烤烟烟叶淀粉颗粒结构特征与基本特性

49贺帆等　烤烟烟叶淀粉颗粒结构特征与基本特性

烤烟烟叶淀粉颗粒结构特征与基本特性

贺帆1，王涛1，王梅1，史龙飞1，李伟2，王勇军3，宫长荣1

1 河南农业大学烟草学院，郑州文化路95号 450002；

2湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司，恩施施州大道119号 445000;

3河南省烟草公司三门峡市公司，三门峡上阳中路 472000

摘　要：为明确烟叶淀粉颗粒结构和特性，合理调控烤后烟叶淀粉含量，采用环境扫描电子显微镜、X-射线衍射仪和同步热分析仪测定了云烟87、中烟103和中烟202三个品种田间成熟烟叶的淀粉颗粒结构特征、晶体特性和热特性。结果表明：三个品种田间成熟烟叶淀粉颗粒主要为圆球形和长圆柱状，个别呈不规则形状，平均粒径为3～4 µm；长圆柱状和不规则形状的淀粉颗粒上存在明显的层状结构，且中烟103和中烟202两个品种的烟叶淀粉表面的层状结构明显多于并较云烟87明显；X-射线衍射均为“B”型模式，品种间相对结晶度差异明显；烟叶淀粉颗粒的糊化起始温度较低，但糊化峰值温度、终止温度和糊化焓较高，三个品种之间的各糊化温度略有差异，但糊化焓差异较大；热焓值随着结晶度的降低而降低。

关键词：烤烟；淀粉；颗粒结构；晶体特性；热特性

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1004-5708.2013.03.010

中图分类号：S572.01 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1004-5708（2013）03-0049-05

Structural characteristics and properties of starch granules in flue-cured tobacco leaves HE Fan1, WANG Tao1, WANG Mei1, SHI Longfei1, LI Wei2, WANG Yongjun3, GONG Changrong1

1 College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;

2 Enshi Municipal Tobacco Company, Enshi, Hubei 445000, China;

3 Sanmenxia Municipal Tobacco Company, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000, China

Abstract: Structure, crystalline and thermal properties of starch granules in matured tobacco leaves from Yunyan87, Zhongyan103 and Zhongyan202 were determined by environmental scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer and simultaneous thermal analyzer. Results showed that most starch granules were spheroidal and long cylindrical, while others were irregular shape. The average diameter was 3µm~4µm. Layer structure was found on the surface of long cylindrical and irregular starch granules. The layer structure of Zhongyan103 and Zhongyan202 were more than Yunyan87. X-ray diffraction showed that relative crystallinities among three cultivars were significantly different, although they all showed B type diffraction spectrum. Thermal analysis showed that initial gelatinization temperature of starch granule was low, but peak temperature, terminal temperature and gelatinization enthalpy were high. There were no significant differences in gelatinization temperatures among cultivars. Gelatinization enthalpy decreased when relative crystallinity decreased.

Keywords: flue-cured tobacco; starch; granule structure; crystalline property; thermal property

淀粉是高等植物中碳水化合物贮藏的主要形式，不同植物的遗传和环境不同，形成的淀粉颗粒的结构和性质有着明显的差异。淀粉独特的物理化学性能对淀粉和含淀粉物料的加工具有关键性意义。与其他高等植物相比，鲜烟叶中的淀粉只作为暂时贮存形态。在烘烤过程中其分解、转化决定着烟叶内在品质与外观质量。国外优质烤烟淀粉含量约为1%-2%，而我国烟叶中淀粉含量约为4%-6%；淀粉含量如果较高，一方面会影响燃吸的速度和完全性，另一方面燃吸时淀粉会产生焦糊气味，对烟叶香吃味有不良影响[1-2]。

基金项目：国家烟草专卖局重大专项资助项目（TS-01-2011006）

作者简介：贺帆（1975—），博士，讲师，主要从事烟草调制与加工研究，Email：hefanyc@

通讯作者：宫长荣( 1948—)，教授，博士生导师，主要从事烟草调制与加工研究，Email:gongchr009@

收稿日期：2012-08-23