_________ of cheap labour.In spite of a shrinking share of total transportation, railroads re the nation’s largest transportation carrier, accounting 30 percent of the nation’s total cargo ton-miles. Railroads are one of the cost-effective modes for shipping car-load quantities of bulk products such as coal, sand, minerals, farm and forest productslong land distances. The rate costs for shipping merchandise are quite complex. The lowest r comes from shipping carload rather t less-than-carload quantities. Manufacturers will attempt to combine shipments common destinations to take adv of lower carload rates. Railroads have recently begun to increase customer-oriented services. They have designed new equipment to ha special categories of merchandise more efficiently, provided flatcars for carrying truck trailers by rail, and provided in-transit services 43 as diversion of shipped goods to other destinations en route and processing goods en route.As soon as an o is accepted by the customer, the exporter sends him a contract to con the sale. In so doing, some Chinese import and export corporations use a sales contract and some use a sales confirmation. Both are documents the nature of a contract. Usu., a sales contract or sales confirmation contains some general terms and conditions as well as thesp terms which vary with the comm . But such details the names of seller and buyer, descriptions of the goods, quantity, unit price, total amount, terms of delivery, terms of payment, ports of shipment and destination and so on are ind . The sales contract or sales confirmation is normally made out in two originals, one for the ex himself and the other for his customer. The number of copies may be decided ac to need. Signing a sales contract or a sales confirmation means conc of business in written form.A documentary credit is a letter is________ by a bank at the request of an importer of goods in w_______ the bank promises to pay a ben_________(usually, though not always, the exporter of the goods) upon per_________ of documents relating to the dispatch of the goods. A letter of credit is sometimes just called credit, or L/C _______ short. The com________ letter of credit is always a documentary credit in that it specifies the documents required such ______ a bill of lading, an invoice and an insurance document plus one ________ two other documents. If these documents are in or_______ and shipment has been made as specified in the credit, the bank will pay for the consignment in exchange for the documents or will accept a bill of ex____ and, possibly, negotiate it.UNCTAD is the intergovernmental body within the UN system for comprehensive review of trade, development and other related issues. UNCTAD is designed to promote trade and economic development of all countries. Particularly developing countries. Over the 40-plus years since its founding, UNCTAD has played important role in fostering North-South dialogue and cooperation, promoting trade and economic development of the developing countries and assisting them in speeding up integration into the multilateral trading economy.In documentary collection, the exporter sends the draft and the shipping documents representing title to the goods to his bank, which forwards them to another bank in the importer’s country, which in turn contacts the customer. In the case of documents against payment (D/P), documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effected. There are D/P at sight and D/P after sight. The former requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents. The latter gives the importer a certain period after presentation of the documents, but documents are not released to him until he actually pays for the merchandise. In the case of documents against acceptance against acceptance (D/A), documents are handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter. Payment will not be made until a later date. D/A is always after sight.APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australian capital Canberra attended by 12 members of Australia, the United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries. As put by the Seoul Declaration passed in 1991, its tenet and objectives are “inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system and reduction of regional trade barriers”. In 1991, China joined APEC as a sovereign state while Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong joined it as territory economies. Now APEC has altogether 21 members including all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.Most multinational corporations are made up of vast numbers of foreign subsidiaries, companies in which over 50 percent is owned by the parent company. Like all corporations, MNCs are organized according to the goals the set for themselves. They strive to retain access to the necessary resources: raw material, manpower, and capital. Furthermore, they try to grow through global cooperation by increasing their access to world resources. This leads them to expand their foreign market position, in other words, to increase their market share. MNCs grew into strong entities by reinvesting their profits prudently so as to further increase access to resources. They had to hire more and more talented local people abroad, and they had to purchase raw materials in foreign countries.1．许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令2．要评估一个市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里的居民的购买力高低提供了线索。
商务英语05844总复习资料
商务英语05844总复习资料月高等教育自学考试国际商务英语及答案年4全国2011课程代码：05844Ⅰ. Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese. (10%)1. in a detour 迂回竞争性贬值 2. competitive devaluation寄售人 3. consignor客户流动性 4. customer mobility豁免条款 5. escape clauses股东 6. share holders潜在损失7. potential loss运载船只8. carrying vessel粗心大意9. negligent从量税10. specific dutyⅡ. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English. (10%)11.债权国The credit countryInternational contract 国际合同12.Term payment /分阶段付款13.定期付款The insured 被保险人14.The population plan 15.人口计划The preferential duty16.特惠税Infrastructure construction project 17.基础设施项目Shipping list 18.装箱单Disrupted19.破产Land and labor force20.土地和劳动力Ⅲ. Match the words and expressions on the left with the explanations on the right. (10%)21. facilities( d )a. the price or cost of transportation22. premises( g ) b. easily to go bad23. middleman( f ) c. not to do something that has been arranged or decided upon24. perishable ( b ) d. something designed, built or installed to serve a specificfunction or perform a particular service25. access( j ) e. the act of paying a bill, debt, charge, etc.26. controversy( i ) f. trader through whom goods pass between the producer andthe customer27. carriage( a ) g. a tract of land including its buildings28. settlement( e ) h. an official group of persons who direct or supervise someactivities of a firm29. board( h ) i. public argument about something which many peopledisagree with30. cancel( c ) j. a way by which a place, esp. property can be reached orentered or usedⅣ. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English. (10%)31. term draft 远期汇票A draft which requires to pay after sight or in a given period of time after representation of relevant documents.32. transferable credit可转让信用证Credit which can be transferred to other parties during the transportation of goods.33. direct quote直接报价A certain amount of foreign currency, usually oneunit or one hundred unit, is marked with equivalent amount of homecurrency.34. acquisition收购Buying existing facilities35. GATT关税和贸易总协定The General Agreement of Tariff and Trade.V. Answer the following questions in English. (20%)36. What are the five major modes of the modern freight transportation system?Water, air, road, rail, pipeline37. What do “valued”policies mean?Valued policies mean that a country provide investors with preferential policies for insured return in order to attract foreign investment.38. What is the purpose to establish GSP(the Generalized System of Preference)?The purpose of GSP is to help development of developing countries by provide tariff concession to them.39. What is the relationship between MNEs and their host countries?The relationship of MNEs and their host countries is interdependable and interactive.Ⅵ. Translate the following into Chinese. (15%)40. The Bank for International Settlement (BIS) is a unique institution. Many of its operations are of types normally performed by a commercial bank, but it is owned principally by central banks, and managed by central banks and its principal customers are central banks. The objects of BIS are to promote the cooperation among central banks and toprovide additional facilities for international operations.国际结算银行是一个独特的机构。
国际商务英语复习题.doc
国际商务英语复习题.doc国际商务英语复习题国际商务英语单元综合测试（一）I. absolute advantage 绝对利益3. farm produce 农产品5. roll-on and roll-off traffic 滚装滚卸运输7. GDP 国内生产总值9. Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议11. 贸易壁垒 trade barriers13. 电子数据交换 EDI （ Electronic DataInterchange ）15. 跨国公司母公司parent MNC17. 非关税捲垒 1 non- tariff barrier19. 进口关税 import duties国际商务英语单元综合测试（二）1. documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证3. n et position 头寸5. clearing system 清算系统7. the validity period 有效期9.leading bank 主要银行11 .循环信用证 revolving credit13. 即期信用证sight credit15. 信用证 the letter of credit17. 提单bill “lading19?自有承运人 private carrier2. Partial shipment 分批装运 4. c lean bill of lading 清洁提单 6. confirming bank 保兑行8. contract carrier 契约承运人10. revocable credit 可撤销信用证 12. 国际价格协议 international price agreement 14. 海关发票customs invoice 16. 商业全球化globalization of business 18. 销售合同 sales contract 20. 互购贸易counter purchase1证券交易所 2最惠国条款 3。
国际商务英语复习资料
国际商务英语〔5844〕名词解释The theory of absolute advantage 绝对利益学说Free trade area 自由贸易区Creditor country 债权Quotation 报价单A counter-offer 还盘Consignment 寄售Bill of lading 提单invoice 发票Beneficiary 受益人Foreign exchange reserves 外汇储藏foreign exchange control 外汇管制Agency agreement 代理合约/协议Business correspondence 商业信函Customs duties 关税Absolute quota 绝对配额承兑Gain progit 获利Futures trade 世界贸易化Knowledge industry 知识产业People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行Hague Rules 海牙规则Business reputation 商业信誉intellectual property 知识产权Packed of deal 一揽子交易CFR cost and freightCIF cost,insurance and freightexpertise 专家意见expert knowledge or skill,esp.in a particular field; know-howGDP 国内生产总值Gross Domestic ProductAssess 评定估定to judge an amount or valueTap 轻打开发分接to take what is needed from,to exploitTrade liberalization 贸易自由化of trade, the act of government in lifting controls over imports and exportsTariff 关税tax levied by the customsRevenue 收入the total annual income of a stateInput 投入something that is put in businss operationSpecialization 专业化to restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fieldsMFN 最惠国means most-favoured-nation which is a tariff treament.It is bilaterally given and provides for the lowest tariff in the tariffcode.Bisible trade it involves the import and export of goods.Immigrant remittance 移民汇款it refers to the money sent back to home countries by people working in a foreign land.Tariff 关税duties imposed on goods imported and exportedMaritme 近似的xonnected with the sea or navigationClassification 分类the arrangement of things by groupsContract 合约is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties. Oral business negotiations 口头商业谈判oral and written. The former refers to direct discussions conducted at trade fairs or by sending trade groups abroad or by inviting foreign customers.Force majeure 不可抗力social or natural calamities that take place beyond the control of a contracting partyFirm offer 实盘an offer whose terms and conditions are binding on the offerer.Inflation 通货膨胀rise in prices bruoght about by the excess demand, expansion of monye supply, credit etc.Fluctuation 波动irregular movement of (prices,exchange rates etc.)Drawee 付款人the person to whom a draft is drawn.Confirming bank 保兑银行the bank that adds its own commitment to an L/C.Bill of exchange 汇票written order drawn by the beneficiary on the bank for the purpose of payment.The invoice 商业发票it is the general description of the quality and quantity of the goods and the unit and total price.Transportation 运输is defined as the movement of freght and passengers from one location to another.Distribution 分配，发行combination of related parts or elements accepted or rejected as a single unit.Insurance 保险is a social device in which a group of individuals transfei risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.F.P.A.(free from particular average) 平安险is a very limited cover confining the insurer’s liability,stectly speaking, to only total loss of the insured cargo,and partial loss of or damage to the cargo is answerable only where the carrying vessel is grounded,sunk or burnt. Regional economic integration is the loosest form of regard economic intergration in which members remove barrier to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regardsto trade with outsiders.翻译：1) International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. 国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
自考国际商务英语学科考试复习要点
国际商务英语学科考试复习要点Lesson 1 International Business商务术语：FDI GDP BOT patent copyright value chain franchising (紫色书10-11页)考点：国际商务贸易的主要类型（major types of international business）A．Trade（贸易）：a. commodity trade (商品贸易,也叫有形贸易visible trade )b. trade (服务贸易, 也叫无形贸易invisible trade)B. Investment (投资): a. foreign direct investment (FDI 外国直接投资)b. portfolio investment (证券投资)C. Other types (其他类型): a. licensing and franchising (国际许可与特许经营)b. management contract and contract manufacturing (管理合同和承包生产)翻译练习:1.随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries2.BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey projectLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market商务术语:GNP PPP ( purchasing power parity 购买力平价) Staple goods (大路货)creditor country ( 债权国) (紫色书25页)考点:国民生产总值和国生产总值(GNP 和GDP)GNP: refers to the market value of goods ands produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economyGDP:refers to the market value of all goods ands produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita income (人均收入): It is calculated by dividing its national income by its population Triad and Quad (三方组合和四方组合): A. United StatesB. Western EuropeC. JapanD. Canada翻译练习:1.国民生产总值和国生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入,在衡量国民收入方面可以互换使用。
商务英语复习资料(DOC)
Unit OneⅠ.英译汉：1. trading bloc 贸易集团2. import share 进口额度3. production and distribution sharing 合作生产和分配共享4. global reorientation 全球性的重新定位5. conduct international business 从事国际商务6. insurance company 保险公司7. provide for efficient transportation 提供便利交通8. forge a network of global linkages 形成全球网络（联网）9. international investment 国际投资e and acceptance of the common coinage采用和接纳同一货币制度Ⅱ.汉译英1.贸易惯例business practice2.石油危机oil shock3.市场份额market share4.完成交易carry out transaction5.以市场为基础的商业交易market based business transaction6.跨国公司multinational corporation7.国际贸易量volume of international trade8.主要经济大国major economic powers9.提高生活水平improve the standards of living10.股票市场stock market11.年销售额annual sales12.国内生产总值gross domestic productUnit TwoⅠ.英译汉1.patterns of world trade 世界贸易格局2.bulky or perishable goods 大件货物或易腐烂商品3.a heavy consumer of natural resources 自然资源的主要消费者4.an elite group of merchants and entrepreneurs 商业和企业家的精英群体5.outlaw strip mining of coal 立法禁止采矿6.resist foreign investment in one's industry 抵制外国在某国工业方面的投资7.undertake steps to limit oil consumption 采取措施限制石油消费8.impose tariffs and quotas on imported items采取对进口商品征收关税和实行配额9.International Bauxite Association (IBA) 国际铝矿协会anization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)石油输出国组织Ⅱ.汉译英1.初级产品primary commodities2.价格下跌price drop3.劳动成本labor costs4.生产国和消费国producing and consuming nations5.粮食主要出口商dominant exporters of grains6.国际收支balance of payments7.第三方 a third party8.批量生产mass-produce9.比较成本理论theory of comparative advantage10.金属含量metal content11.期货交割futures delivery12.商品期货交易commodity futures trading13.采取保护主义措施take protectionist measures14.消费国consuming countries15.运输费用transportation expenses16.减缓对石油的依赖lessen one’s dependence on oil17.炸糖加工设备sugar processing facilities18.外汇foreign exchangeⅢ.短文翻译The theory of international trade has changed drastically from that first put forward by Adam Smith. The classical theories of Adam Smith and David Ricardo focused on the abilities of countries to produce goods more cheaply than other countries. The earliest production and trade theories saw labor as the major factor expense that went into any product. If a country could pay that labor less, and if that labor could produce more physically than labor in other countries, the country might obtain an absolute or comparative advantage in trade.国际贸易理论自从亚当史密斯第一次提出后就发生了很大的变化。
自考国际商务英语复习必看资料
《国际商务英语》串讲Aabroad adv. 在国外，出国，广泛流传absence n. 缺席，离开absent adj. 不在，不参与absenteeism n. （经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v. 吸收，减轻（冲击、困难等）作用或影响abstract n. 摘要access n. 接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v. 获得使用计算机数据库的权利accommodation n. 设施，住宿account n. 会计帐目accountancy n. 会计工作accountant n. 会计accounts n. 往来帐目account for 解释，说明account executive n. （广告公司）客户经理*accruals n. 增值，应计achieve v. 获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v. 承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人acquire v. 获得，得到*acquisition n. 收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj. 代理的activity n. 业务类型actual adj. 实在的，实际的，确实的adapt v. 修改，适应adjust v. 整理，使适应administration n. 实施，经营，行政administer v. 管理，实施adopt v. 采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v. 公布，做广告ad n. 做广告，登广告advertisement n. 出公告，做广告advertising n. 广告业after-sales service n. 售后服务agenda n. 议事日程agent n. 代理人，经纪人allocate v. 分配，配给amalgamation n. 合并，重组ambition n. 强烈的欲望，野心*amortise v. 摊还analyse v 分析，研究analysis n. 分析，分析结果的报告analyst n. 分析家，化验员annual adj. 每年的，按年度计算的annual general meeting （AGM）股东年会anticipate v. 期望anticipated adj. 期待的appeal n. 吸引力apply v. 申请，请求；应用，运用applicant n. 申请人application n. 申请，施用，实施appointee n. 被任命人appraisal n. 估量，估价appreciate v. 赏识，体谅，增值*appropriate v. 拨出（款项）approve v. 赞成，同意，批准aptitude n. 天资，才能*arbitrage n. 套利arbitration n. 仲裁*arrears n. 欠帐assemble v. 收集，集合assembly-line n. 装配线，流水作业线assess v. 评定，估价asset n. 资产current asset n. 流动资产fixed asset n. 固定资产frozen asset n. 冻结资产intangible assets n. 无形资产liquid assets n. 速动资产tangible assets n. 有形资产assist v. 援助，协助，出席audit n. 查账，审计automate v. 使某事物自动操作average n. 平均，平均水准awareness n. 意识；警觉Bbacking n. 财务支持，赞助backhander n. 贿赂*backlog n. 积压（工作或订货）bad debt 死账（无法收回的欠款）balance n. 收支差额，余额balance of payments n. 贸易支付差额balance sheet n. 资产负债表bankrupt adj. 破产的bankruptcy n. 破产bank statement n. 银行结算清单（给帐户的），银行对账单bar chart n. 条形图，柱状图bargain v. 谈判，讲价base n. 基地，根据地batch n. 一批，一组，一群batch production 批量生产bear market n. 熊市beat v. 超过，胜过behave v. 表现，运转behaviour n. 举止，行为，运转情况below-the-line advertising 线下广告，尚未被付款的广告benchmark n. 衡量标准benefit n. 利益，补助金，保险金得益fringe benefits n. 附加福利sickness benefit n. 疾病补助费bid n. 出价，投标takeover bid n. 盘进（一个公司）的出价bill n. 账单，票据billboard n. （路边）广告牌，招贴板black adj. 违法的in the black 有盈余，贷方black list 黑名单，禁止贸易的（货物、公司及个人）名单black Monday n. 黑色星期一，指1987年10月国际股票市场崩溃的日子blue chips n. 蓝筹股，绩优股blue-collar adj. 蓝领（工人）的Board of Directors n. 董事会Bond n. 债券bonus n. 津贴，红利books n. 公司帐目book value n. 账面价值，（公司或股票）净值bookkeeper n. 簿记员，记帐人boom n. 繁荣，暴涨boost v. 提高，增加，宣扬bottleneck n. 瓶颈，窄路，阻碍bottom adj. 最后的，根本的v. 到达底部，建立基础bounce v. 支票因签发人无钱而遭拒付并退回brainstorm n./v. 点子会议，献计献策，头脑风暴branch n. 分支，分部brand n. 商标，品牌brand leader n. 占市场最大份额的品牌，名牌brand loyalty n. （消费者）对品牌的忠实break even v. 收支相抵，不亏不盈break even point 收支相抵点，盈亏平衡点breakthrough n. 突破brief n. 摘要brochure n. 小册子broker n. 经纪人，代理人bull market 牛市budget n. 预算bulk n. 大量（货物）adj. 大量的bust adj. 破了产的buyout n. 买下全部产权CCAD（=Computer Aided Design）n. 计算机辅助设计call n. 打电话call on v. 呼吁，约请，拜访campaign n. 战役，运动candidate n. 求职者，候选人canteen n. 食堂canvass v. 征求意见，劝说capacity n. 生产额，（最大）产量caption n. 照片或图片下的简短说明capital n. 资本，资金capture v. 赢得cash n. 现金，现付款v. 兑现cash flow n. 现金流量case study n. 案例分析catalogue n. 目录，产品目录catastrophe n. 大灾难，大祸CEO n. Chief Executive Officer（美）总经理chain n. 连锁店challenger n. 挑战者channel n. （商品流通的）渠道charge n. 使承担，要（价），把……记入（账册等）chart n. 图表checkout n. 付款台chief adj. 主要的，首席的，总的CIF， c.i.f. 成本保险费加运费circular n. 传阅的小册子（传单等）circulate v. 传阅claim n./v. 要求，索赔client n. 委托人，顾客cold adj. 没人找上门来的，生意清淡的commercialise v. 使商品化commission n. 佣金*commitment n. 承诺commodity n. 商品，货物company n. 公司limited （liability）company （ltd.）股份有限公司public limited company （plc）n. 股票上市公司compensate v. 补偿，酬报compensation n. 补偿，酬金compete v. 比赛，竞争competition n. 比赛，竞争competitor n. 竞争者，对手competitive adj. 竞争性的component n. 机器元件、组件、部件，部分concentrated marketing n. 集中营销策略condition n. 条件，状况*configuration n. 设备的结构、组合conflict n. 冲突，争论*conglomerate n. 综合商社，多元化集团公司*consolidate v. 帐目合并*consortium n. 财团constant adj. 恒定的，不断的，经常的consultant n. 咨询人员，顾问，会诊医生consumables n. 消耗品consumer durables n. 耐用消费品（如：洗衣机）consumer goods n. 消费品，生活资料*contingency n. 意外事件continuum n. 连续时间contract n. 合同，契约contractor n. 承办商，承建人contribute v. 提供，捐献contribution n. 贡献，捐献，税conversion n. 改装，改造conveyor n. 运送，传递，转让core time n. （弹性工作制的）基本上班时间（员工于此段时间必须上班，弹性只对除此以外的时间有效）cost n. 成本fixed costs 固定成本running costs 日常管理费用variable costs 可变成本cost-effective adj. 合算的，有效益的costing n. 成本计算，成本会计credit n. 赊购，赊购制度credit control 赊销管理（检查顾客及时付款的体系）letter of credit 信用证credit limit 赊销限额credit rating 信贷的信用等级，信誉评价creditor n. 债权人，贷方*creditworthiness n. 信贷价值，信贷信用crisis n. 危机，转折点critical adj. 关键的*critical path analysis n. 关键途径分析法currency n. 货币，流通current adj. 通用的，现行的Current account 往来帐户，活期（存款）户current assets n. 流动资产current liabilities n. 流动负债customise v. 按顾客的具体要求制造（或改造等）；顾客化cut-throat adj. 残酷的，激烈的cut-price a. 削价（出售）的CV（=curriculum vitae）n. 简历，履历*cycle time n. 循环时间Ddamages n. 损害，损失deadline n. 最后期限deal n. 营业协议，数量v. 交易dealer n. 商人debit n. 借方，欠的钱v. 记入帐户的借方debt n. 欠款，债务to get into debt 负债to be out of debt 不欠债to pay off a debt 还清债务debtor n. 债务人aged debtors 长期债务人declare v. 申报，声明decline n./v. 衰退，缓慢，下降decrease v. 减少deduct v. 扣除，减去default n. 违约，未履行defect n. 缺陷defective adj. 有缺点的defer v. 推迟deferred payments n. 延期支付deficit n. 赤字delivery cycle n. 交货周期*demand management n. 需求规化demotivated adj. 消极的，冷谈的deposit n. 储蓄，预付（定金）depot n. 仓库depreciate v. 贬值，（对资产）折旧depressing adj. 令人沮丧的deputy n. 代理人，副职，代理devalue v. 货币贬值（相对于其它货币）diet n. 饮食，食物，特种饮食differentiation n. 区分，鉴别dimensions n. 尺寸，面积，规模direct v 管理，指导director n. 经理，主管Managing Director n. 总经理direct cost n. 直接成本direct mail n. （商店为招揽生意而向人们投寄的）直接邮件direct selling n. 直销，直接销售directory n. 指南，号码簿discount n. 折扣，贴现dismiss v. 让……离开，打发走dismissal n. 打发走dispatch n./v. 调遣display n./v. 展出，显示dispose v. 安排，处理（事务）dispose of 去掉，清除distribution n. 分配，分发，分送产品*diversify v. 从事多种经营；多样化divest v. 剥夺dividend n. 股息，红利，年息division n. 部门*dog n. 滞销品down-market a./ad. 低档商品的*down-time/downtime n. 设备闲置期DP（=Data Processing）n. 计算机数据处理，计算机数据处理部门dramatic adj. 戏剧性的drive n. 积极性，能动性due adj. 应付的，预期的dynamic adj. 有活力的Eearnings n. 工资efficiency n. 效率endorse v. 背书，接受engage v. 雇用entitle v. 授权entitlement n. 应得的权利holiday entitlement n. 休假权equity n. 股东权益equity capital n. 股本equities 普通股，股票estimated demand n. 估计需求evaluate v. 估价，评价eventual adj. 最终的exaggerate v. 夸张exceed v. 超过exhibit n. 展览，表现expenditure n. 花费，支出额expense n. 费用，支出expense account n. 费用帐户expenses n. 费用，业务津贴expertise n. 专长，专门知识和技能*exposure n. 公众对某一产品或公司的知悉；广告所达到的观众总数Ffacilities n. 用于生产的设备、器材facilities layout n. 设备的布局规化、计划facilities location n. 设备安置*factoring n. 折价购买债券*fail-safe system n. 安全系统feasibility study n. 可行性研究feedback n. 反馈，反馈的信息field n. 办公室外边，具体业务file n. 文件集，卷宗，档案，文件v. 把文件（或资料）归档fill v. 充任finance n. 资金，财政v. 提供资金financial adj. 财政的financing n. 提供资金，筹借资金finished goods n. 制成品firm n. 公司fire v. 解雇fix v. 确定，使固定在fix up v. 解决，商妥fiscal adj. 国库的，财政的*flagship n. 同类中最成功的商品，佼佼者flexible adj. 有弹性的，灵活的flextime n. 弹性工作时间制flier（=flyer）n. 促销传单float v. 发行股票flop n. 失败flow shop n. 车间fluctuate v. 波动，涨落，起伏FOB， f.o.b n. 离岸价*follow-up n. 细节落实，接连要做的事forecast v. 预测four P's 指产品PRODUCT、价格PRICE、地点PLACE、促销PROMOTIONframework n. 框架，结构*franchise n. 特许经销权v. 特许经销，给予特许经销权franchisee n. 特许经营人franchiser n. 授予特许经营权者fraud n. 欺骗*freebie n. （非正式的）赠品，免费促销的商品freelance n.& adj. 自由职业者（的）funds n. 资金，基金futures n. 期货交易Ggap n. 缺口，空隙*gearing n. 配称（即定息债务与股份资本之间的比率）*gimmick n. 好主意，好点子goal n. 目标going adj. 进行的，运转中的going rate n. 产品的市场价格goods n. 货物，商品goodwill n. 声誉*go public v. 首次公开发行股票grapple with v. 与……搏斗，尽力解决grievance n. 申诉，抱怨gross adj. 总的，毛的gross margin n. 毛利率gross profit n. 毛利gross yield n. 毛收益gradually adv. 逐渐地group n. （由若干公司联合而成的）集团grow v. 增长，扩大growth n. 增长，发展guarantee n. 保证，保单guidelines n. 指导方针，准则Hhand in v. 呈送hand in one's notice 递交辞呈handle v. 经营*hands on adj. 有直接经验的hard sell n. 强行推销hazard n. 危险，危害行为head n. 主管，负责health and safety n. 健康和安全*hedge n. 套期保值hidden adj. 隐藏的，不明显的hierarchy n. 等级制度，统治集团，领导层hire v. 雇用hire purchase n. 分期付款购物法hit v. 击中，到达holder n. 持有者holding company n. 控股公司hostile adj. 不友好的，恶意的HRD n. 人力资源发展部human resources n. 人力资源Iimpact n. 冲击，强烈影响implement v. 实施，执行implication n 隐含意义incentive n. 刺激；鼓励income n. 工资或薪金收入，经营或投资的收入earned income 劳动收入，劳动所得unearned income 非劳动收入，投资所得increment v. 定期增加incur v 招致，承担*indemnity n. 偿还，赔偿index n. 指数，索引retail price index 零售价格指数indirect costs n. 间接成本induction n. 就职industrial adj. 工业的industrial action n. （罢工、怠工等）劳工行动industrial relations n. 劳资关系inefficiency n. 低效率，不称职inflate v. 抬高（物价），使通货等）膨胀inflation n. 通货膨胀*infringe v. 违法，违章initial adj. 初步的innovate v. 革新input n. 投入insolvent adj. 无清偿力的installment n. 部分，分期付款insure v. 给……保险，投保insurance n. 保险interest n. 利息，兴趣interest rate n. 利率interim n. 中期，过渡期间intermittent production n. 阶段性生产interview n./v. 面试interviewee n. 被面试的人interviewer n. 主持面试的人，招聘者introduce v. 介绍，提出*inventory n. 库存buffer inventory n. 用于应付突发性需求的存货capacity inventory n. 用于将来某时使用的存货cycle inventory n. 循环盘存decoupling inventory n. 保险性存货（以应付万一）finished goods inventory n. 制成品存货（盘存）pipeline inventory n. 在途存货raw materials inventory n. 原材料存货work-in-progress inventory n. 在制品盘存（存货）invest v. 投资investment n. 投资investor n. 投资者invoice n. 发票v. 给（某人）开发票irrevocable adj. 不可撤消的，不能改变的issue n. 发行股票* rights issue n. 优先认股权IT=Information Technology 信息技术item n. 货物，条目，条款Jjob n. 工作job description 工作说明，职务说明*job lot n. 一次生产的部分或少数产品job mobility 工作流动job rotation 工作轮换job satisfaction 工作的满意感（自豪感）*job shop n. 专门车间jobbing n. 为一次性的或小的订货需求而特设的生产制度joint adj. 联合的joint bank account （几个人的）联合银行存款帐户journal n. 专业杂志*jurisdiction n. 管辖（权）junk bonds n. 低档（风险）债券，垃圾债券junk mail n. （未经收信人要求的）直接邮寄的广告宣传*just-in-time n. 无库存制度Kkey adj. 主要的，关键的knockdown adj. （价格）很低的know-how n. 专门技术Llabel n. 标签，标牌v. 加标签，加上标牌labour n. 劳动，工作，劳动力labour market 劳动力市场labour relations 劳资关系labour shortage 劳动力短缺*launch v. 在市场推出一种新产品n. 新产品的推出lay-off/layoff n./v. 临时解雇layout n. 工厂的布局lead v. 领先，领导lead time n. 完成某项活动所需的时间leaflet n. 广告印刷传单lease n. 租借，租赁物legal adj. 合法的lend v. 出借，贷款lessee n. 承租人lessor n. 出租人*ledger n. 分类帐nominal ledger n. 记名帐purchase ledger n. 进货sales ledger n. 销货帐*leverage n. 杠杆比率liability n. 负债liabilities n. 债务licence（US：license）n. 许可证license v. 许可，批准life cycle n. 寿命周期likely adj. 可能的*line process 流水线（组装）link n. 关系，联系，环liquid adj. 易转换成现款的liquidate v. 清算*liquidity n. 拥有变现力liquidation n. 清理（关闭公司），清算liquidator n. 清算人，公司资产清理人listed adj. 登记注册的listing n. 上市公司名录literature n. （产品说明书之类的）印刷品，宣传品litigate v. 提出诉讼loan n./v. 贷款，暂借logo n. 企业的特有标记lose v. 亏损loser n. 失败者loss n. 损失lot n. 批，量loyalty n. 忠诚，忠实Mmagazine n. 杂志，期刊mailshot n. 邮购maintain v. 维持，保持maintenance n. 维持，坚持major adj. 重大的，主要的，较大的majority shareholding 绝对控股make n. 产品的牌子或型号make-to-order adj. 根据订货而生产的产品make-to-stock adj. 指那些在未收到订货时就已生产了的产品management n. 管理，管理部门middle management n. 中层管理人员senior management n. 高层管理人员managerial adj. 管理人员的，管理方面的manager n. 经理plant manager n. 工厂负责人line manager n. 基层负责人staff manager n. 部门经理助理management accounts n. 管理帐目matrix management n. 矩阵管理*management information system（MIS）n. 管理信息系统manning n. 人员配备manpower n. 劳动力manpower resources n. 劳动力资源manual adj. 体力的，人工的，蓝领的manufacture v. （用机器）制造manufacturer n. 制造者（厂、商、公司）manufacturing adj. 制造的manufacturing industry 制造业margin n. 利润gross margin n. 毛利率net margin n. 净利润mark-up v. 标高售价，加价market n. 市场；产品可能的销量down market adv./adj. 低档商品/地的up market adj./adv. 高档商品的/地marketing mix n. 综合营销策略，指定价、促销、产品等策略的配合market leader n. 市场上的主导公司*market niche n. 小摊位，专业市场的一个小部分1、国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而此国内贸易要复杂得多。
英语本科自考【复习资料】05844国际商务英语(词汇部分 )
国际商务英语复习题库unit one International businessI .Translate the following words and expressions from English into Chinese.commercial risk 贸易风险opportunity cost 机会成本absolute advantage 绝对优势intellectual property 人才资源1.visible trade有形贸易2. credit inquiry信用调查3. letter of credit信用证4.balance of trade贸易顺差5.sales contract销售合同 6.bill of lading提单7.consular invoice领事发票8. draft汇票1.counter-offer 还盘2.firm-offer 实盘3.enquiry 询盘4.offeror 发盘人5. cooperative negotiation 合作谈判6.offer without engagement 虚盘7.acceptance 承兑1.insurance premium 保险费2.certificate of origin 原产地证书3.metric ton 公吨4. inland freight 内陆运费5. FOB Under T ackle FOB 吊钩下交货1. cost structure 费用结构2. cost of production 生产成本3.profit margin 利润率4. selling cost 销售费用1.liner transport 班轮运输2. sea waybill 海运提单3. shipper 托运人4. shipping marks 运输标志5. war risks 战争险6. natural calamity 自然灾害7.total loss 全损8. sue and labor expenses 施救费用1. promotion 促销2.international marketing 国内营销3.product differentiation 产品差异化4. sociocultural factors 社会文化因素5. market structure 市场结构1. financial instruments 金融工具2. crossing cheque 划线支票3. sight bill 即期票据4. commercial invoice 商业发票5. shipping documents 船运单据6. consular invoice 领事发票7. insurance policy 保单1.remitting bank 汇出行2. consignment 寄售3.D/P 即期付款交单4. D/A 承兑交单5. credit assessment 信用评估6. performance guarantee 履行合同保证金7. overdraft guarantee 账号透支保函1.export commodities fairs 出口商品交易会II. Translate the following words and expressions from Chinese into English.国际商务international business 商业借贷commercial credit 双重征税double taxation 世贸组9.trade barrier贸易壁垒10.tariff关税11.export trade出口贸易12.letter of credit信用证13. transit trade过境贸易14.entrepot trade转口贸易15.certificate of origin原产地证书8.询盘enquiry 9. 还盘counter-offer 10.受盘人offered 11.发盘人offeror 12.虚盘offer without engagement 13. 实盘firm-offer6. 技术转让technological transfer7.内河航运inland water transportation8. 贸易协定trade agreement5.支付货币money of payment6. 硬货币hard 6. 市场细分market segmentation7.营销战略marketing strategy8. 消费者行为customer behavior9. 营销组合marketing mix 10.营销环境marketing environment 11. 目标市场target market12.营销研究market research currency 7.汇率exchange rate 8. 折扣discount9.期货/现货市场spot market9. 物权凭证document of title 10. 清洁提单clean bill of lading 11. 投保人policy-holder 12. 共同海损general average 13. 水渍险WPA ( with particular average)8. 价格术语term of price 9. 本票promissory note 10. 背书endorsement 11. 承兑人acceptor12. 受票人drawee 13. 商业单据commercial documents 14.提单bill of lading 15. 原产地证明certificate of origin 16.海关发票customs invoice10. 保兑行confirming bank 11. 议付行negotiating bank 12. 国际保理international factoring13. 银行保函bank guarantee 14. 光票托收clean collection 15规格、明细单specificationIV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.AQSIQ is abbreviation for The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局（简称国家质检总局）p29（卷一）32. international trade, also known as world trade or overseas trade, is the fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries.P1733 Balance of trade indicates the balance between the export value and the import value in a given period.P20（卷四）34.Incoterms is abbreviation for International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则P21（卷二）35. A packing list is a document made out by the seller stating the detailed content of each individual shipment.P33 (卷三）IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.31.positional bargaining is based on fixed, opposing viewpoints and tends to result in compromise or no agreement at all 立场型谈判P46（卷一）32 Contract P65 A contract is an agreement that creates an obligation, which is a binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or more competent parties.33.offer with engagement P61 is the kind of offer, in which the offeror's intention of making a contract is definitely indicated, and under which the offeror cannot revoke or amend what he has offered during the validity of the offer.IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.FOB--- free on board (d port of shipment)CIF---P83 cost, insurance and freight (d port of destination) 成本加保险费加运费（指定目的港）CIP--- P89 carriage and insurance paid to (d place of destination)运费，保险费付至IV. Make brief explanations of the following terms or give the full name of the abbreviation in English.customs duties P112 are taxes imposed by a government on the import or export of products or services, whose cost factors must be taken into account by the exporter when he prices his products.（卷一）marginal cost P115 is the variable costs per unit of the production 边际成本，是增加一单位（output) 随即而产生的成本增加，其等于总成本的变化量除以对应产量的变化量。
国际商务英语总复习资料.docx
国际商务英语总复习资料.docxInternational Business EnglishLesson 1International BusinessBusiness Knowledge:The major differences between international business and domestic businessA.Differences in legal systemsB.Differences in currenciesC.Differences in cultural backgroundD.Different in natural and economic conditionsThe major types of international businessA.Trade/doc/1bccd8dc6729647d27284b73f242336c1fb9304c.html modity tradeb.Service tradeB.In vestmenta.Foreign direct investmentb.Portfolio investmentC.Other typesa.Licensing and franchisingb.Management contract and contract manufacturingc.Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1.Customs area 关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visible trade 有形贸易:The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goodsproduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4.Invisible trade ⽆形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance,consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI ⼣⼘国直接投资:Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises orassets invested in a host country? / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign countiy forthe purpose of controlling and managing （hem.6.Portfolio investment 证券投资：Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other thancontrolling ?7.Stocks 股票：Capital stocks or bonds.& Bonds 债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity （票据等）到期10.Certificate of deposit ⼈额存单11.Licensing 许可经营：In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firmin another country? They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.12.Franchising 特许经营：Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty?13.Trade Mark 商标14.Patent 专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使⽤费,版税16.Copyright 版权17.Licenser 许可⽅18.Licensee被许可⽅19.Franchiser 特许⽅：A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos andoperating techniques for royalty?20.Franchisee 被特许⽅：A firm is allowed to operate in the name of anothe⼕21.Management contract 管理合同：Under a management contract, one company offers managerialor other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume?22.Value chain 价值链23.Turnkey project "交钥匙”⼯程：For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contractwith a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before han ding it over to the latter upon completion ?p4. [B OT建设、经营和移交:Build, Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖⾦、津贴27.Royalty许可使⽤费2& International investment 国际投资：Supplying capital by residents of one county to another.29.Contract manufacturing 承包⽣产30.GATT 关贸总协定：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31 ?International business 国际商务：Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export?32.Intellectual property 知识产权33.Oil deposit:⽯油储备=oil reserves34.the reserves of natural resources ⾃然资源储备35.Personal advancement个⼈的晋升，个⼈素质的提⾼以及个⼈事业的进步等。
《国际商务英语》重点复习资料23页word文档
《国际商务英语》复习资料Lesson 1♦In compliance with: in conformity to♦For short: in abbreviation♦Portfolio (n.): securities♦Franchise (vt.): authorize the privilege to sb.♦Lease (vt. / n.): rent ~ sth. to sb.house ~, long-term ~♦Royalty (n.): a share in the profit made from intellectual property♦Advisable (adj.): proper, good, wise-- It’s not ~ to make him angry.♦Access to sth.: the right to use sth.have / gain ~ to sth.-- Only staffs have access to the backstage.♦Participate (vi.): attend, take part in~ in some activity♦Flat (adj.): fixed~ rate♦Bonus (n.): additional payment 补助，津贴，分红，奖金♦Expertise (n.): expert advice, profession skills♦Give rise to: cause♦Cost plus: additional fee to the cost♦Variant (n. / adj.): changed factor, differentLesson 2♦Assess (vt.): estimate the value♦Clue (n.): tip to find out the solution♦dividend (n.): share, surplus, bonus♦distort (vt.): twist♦parity (n.): equation♦tap (vt.): develop♦bear sth. in mind: keep thinking of sth.♦haven (n.): safe place, harbor♦populous (adj.): having a large population♦diversify (vt.): make sth. various♦spur (vt.): stimulate♦complementary (adj.): forming as a whole♦suffice (vi.): be able-- The food can suffice till next week.♦proximity (n.): closeness~ to sth.♦observations (n.): result, opinions from observingLesson 3●Witness (vt. / n.): testify 见证，目击●Liberal + ize (vt.): make sth. free 自由化●Fall under: be classified as 归类为●Detour (n.): a temporary route instead of main route 绕路，迂回●Adoption (n.): accepting 采用，采纳●Erode (vt.): wear away 腐蚀●Autonomy (n.): self-governing 自治⏹Autonomous region●sovereign state: independent country 主权国家●political entity: 政治实体●set the stage for: provide basis for 为。
商务英语复习资料.docx
Unit One Company ProfilesPart I Words and Expressions外资企业foreign enterprise合资企业joint venture合作企业cooperative enterprise龙头企业 a locomotive国有企业state-owned enterprise私营企业privately-owned enterprise荣誉企业honorable enterprise优质企业qualified enterprisei级企业class A enterprise跨国公司multinational company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary company总公司head office分公司branch office代表处representative offices上市公司listed company私人股份有限公司private limited company拳头产品core product环保型产品environment-friendly product专业生产经营specialize in, en gage in, handle a range of business in eluding...占地面积cover an area of...年产量with an annual output具有自营进出口权being entitled to self-import and self-export rights奉行坚持•.原则；以••宗旨，在…方针指导下abide by the principles of •••, adhere to the aims of・・・，based on the motto of thecompany产品销往products have been distributed to获得奖项rank the titles•通过ISO9000质杲认证be granted the Certificate.of IS09000 International Quality System1)The amount of money a company receives from sales in a particular period is called itsturnover,2)The money a company makes after taking away its costs is its profit.3)A company which is more than 50% owned by a parent company called a subsidiary・4)The employees in a particular country or business are called the workforce.5)The percentage of sales a company has in a particular market is its mart© share.6)The main building or location of a large organization is its head office.7)The cost of a company's shares is its share price.Part II Something you may talk about when describing a company1)When it was started2)the company's line of business3 ) its products 4) Its sales figures5) the total number of employees 6)its headquarters7) Whether it does business overseas ・8) Where its plants are located (a manufacturing company). 9) How many branches or retail outlets it has (a retail organization).10) Whether it sells business-to-business, or whether it's a retail organization selling to consumers ・ Example:A: Could you tell us something about your company?B: Our company, established in 197& has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances inour countiy.A. Where are your headquarters/ head office ? / Where is the company based? B: Our head office is in Hong Kong ・A: What are your main products?/ What line of business are you in? B: Our company makes/ manufactures/ turns out kitchen appliances ・ A: What about the size of your company?B: We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent representative offices abroad ・ We've also setup more than 20 joint ventures in the home market.A: That's unbelievable ・ Then how many employees work in your company? B: The total number of employees is around 3,500. A: What are the company's annual turnover? B: Total sales last year were around $600,500,000.Part III Match the sectors to the examples of products or services they offer.Unit 2 Product PresentationPart I1・ Definition: What is a presentation?Reference answer: A presentation, in the broadest sense, is every encounter you have with every person you ever meet. It's when you sit squirming in an interviewees chair trying to be eloquent when you are asked why you left your last job. More specifically, however, when we talk about the business presentation, it could mean1. chemicals2. construction3. finance4. IT5. media6. pharmaceuticals7. retailing& telecommunications 9. transport10. vehicle manufacturingA. computer programmingB. supermarkets C ・ plastics D. cancer drugs E. bridges F. credit cards G. air services H. trucksI. women' s magazines J. telephone serviceswhenever you are asked to appear in front of one or more people for the purpose of explaining, educating, convincing, or otherwise conveying information to them, you have a presentation・2.Presentation Tips3 Basic Presentation Structure1) Introduction (——Topic i——s Outline i——s Part 1(——Part 2 (——Part 3/4 eic. i——sSummary (——s Conclusion (——％ Inviting questionsPart II Language focus and vocabularya)Introduction:Good morning. My name's ... Pm the marketing managerGood aftemoon. Pm Peter Johnson, I represent the ABC CorporationLadies and Gentlemen, it^s an honor to have the opportunity to ・•・.Welcome to our company. I know Fve met some of you, but just for the benefit of those I have if t, my name's ・・・b)TopicFd like to talk to you about...I'm going to present the recent development of •…The subject of my talk is・・・The focus of my presentation is ...c)Outline / main partsFve divided my presentation into four parts. They are...PH be dealing with three areas・The subject can be looked at under the following headings・・・We can break this area down into the following fields: firstly... secondly ・・・ thirdly ・・・ finally... d) SummaryPH briefly summarize the main issues ・ To sum up..・ In brief...・ e) ConclusionAs you can see, there are some very good reasons... I'd like to leave you with the following idea. In conclusion..・ f) Inviting questionsFd be glad to try and answer any questions.And now, if there are any questions, I'll be happy to answer them. If you have any questions I'll try to answer them.The structure of the oral presentation is crucial for one main reason: once you have articulated a statement, the audience cannot "rehear" yvhat you have said. In reading, when you do not understand a sentence or paragraph, you can stop and reread the passage as many times as necessary. When you are speaking, however; the audience must be able to follow your meaning and understand it without having to stop and consider a particular point you have made, thereby missing later statements that you make as you move through your presentation. To help your audience follow what you say easily, you must design your presentation with your audience, particularly their listening limitations, in mind. 承蒙盛情邀请 at the gracious invitation of 年会 annual meeting商界的朋友们 friends from the business community 营销报告会 marketing presentation销售代农 sales representative 销售记录 sales record 顾客满意度 customers^ satisfaction 生产商 manufacUim批发商 mcrcharH wholesaler佣金商 commission agent经销渠道 distribution channel 战略营销 strategic marketing潜在的风险和机遇 potential threats and opportunities 销售业绩 sales performancePresentations are comiTiunicating with an audience in a format in which one or more senders present a sef of infonnalion io one or more receivers. This sounds like a very broad definition and a little confusing, but presentations have evolved to be very complicated in today's world ・ You may be called on to present using no equipment, or you may have a whiteboard, slide projector, overhead projector, or beam project available ・ It is becoming more common now to have a virtual presentation over the Internet using some software that allows display of your presentation through a presentation or meeting client or standard browser window. In almost all cases, though, foirnal presentations follow the IrHnx Message and Summary formal. In each of the cases above, your presentation of the presentation materials will take a different amount of time and require different skills. If you are making a live presentation to a large crowd, you should prepare well organized维持升l 幅 to sustain an increase 保持不变 to remain constant/stable 止值…之际 onlhe occasion of到达最高点to reach a peak 降到最低点 to bottom out/level out 代表 on the behalf of 零售商retailer服务代理商 facilitating agent 营销冃标 marketing objective H 标山场 target market 可控因素 controllablecomponentsmaterials with strong graphics and sharpen your public speaking skills.Many people say the future of presentation technology will involve beam projectors and the Intemet. Beam projectors used to be extremely expensive, but prices have come down sharply in recent years to the point that they are now affordable for even small companies. The Internet is becoming a more and more popular place for people to present ideas in a structured format. The development of technologies for higher quality transmission of audio and video will make the future of Internet presentations a richer experience・Part III Follow-up practice1T ry to explain the following words and phrases in English and make sentences2Fill in the blanks with the words and phrases.1)The computer company was forced to reduce prices to keep its _______________ ・2)The ______________ tor a product is affected by its price・3)Please give me a ___________ of those income tax totals by age groups・4)We will _____ our campaign at young ho me-buyers ・5)As I was in haste to leave for a meeting yesterday, I just _______________ this list of figures and dicing notice it.6)____________ we found out what really happened to our last delivery.7)The launch date for this new product is the first of May 2006 and will then __________________ t oour main retail outlets・8)Mr Brown ___________________ to set up a branch in London.9)Please fill in the form ______________ and post it to us.10)If you have fountain pens ________ , please send us some samples.11)They referred to your service ____________ h igh praise.12)We have changed our packaging to appeal to all age groups in order to obtain maximum13)These items ______ at £5.99.14)The closing of the old store _______________ with the opening of the new shopping plaza.15)The agricultural ________ in western nations is highly subsidized・Key: 1) market share 2) market demand 3) breakdown 4) target 5) ran through 6) at long last 7) be distributed 8) was commissioned 9) at your leisure 10) in stock 11) in terms of 12) market penetration 13) retail 14) synchronized 15) sectorPart IV Translation1.This model of typewriter is efficient and endurable, economical and practical for middle schoolstudents.这款打字机工作效率高，经久耐用，并用又经济实用，非常适合中学生使用。
《国际商务英语》重点复习资料
祝您学业、事业成功！《国际商务英语》复习资料Lesson 1♦In compliance with: in conformity to♦For short: in abbreviation♦Portfolio (n.): securities♦Franchise (vt.): authorize the privilege to sb.♦Lease (vt. / n.): rent ~ sth. to sb.house ~, long-term ~♦Royalty (n.): a share in the profit made from intellectual property♦Advisable (adj.): proper, good, wise-- It’s not ~ to make him angry.♦Access to sth.: the right to use sth.have / gain ~ to sth.-- Only staffs have access to the backstage.♦Participate (vi.): attend, take part in~ in some activity♦Flat (adj.): fixed~ rate♦Bonus (n.): additional payment 补助，津贴，分红，奖金♦Expertise (n.): expert advice, profession skills♦Give rise to: cause♦Cost plus: additional fee to the cost♦Variant (n. / adj.): changed factor, differentLesson 2♦Assess (vt.): estimate the value♦Clue (n.): tip to find out the solution♦dividend (n.): share, surplus, bonus♦distort (vt.): twist♦parity (n.): equation♦tap (vt.): develop♦bear sth. in mind: keep thinking of sth.♦haven (n.): safe place, harbor♦populous (adj.): having a large population♦diversify (vt.): make sth. various♦spur (vt.): stimulate♦complementary (adj.): forming as a whole♦suffice (vi.): be able-- The food can suffice till next week.♦proximity (n.): closeness~ to sth.♦observations (n.): result, opinions from observingLesson 3●Witness (vt. / n.): testify 见证，目击●Liberal + ize (vt.): make sth. free 自由化●Fall under: be classified as 归类为●Detour (n.): a temporary route instead of main route 绕路，迂回●Adoption (n.): accepting 采用，采纳●Erode (vt.): wear away 腐蚀●Autonomy (n.): self-governing 自治⏹Autonomous region●sovereign state: independent country 主权国家●political entity: 政治实体●set the stage for: provide basis for 为。
商务英语国际商务期末复习资料
商务英语国际商务期末复习资料简答1. The Globalization of ProductionThe globalization of production refers to the tendency among firms to source goods and services from locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (such as labor, energy, land, and capital).By doing so, companies hope to lower their overall cost structure and/or improve the quality or functionality of their product offering,thereby allowing them to compete more effectively.2. The differences between common law and civil law?Common law is based on tradition, precedent, and custom.(1) A common law system is more flexible that other systems.(2) Judges in a common law system have the power to interpret the law so that it applies to the unique circumstances of an individual case.(3) Each new interpretation sets a precedent that may be followed in future cases.(4) As new precedents arise, laws may be altered, clarified, or amended to deal with new situations.Civil Law is based on a detailed set of laws organized into codes. (1) When law courts interpret civil law, they regard to these codes.EX. Germany, France, Japan, and Russia(2) A civil law system tends to be less adversarial than a common lawsystem(3) The judges rely upon detailed legal codes rather than interpreting tradition, precedent, and custom. Judges under a civil law system have the power only to apply the law.3. How corruption effect economy?(1) High levels of corruption significantly reduce the FDI, level of international trade, and economic growth rate in a country.(2) By siphoning off profits, corrupt politicians and bureaucrats reduce the returns to business investment and, hence, reduce the incentive of both domestic and foreign businesses to invest in that country.(3) The lower level of investment that results hurts economic growth.4. Why we need to protect intellectual property?The philosophy behind intellectual property laws is to reward the originator of a new invention, book, musical record, clothes design, restaurant chain, and the like, for his or her idea and effort. Such laws stimulate innovation and creative work. They provide an incentive for people to search for novel ways of doing things, and they reward creativity.。
自考国际商务英语复习资料
lesson 1 International Business1.International business国际贸易Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.2.Visible trade有形贸易The form of commodity trade. i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.3.Invisible trade无形贸易The form of service trade. i.e. transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc.4.Franchise特许An arrangement by which an monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in a certain area.Franchising特许经营A special form of licensing. A firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logo, and operating techniques for royalty.5.Licensor 给予许可的人A person or a company granting a licenceLicensing许可经营/国际许可A firm lease the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such as trademarks, brand names, patents, copyright or technology.6.Non-tariff barrier非关税壁垒and quotas, etc.7.Portfolio证券The entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.8.Turnkey contract交钥匙工程use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.9.Contract manufacturing承包生产11. Major differences between international business and domestic business.Ans: Differences in (1) legal system (2) currencies(3) cultural background:language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.(4) natural and economic conditions12. Major types of international businessAns: (1) trade : A. commodity trade B. service trade(2) Investment :(difference)A. foreign direct investment (FDI外国直接投资）(is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.)B. portfolio investment 证券投资(refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.)(3)other types: A. licensing & franchising(in comparison with the relation between the licenser and licensee, franchiserhas more control over and provide more support for the franchisee.)B. management contract &contract manufacturingC. turnkey project & BOT(making profit from operating the project for a period )13. Why do firms choose licensing as a means of entering a foreign market?Ans:(1)do not have to make cash payments to start business ;(2)receive income in the form of royalty;(3) benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.14. Under what condition is management contract most applicable?Ans: When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation. A foreign companyto operate in the industry without owning the assets.Lesson 2 Income Level and the World Market1. PPP购买力平价--purchasing power parityPurchasing power购买力of persons, the public, having the money to buy goods and services.2.Recipient接受者a person or an organization etc. that receives something.3. Infrastructure基础设施large-scale public services, such as water and power supplies, road, rail and radio communications, etc. Needed to support economic activity, esp.industry, trade and commerce.4. GNP---refer to the market value of goods and services produced by the property andlabor owned by the resident of an economy.（国民生产总值）(focuses on ownership of the factors of production)GDP---refer to the market value of all goods and services produced within thegeographic area of an economy.（国内生产总值）(concentrates on the place where production take place)5. Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into 3 categories:(1) high-income countries (per capita income of $9,386 and above):A. OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)B. Rich oil producing countries of the Middle East (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia &Arab Emirates)C. Small-industrialized countries or regions (Israel, Singapore, HK and Taiwan)(2) middle-income countries (per capita income bellow $9,386 but above $765 )A. 6 OECD members ( Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico and Turkey )B. -a. Some Latin American countries-b. Some Asia countries (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand)-c. Some South African and oil-producing countries (Libya, Nigeria, Algeria)(3) low-income countries (per capita incomes of only $765 or even less)Include: most African countries, some Asia countries and a few Latin American countries.6. High-income countries often have :(1)good infrastructure (2)high purchasing power (3)advanced technology(4)efficient management(5)favorable environment for trade and investmentA. Offer prime markets for expensive consumer goodsB. Are both attractive sources and destinations of investment7. Low-income countries should not be neglected in international business activities:(1) lower-priced staple goods (2) cheap labor(3) are often rich in resources (4)market is something to be developed8. In what way, GDP&per capita income significant in assessing（评估）the potential of a particular market:(1)GDP is important in market assessment for durable equipment耐用设备or bulk goods大宗货物, such as grain谷物, steel, or cement水泥. (indicates the overall size of an economy）(2)Per capita income is important when marketing consumer durables.(reveals the average income level of consumers)9. China with a per capita income of over $1,100 is a middle-income countriesthough is was a low income countries just a few years ago.10. The best policy for China to develop business opportunities iswherever advantageous while keeping in mind the key markets.11. Triad ---refers to the 3 richest region of the world ( the United States, the EU and Japan).Quad ---extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadenedgrouping Quad.12.OECD (the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)经济合作发展组织headquarters in Paris, established in 1963, have 29members (23members are high-income countries & 6 middle-income countries).Lesson 3 Regional Economic Intergration1.Major objective of regional integrationTo better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, countries have signed various agreement to liberalize trade among themselves while putting up barriers to2.The characteristics of a common market(1)Free trade area自由贸易区members of a free trade removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.(different members may have different tariff rates or quota restrictions.)The most notable(largest market)free trade area is NAFTA (the North American Free Trade Agreement), formed by the United Stated, Canada, Mexico in 1991.(2)Customs union 关税同盟by adopting（采取）the same trade policy for all members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing（废除）trade barriers among themselves.(It's impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour（以迂回方式）as they possibly do in the case of trade with a free trade area.) (3)Common market共同市场the European Community remained a common market for some years in the pastA. Free movement of goods and servicesB. Adoption of common external trade policyC. Free movement of the factor of production(such as labor, capital, and technology)It's hard to say individual members will always benefit, still less to expect them to enjoy the advantage of factor mobility to the same degree.(4)Economic union 经济同盟A.of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy, finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and free production factor mobility.(not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies,etc.but also use the same currency.)B. the member countries are require to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is eroding the tradition of the world political system based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.3.The development of EU(the European Union)欧盟:1952---ECSC (the European Coal and Steel Community)1957---EEC (the European Economic Community)---Treaty of Rome signedharmonization of economic policies of the member countries.1967---EC (the European community)--became a ture common market as evisaged by the Single European Actformed by emrging EEC, ECSC and EURATOM(the European Atomic Energy Community)1994---EU--the strength of the Maastricht Treaty---12members(6signatories of the Treaty of Rome :France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg+1973. Britain, Island and Denmark + 1981. Greece + 1986.Spain and Portugal)1995---15members (+Austria, Finland and Sweden)1999---use the common European currency for accounting and settlement2002---euro banknotes and coin were put into circulation.4.The EU is a full-fledged(齐全的) entity.---composed of 20commissioners overseeing 23departments in charge of different affairs.---the commissioners appointed by member governments, but the commissioners are responsible to the Union instead of their home country.(1)The Council of Ministers is the most powerful institution.A. has the final say on all important mattersB. has the power to pass legislationC. decision are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size.D. different ministers attend the council meetings depending on the matters discussed.(2)The European Parliament is an advisory body with limited power.B. believed that will be more powerful in the future.5.APEC(the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) 亚太经合组织set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in Australian capital Canberra. 1991,attended by 12members.(1) 21members:all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.(2) has a five-layer organization structureA. the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders---held annuallyB. the Dual-Ministerial Meeting ---attended by foreign ministers and ministers in chargeof foreign trade (excluding Chinese Taipei and HK)C.the Meeting for Ministers Responsible for TradeD.the Senior Officials Meetings(SOM)--attended by vice ministers, departmental directors orambassadors to implement(执行) decisions by economicleaders and ministerial meeting.E.four subordinate committees under SOMmittee of Trade and Investmentb.Economic Committeec.Economic and Technical Cooperation Subcommittee of SOMd.Budget Management Committee(3)the tenet and objectives---（by the Seoul Declaration）" inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system and reduction of regional trade barriers."(4)"the two wheels of APEC"(APEC co-operation concentrates on)A. trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF)B. economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH)6.OPEC（the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)欧佩克--the most influential commodity cartel（account for 40%of the global oil production）(1)composed of 13members established in 1960 with headquarters at Vienna.(2)tried to limit the overall crude oil supply(原油供应)of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices.Lesson 4 Economic Globalization1.Economic Globalization经济全球化as a objective trend(1)The basic feature : free flow of commodity, capital, technology, service,and information in the context for optimized allocation优化配置Major role:动力and providing opportunities to world economic development.B. Making the various economies more and more interdependent相互依赖and interactive相互影响.(2)The pros and cons: different countries and peoples do not enjoy balanced benefitsB. makes them more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.the best policy for us is to follow the trend closely, availing利用the opportunities it offer todevelop ourselves and avoiding its possible impacts.2. Multinational enterprise (MNE)跨国企业A business organization which owns (whether wholly or partly), controls and manages assets, often including productive resources, in more that one country, through its member companies incorporated 有限公司separately in each of these countries.Each member company is known as a multinational corporation(MNC)跨国公司.through another of its already established MNC, it is an affiliate MNC.parent MNC, normally also the international headquarters of the MNE.(3)An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to its international headquarters.3.The characteristics of MNE(1)enormous size(2)wide geographical spread (play an important role and why?)A. have a wide range of option in terms of decisions in areasB.take advantage of changes in the international economic environmentC.engage in worldwide integrated production and market giving rise to extensive intra-MNE transactionsBcs: in order to the security of its profits, assets, organization and operations.(3) longevity and rapid growthmonly objective of MNE（needs, goals, and roles）(1) profit---the profits goal represents the basic needs of the MNEs' shareholders(2) securityA.the security in the short-and-long-runB.the security of the MNE's assets and investmentC.the security of other organizational needsb. supplies of raw materials and other resource inputsc. effective organizational control and managementd. transportation and communicatione. technical improvementsf. employees including managers5. The relationship between MNEs &their host countriesHost government can and do wield power over MNCs located within their territories. MNCs are laws on the MNCs to the extent of nationalizing all their assets.6. 4 types of MNCs---according to their organization and way of operation(1)multi-domestic corporation---i s a group of relatively independent subsidiaries.(2)the global corporations---veconomies of scale as much as possible.(3)the transnational corporation--aim to achieve both efficiency and flexibility, the activities and(4)world company---as their national identities are blurred to a large extent.When such companies increasing and become dominating, the possibility of conflicts among sovereign states may be greatly reduced. Possibly they will be instrumental to the realization of complete globalization.Lesson 5 --6 International Trade1.International trade国际贸易Is defined as the exchange of goods and service produced in one country with those produced in another.2.Other reasons for international trade:(1)the uneven distribution of natural resources among countries(2)International specialization国际生产专门化A.absolute advantage绝对利益/绝对优势(理论)---holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources(capital, land, and labor.)---In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity.parative advantage比较优势(理论)---holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodity, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.---it can make one country better off好转without making another worse off恶化.The first country should specialize in the production, and export of the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is smaller, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater.a.introduced by the English economist David Ricardo.b.not a static静止的concept.(a)Switzerland--watchmaking (b)the United States--the most up-to-date technology.c.the cornerstone基石of modern thinking on international trade.3.Primary commodities初级货物those commodities not processed, not only slightly processed, usually farm produce or raw material.3. Other bases for trade among countries(1)patterns of demand(2)economy of scale(i.e. The cost advantage of large-scale production)The cost for the production will decrease if the goods are produced on a larger scale.4.The theory of international specialization and other bases for trade seeks to answer the question:Which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.5.The reasons for complete specialization may never occur(1)for strategic or domestic reasons.a country may continue to produce goods for which does not have an advantage.(2)affected by transport cost.( the cost of transport reduces the benefit of trade,like bulky or perishable goods)(3)protectionist measures which are often taken by governments.6.Tariff barriers关税壁垒---are the most common form of trade restriction.7.Tariff关税---is a tax levied on a commodity when it crosses the boundary of a customs area.8.customs area关税区---usually coincides with the area of a country.9.customs union关税同盟---is a customs area extending beyond national boundaries to include two10.Import duties进口税--are tariffs levied on goods entering an area.(more common) (1)specific duty--duties levied on the basis of quantity, weight, size etc. of the goods.(2)ad valorem duty--duties levied on the basis of the price of the goods.(3)compound duty--the combination of specific duty&ad valorem duty.11.Export duties出口税--are tariffs levied on goods leaving an area.12.drawback退税refers to duties paid on imported goods that are refunded if the goods are reexported.13.MFN(the most-favoured-nation)treatment最惠国待遇to extend to all signatories any tariff concessions granted to any participating country.It is not really special but is just normal trading status. It gives a country the lowest tariffs only within the tariff's schedule, is still possible to have lower tariffs.14.Quotas配额or quantitative restrictions数量限制the most common form of non-tariff barriers.The limits may be in quantity or value terms, and quotas may be on a country basis or global, without reference to countries.15.Visible trade--involves the import and export of goods.16.Invisible trade--involves the exchange of services between countries.运输服务(2)insurance保险(Lloyd's of London is a leading exporter of this service)(3)tourism旅游(4)immigrant remittance移民汇款---refers to the money sent back to home countries by peopleLesson 7 Incoterms 2000《2000通则》1.The necessity and purpose of having Incoterms(1)eliminate any possibility of misunderstanding and subsequent dispute.(2)to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade.2. The revision of Incoterms took account of changes in transportation techniques.3. The 1990 revision of Incoterms was the desire to adapt terms to the increasing use of electronic data interchange(EDI).It is of vital importance, when using EDI messages, to ensure that the buyer has the same legal position as he would have obtained if he had received a bill of lading from the seller.4. The reasons for the 2000 revision of Incoterms(1)the spread of customs-free zones(2)changes in transportation practices(3)increasing use of electronic communication5.Incoterms 2000E terms---the seller makes the goods available to the buyer at the seller's own premises.(1)EXW---Ex work工厂交货F terms---the seller is called upon to deliver the goods to a carrier appointed by the buyer.(2)FCA---Free Carrier货交承运人(3)FAS---Free Alongside Ship装运港船边交货(4)FOB---Free On Board装运港船上交货C terms--the seller has to contract for carriage, but without assuming the risk of loss of or damage to the goods or additional costs due to events occurring after shipment and dispatch.(5)CFR---Cost and Freight成本加运费(6)CIF--- Cost, Insurance and Freight成本、保险加运费(7)CPT---Cost Paid To 运费付至(8)CIP---Carriage and Insurance Paid To运费、保险费付至D terms---the seller has bear all costs and risk needed to bring the goods to the country of destination.(9)DAF---Delivered At Frontier边境交货(10)DES---Delivered Ex Ship目的港船上交货(11)DEQ---Delivered Ex Quay目的港码头交货(12)DDU---Delivered Duty Unpaid未完税交货(13)DDP---Delivered Duty Paid完税后交货6.The substantive实质性的changes made with Incoterms 2000:(1)the customs clearance and payment of duty obligations under FAS and DEQ.(2)the loading and unloading obligation under FCA.Lesson 8 Business Contract1.Contract合同is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties.It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation, though most contract do not give rise to disputes.2.Business negotiation交易磋商: A legitimate contract can be either in written or oral form.(1)Oral---refers to direct discussion conducted:A.at trade affairsB.by sending trade groups abroadC.by inviting foreign customers(2)WrittenA. Enquiry询盘---is made without engagement on the part of the enquirer.a. made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity,specifications, prices, time of shipment and other terms.b. a first enquiry should be given, so as to facilitate the exporter's work:(a)how the name& address of the exporter have been obtained,(b)the business line and usual practice of the importer.B. Quotation报价---may be sent by the exporter which should include all the necessary information required by the enquiry. Sometimes, the exporter may make an offer to an importer voluntarily.C.Offer and acceptance发盘与接受a firm offer---is a promise to sell goods at a stated price.The validity period is indispensable必不可少的.is open untill a stipulated time or it's accepted or rejected.made of :a. the time of shipmentb.the mode of payment desiredc.an exact description of the goods: quantity, quality, specifications, packing etc.D.Counter-offer还盘---is a refusal of the offer, the offeree may find part of the offer unacceptable and may raise for further discussions his own proposals. (the price, terms of payment, time of shipment, or other terms and conditions of the offer.)Trade is considered concluded once an offer or a counter-offer is accepted.3.The necessity of the written contractis prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution.4.The types of contracts(1)sales contract--the contract is made by the seller(2)purchase contract--the contract is made by the buyer(3)sales/purchase confirmation--is less detailed than a contact, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. Usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners.5. The setting of a contract(1)the title(2)the contract proper合同正文&address of the buyer and the sellerB.details of the commodity transactionC.terms and conditions mutually agreedD. Indication of the number of original copies, languages used, and the validity.(3)The signatures of the contracting parties(4)the stipulations规定on the back of the contractA.the shipping documents requiredB.force majeureC.arbitration仲裁D.claims理赔Lesson 9 Modes of Trade1.counter trade对销贸易--is a peculiar form of transaction allegedly popular in less developed countries and in centrally planned economies.It has become the generic term of describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller's exports to imports from the buyer.original:the pre-World War Ⅱ years the Reichsbank agreed to establish a clearing system that permitted traditional trade flows between Germany and the Balkans to continue.development:during the World War ⅡBritain use bilateral arrangements, West Europe setting up the European Payment Union. Subsequently,the countries of centrally planned economies(like Finland)trade credit accounts between familiar trading partners exchanged unrelated goods.In the 1970s and 1980s, counter trade partner are not necessarily familiar partner and goods exchanged are sometimes vertically related.2.The 3forms of counter trade(1)Barter易货贸易The direct exchange of goods and services which is completed in a short period of time.(2)Counter purchase互购贸易An intertemporal不同时的direct exchange of goods and services. Usually stipulated to be fulfilled within a given period of time.(3)Buyback回购贸易/补偿贸易An arrangement by an exporter or plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output product by these goods as full or partial payment.3.The 2difference between counter purchase and buyback(1)in buyback the goods and services taken back are tied to the original goods exported but not in counter purchase.(2)a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than counter purchase.4.The features common to the 3forms of counter trade is bundling互相捆绑.Bundling--means the exchanges of goods and services are bundled together.同时地or intertemporally不同时地)Unbundling greatly facilitates transaction and allow more efficient economic exchanges.5.The 5advantages in counter trade:(1)helps a country to deal with foreign exchange shortages;(2)promote exports;(3)reduce uncertainty regarding export receipts;(4)bypass an international price agreement(5)helps countries with debt problems to import goods.6.The drawbacks of counter trade:(1)concealing the real prices and costs of transactions .(2)company may suffer losses bcz they could not get rid of products of poor quality.(3)be considered as a form of protectionism.7.Other modes of trade:(1)processing trade加工贸易(2)consignment寄售(3)leasing trade租赁贸易(4)agency代理Lesson 10 International Payment1.Mutual trust is hard to build. purchase and sale of goods and service are carried out beyond national boundaries, which makes it rather difficult for the parities concerned in the transaction to get adequate information about each other's financial standing and creditworthiness.2.The complexity of payment in international trade(1)Risks faced by the exporter(buyer/importer default) :A.the buyer fail to pay in full for the goods.B.the buyer go bankrupt.C.the buyer's government ban trade with the exporting country or import of certain commodities.D.the buyer run into difficulties getting the foreign exchange to pay for the goods.E.the buyer isn't reliable and simply refuses to pay the agreed amount on various excuses.the shipment delayed and might receive the goods long after paymentA.problems in productionB.transportationC.wrong goods be sent(3)political risks ( war, quotas, foreign exchange control)(4)commercial risks(market change and exchange rate fluctuations)(5)other risks (geographical factors, language barriers)3.The 2methods of payment used under certain conditions(1)cash in advance or partial cash in advance预付或部分预付现金A.the political and economic situation in the importing country makes payment uncertain.B.the buyer's credit standing is dubious(2)open account往来账户/记帐交易if the seller and the buyer know each other well.4.consignment transactions寄售---the exporter has to send his goods abroad and will not get payment until the goods are sold.Only be made with full understanding of the risks involved and is preferable to be limited to stable countries where the exporter has a trusted agent to look after his interest.5.draft汇票---referred to as the bill of exchange, is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the future.（1）Including the following parties:A. Drawer出票人--the person who draws the draft,usually the exporter.B. Drawee受票人/付款人--the person to whom the draft is drawn.C. Payee受款人--the person receiving the payment. who and generally but not necessarily the same person, as the drawer can instruct the drawee either to pay "in the order of ourselves"or to the order of someone else, for instance, the bank.(2)4types of draftA.sight/tenor draft即/限期汇票calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.B. usance/term draft远期汇票is payable at a latter date. **days after sight or date.C. clean draft光票(without documents.)D. documentary draft跟单汇票is accompanied by the relevant documents such as the bill of lading, the invoice, the insurance policy etc.。
国际商务英语复习资料
国际商务英语复习资料国际商务英语是指在全球范围内从事商业交易时所必须使用的英语。
随着全球化的发展，商务交流的范围和频率不断增加，因此学习国际商务英语就显得尤为重要。
以下是一些国际商务英语的复习资料。
一、商务英语词汇商务英语中常用的词汇包括：合同、报价、采购、销售、运输、保险、货款、退税、仓储、质检、市场调研、营销策划等。
其中，一些重要的词汇需要掌握其中英文对照，如：报价-quotation，采购-procurement，销售-sale，运输-transportation，保险-insurance，货款-payment，退税-tax refund，质检-quality inspection，市场调研-market research，营销策划-marketing plan。
熟练掌握这些词汇可以帮助我们更清楚地理解商务文档中的内容。
二、商务信函写作商务信函是国际商务交流中必不可少的形式。
良好的商务信函不仅可以传达准确的信息，还可以展示企业的专业形象。
商务信函主要分为询价信、报价信、订货信、发货信、付款信、索赔信等。
对于不同类型的信函，其结构和语言表达也应该有所差异。
在写商务信函时，需要注意语言表达清晰、客观、礼貌、得体。
同时，需要把握好信函的结构，包括称呼、主体、结尾等部分，以达到有效传达信息的目的。
三、商务会谈口语商务会谈是国际商务交流中最为常见的形式。
在商务会谈中，除了需要准确的英语表达外，还需要注意交际礼仪等细节。
商务会谈中需要掌握的词汇包括：问候、自我介绍、说明会谈目的、提出问题、回答问题、提出合作方案等。
此外，对于商务会谈中可能出现的文化差异和语言障碍，需要提前做好准备。
四、商务演示文稿商务演示文稿是国际商务交流中展示企业形象和推销产品的重要形式。
在商务演示文稿中，需要掌握一些重要的表达方式和技巧，如重点突出、逻辑清晰、简明扼要、举例说明等。
此外，还需要注意语言表达和PPT设计的美学效果，以营造出具有吸引力的演示效果。
国际商务英语总复习 .doc
Lesson 1 International Business(1) International business: it refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.(2) Commodity trade: exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another.(3) Licensing: in licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks, brand names, patents, copyrights or technology.(4) Franchising: it can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty.(5) Franchiser: it can be develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services.(6) Management contract: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized servicesto another within a particular period for a flat payment of a percentage of the relevant business volume.(7) International turnkey project: a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete.1. (1) Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The followings are some major differences between the two:1. The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.2. Different countries usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards convertion etc. uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4. Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.(2) Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade?International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption of resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade. Thday, the contribution of service industries of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products and account for an increasing proportion of world trade.(4) Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference?The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.The second kind of investment, portfolio investment, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.(5) Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?Firms choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.(6) How is it different from licensing?In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.(7)Under what condition is a management contract most applicable?When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.(8) In what way is its variant BOT different from it?BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project.5. Translation:（1）国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。
05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料（1）
05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料（1）05844国际商务英语词汇复习资料Unit 1: P7Transaction 交易 customs area 关税区 in compliance with 遵从；遵照conversion 货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale 转售gross domestic product国内生产总值 invisible trade 无形贸易for short 缩写为account for 占…比例headquarters 总部trap 陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资 stocks 股票bonds 债券maturity （票据等）到期，到期日 certificate of deposit 大额存单 licensing许可经营franchising 特许经营trademark 商标advisable 可行的；适当的patent 专利royalty 专利使用费；版税copyright 版税licensor 给予许可的人licensee 接受许可的人franchiser 给予特许的人franchisee 接受特许的人logo 标志；标记management contract 管理合同expertise 专门知识bonus 红利；津贴；奖金flat 一律的，无变动的value chain 价值链contract manufacturing 承包工程 turnkey project “交钥匙”工程BOT（Build，Operate，Transfer）建设、经营、移交stand for 代表；表示variant 变形/体Unit 2: P23potential 潜力clue 线索national income 国民收入GNP 国民生产总值per capita income 人均收入bulk 大量的；大宗的PPP 购买力平价consumerism 消费，消费主义income distribution 收入分布Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作与发展组织infra structure 基础设施Commonwealth of Independent States 独立国家联合体staple goods 大路货tap 开发hemisphere 半球observation（经观察而得到的）看法haven 避风港；安全之地spur 促进；刺激creditor country 债权国proximity 临近ASEAN 东南亚国家联盟Unit 3：P40witness 亲历，见证economic integration 经济一体化liberalize 使自由put up barriers 设置障碍fall under分成几部分free trade area 自由贸易区tariff rates 关税税率NAFTA北美自由贸易协定customs union 关税同盟detour 迂回；绕行common market 共同市场adoption 使用，采用euro 欧元erode 侵蚀；损害autonomy 自治；自主sovereign state 主权国家political entity 政治实体set the stage of 为、、、做准备；促成monumental 重要的，有纪念意义的landmark 地标；里程碑signatory 签字国；签字人settlement 结算banknotes 纸币；钞票circulation货币流通executive body 行政机构，执行机构 European Commission欧盟委员会veto 否决commissioner 委员，特派员，专员council of ministers 部长理事会 empower 授予权力multi-polarization 多极化tenet 原则；宗旨Dual-Ministerial Meeting 双部长会议cartel 卡特尔，联盟OPEC 石油输出国组织Unit4：P57globalization 全球化frequency 频繁，频率interactive 相互作用的element 要素；组成成分；元素 value 价值观acclaim 欢呼；欢迎；喝彩adverse 不利的；反对的controversial 引起争议的instrumental 有作用的internationalization 国际化facilities 设施；设备；工具label 把称为；把归类employ 用；使用assets 资产incorporate 吸收；合并purport 声称；自称headquarters 总部international economic environment 国际经济环境 double digit 两位数字survival 继续生存embark（on）开始；从事gigantic 庞大的；巨大的intervene 干预；干涉technical improvements 技术进步derivation 获得day-to-day running 日常管理decentralize 分散；放下（权利）wield 操控；控制jurisdiction 权利；管理范围vehicle 工具；手段delegate power to…对、、、授权affiliate 分支机构；附属机构mover 原动力，推动力Unit5：P71define 下定义 services 劳务distribution 分布natural resources 自然资源abundant 丰富的scarce缺少，缺乏primary commodities 初级产品incentive 刺激specialization 专业化constitute 构成，形成remainder 剩余的，余数hold 认为in terms of 在…方面 illustrate 说明table 表格，图表assume 假设efficient 有效的，效率高的 occur 发生，产生law 规则，法则even if 即使disadvantage 不利with respect to 关于exploit 利用，开发static 静止的endowment of nature 自然的赋予 up-to-date 现代的，新式的intuitive 直觉的，直观的appeal 吸引力absolute advantage 绝对利益comparative advantage 比较利益。
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International Business EnglishLesson 1International BusinessBusiness Knowledge:The major differences between international business and domestic businessA.Differences in legal systemsB.Differences in currenciesC.Differences in cultural backgroundD.Different in natural and economic conditionsThe major types of international businessA.Trademodity tradeb.Service tradeB.In vestmenta.Foreign direct investmentb.Portfolio investmentC.Other typesa.Licensing and franchisingb.Management contract and contract manufacturingc.Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1.Customs area 关税区:2.Conversion货币兑换3.Visible trade 有形贸易:The form of commodity trade, i.c. exporting and importing goodsproduced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another, (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4.Invisible trade 无形贸易：The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance,consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5.FDI 夕卜国直接投资:Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises orassets invested in a host country・ / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign countiy forthe purpose of controlling and managing （hem.6.Portfolio investment 证券投资：Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other thancontrolling ・7.Stocks 股票：Capital stocks or bonds.& Bonds 债券:The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest.9.Maturity （票据等）到期10.Certificate of deposit 人额存单11.Licensing 许可经营：In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firmin another country・ They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty.12.Franchising 特许经营：Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another,franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty・13.Trade Mark 商标14.Patent 专利15.Royalty专利（许可）使用费,版税16.Copyright 版权17.Licenser 许可方18.Licensee被许可方19.Franchiser 特许方：A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos andoperating techniques for royalty・20.Franchisee 被特许方：A firm is allowed to operate in the name of anothe匚21.Management contract 管理合同：Under a management contract, one company offers managerialor other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume・22.Value chain 价值链23.Turnkey project "交钥匙”工程：For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contractwith a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before han ding it over to the latter upon completion ・p4. [B OT建设、经营和移交:Build, Operate, Transfer25.Expertise专门知识26.Bonus红利、奖金、津贴27.Royalty许可使用费2& International investment 国际投资：Supplying capital by residents of one county to another.29.Contract manufacturing 承包生产30.GATT 关贸总协定：General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31 ・International business 国际商务：Transaction between parties from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export・32.Intellectual property 知识产权33.Oil deposit:石油储备=oil reserves34.the reserves of natural resources 自然资源储备35.Personal advancement个人的晋升，个人素质的提高以及个人事业的进步等。
Answer the following questions:1.What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between internationalbusiness and domestic business.A: International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export・Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:(1)Differences in legal systems(2)Differences in currencies(3)Differences in cultural background(4)Different in natural and economic conditions2.Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becomingmore and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in internationaltrade?A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade・ The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurancc, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries・ Thelater is become more and more important.3.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?A: Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.4.Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their majordifference?A: FDI (Foreign direct investment) is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country・ Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling・ Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit ・5.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as a means of entering a foreign market? A: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or nlanagcment. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.6.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?A: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the namc of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee・7.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume・When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.& What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it? A: For an in tcrnational turnkey project, a firm signs a con tract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey projectTranslate the following sentences into English:1・国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。