悬垂分词

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悬垂分词

分词做状语时,其逻辑主语英语句子中的主语一致。但有时分词的主语与其所在句子中的主语并不一致,拥有这种现象的分词,叫做垂悬分词。

例如

Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.

(这句话听起来好像是那些山从窗户往外看。)

Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran sold ier.

(这句话听起来好像是信件被赞扬。)

Sitting under an apple tree one night, an idea came to Newton.

(这句话听上去好像是某种思想坐在树下。)

关于“悬垂分词”这条语法规则也有例外情况。下面几种情况中的分词(短语),不再认为它们是“悬垂分词”,即句子是正确的。1)有些分词(短语)可用来表示说话人的态度,看问题的角度,或者对所叙述的情况进行解释,它们便成了句子的独立成分,其逻辑主语也就不再是句子的主语。

Strictly speaking, nobody is allowed in here.

严格地讲,谁也不允许在这儿。(speaking的逻辑主语并不是nobody)

Judging from his accent, he must be from the South.

从他的口音判断,他一定是南方人。(这句中不是he在“判断”)

Taken as a whole, there is nothing with the book.

总的来说,这本书没有问题。

Taking all things into consideration, his work is a successful one.

全面考虑起来,他的工作还是很成功的。

经常这样用的分词(分词词组)有:frankly (broadly, generally, properly, s trictly…) speaking, judging from(by)…,talking about…,speaking of…,loo king at…,taking…into consideration, put frankly, taken…等。

2)这样使用的有些分词,在句子中逐渐起到连词或介词的作用,便把它们视为连词或介词。

Granting that he had the best intention, his conduct might work great mischief.

就算他出于好意,他的行为也会引起极大不快。

There were ten people in the room, including me.

屋子里有十个人,包括我在内。

Provided that my expenses are paid, I will go.

要是我的费用有人代付,我就去。

1、定义

“悬垂分词”,是指其逻辑主语与所处句子的主语不一致的分词。

2、举例

Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.

这句话听起来好像是那些山从窗户往外看。

Admired by everybody, dozens of letters reached the veteran soldier.

这句话听起来好像是信件被赞扬。

3、具体用法讲解

1.悬垂分词作状语表示说话人的看法。

(1)Judging from(或by)his accent, he must be from London.

从他的口音判断,他一定是伦敦人。

(2)Strictly speaking, that school is not very old.

严格地说,那所学校不算很古老。

悬垂分词作状语,这类状语也可看作为独立成分。

2.悬垂分词的逻辑主语是泛指,而不是特指。

(1)When packing the goods, greatest care must be given to reinforcing the cases as any damage in transit would cause us heavy losses.

包装货物时,必须加固包装箱,因为运输中的任何损坏都会使我们蒙受重大的损失。该例句中的packing不是特指某一个包装者,而是泛指包装者。又如:

(2)When driving carelessly it is easy to have an accident.

开车时不专心很容易出事故。

悬垂分词driving的逻辑主语并不是某个具体的开车人,而是泛指开车人。

3.悬垂分词的主语隐含在句义中。

(1)Standing on the tower, the whole town could be seen.

站在塔楼上,可以看见全镇。

此句中悬垂分词的逻辑主语没有在句子中出现,但隐含在句义中。

(2)Falling down from the bike, my legs were hurt

从自行车上摔下来时,我的腿受伤了。

该句中Falling的主语也是隐含在句义中,不难看出,它的主语是“I”。

4.已变成介词的悬垂分词。

(1)They had a heated discussion concerning certain linguistic problems.

他们激烈地讨论了某些语言学上的问题。

(2)He solved a series of problems regarding how to carry out guerrilla warfare in the enemy’s rear.

他解决了一系列关于如何在敌后开展游击战的问题。

目前,英语词典上已将concerning和regarding等这样的悬垂分词注明是介词了。5.已成为连词的悬垂分词。

(1)Supposing we lose, what then?

假定我们输了,那这么办?

(2)Granted that he said so, he may not keep his promise.

即使他这样说了,他也不一定遵守诺言。

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