Reading1test 1

合集下载

剑桥BEC真题集第三辑高级Test 1

Test 1READING 1 hourPART ONEQuestions 1-8●Look at the statements below and at the five extracts on the opposite page from an articlegiving advice to people setting up a business.●Which extract (A, B, C, D or E) does each statement (1-8) refer to?●For each statement (1-8), mark one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on your Answer Sheet.●You will need to use some of these letters more than once.●There is an example at the begining, (0).12 A company which is expanding today may not always continue to do so.3The distribution of equity among the founders can affect the smooth runhing of the business. 4Your function in the organisation is different from that of the other managers.5Your method of running the business will have to be modified as your company develops.6Your business may evolve into a form that you are not satisfied with.7Delay offering employees a financial stake in the company.8 You need to identify your personal strengths and weaknesses.ABBringing an idea to life requires an organisation. If you are going into business with your friends, make sure you treat them as professionally as you would your arms-length business partners, because the odds are that you’ll fall out with them. It may not seem important at the start, but it will strengthen the company if you ensure that its constitution documents are designed with your specific business and circumstances in mind, and that they clearly establish what will happen in the event of a withdrawal from the business by one of the founding shareholders.PART TWOQuestions 9-14●Read this text taken from an article about marketing.●Choose the best sentence from the opposite page to fill each of the gaps.●For each gap (9-14), mark one letter (A—H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.●There is an example at the beginning, (0).Example:PART THREEQuestions 15-20● Read the following article about recruitment in the UK and the questions on the opposite page.● For each question (15-20), mark one letter (A , B , C or D ) on your Answer Sheet.Graduate recruitment has a growing role. But companies need to know whether their recruitment staff who interview candidates for jobs really know what they’redoing.Carl Gilleard, chief executive of the Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), acknowledges that in a perfect world. the people who recruit graduates would have been in the role for some time building up workplace knowledge. He says the reality is that the high turnover of graduate recruitment managers in most blue chips means there is little continuity in how companies operate. ‘There’s the difficult y in maintaining important contact with university careers departments, for example,’he explains. ‘You need a depth of understanding to appreciate where the company is coming from and how it‘s progressing .’We can identify two specialisms within the recruiter's role.Those that work on the recruitment and selection side need traditional human resources (HR) skills such as good interviewing technique, observation, common sense, objectivity patience and listening skills. But increasingly there are those who take a strategic view and look more widely at how their company is represented in the marketplace. lt's a clear advantage if you can identify with your target audience.A Having done that, next comes establishing what it is that marketing activities should be achieving.B Because of this, you may want to generate return on investment, perhaps by raising the quality of your brand.C This shift in focus will be taken as read by the most successful businesses.D Addressing such issues should mean thatprofits take care of themselves.E Concerning the latter, it may be tempting to be seduced by efforts that yield quick results and satisfy investor pressure for immediate returns.F These should be precise and based on empirical data.G Good strategies are not necessarily linked to production or sales figures.H Today we are all accountable and have to be able to demonstrate the value of our contribution to our businesses.Many young members of middle management are seconded into HR for a year because their firms feel they can identify with job—seeking graduates.Yet in an industry that has been revolutionised by the internet, privatised career services and rocketing numbers in higher education, it is questionable how relevant these managers` experiences are. Some high—fliers see a secondment to HR as a sideways move; a firm’s HR func- tion might not carry the same kudos as, say the finance department, although obviously the recruitment and retention of staff is of crucial importance.Georgia de Saram, specialising in graduate recruitment at a law Erm, is one of a new breed of young dynamic recruiters who see HR as their vocation ratherthan a transitory career move. ‘I was attracted to the profession because I enjoy working with people and it's an obvious follow-on from my anthropology degree.’she says. ‘In this capacity you get to know people and they know you even though they might not know other people in the firm.’ As a recruiter, she sees herself as the interface between graduates and the firm that’s looking to attract them.‘It's such a tug of war between law firms for the best trainees - often they’ll turn you down in favour of an offerthey’ve received from elsewhere.You need to be good at marketing your firm, to know what interests graduates and how you can reach potential employees, whether that`s through virtual law fairs or magazines.’A recent AGR survey suggests that the sectors in which there is less turnover of graduate recruitment managers are more successful in recruiting the graduates they want. The legal sector’s sophisticated understanding of the market, for example, means they manage to recruit exactly the right number of trainees despite intense competition and thousands of applications. The people recruiting seem to build up a specialism and then pass on their knowledge and expertise to those new to the graduate recruitment sectorJackie Alexander: an HR partner at PricewaterhouseCoopers, feels that HR professionals are finally reaching board level and receiving the sort of acknowledgement they deserve. ‘They are judged by the value they add to the business,' she says,'and, as a professional services firm, the right people are our biggest asset.’ As Georgia de Saram points out: ‘From our company’s point of view, if I can’t establish a rapport with a candidate and bring out their best, it might not be just their future but also ours that is at stake.’15 According to Carl Gilleard, many recruiters lackA detailed knowledge of their sector.B appropriate academic qualifications.C underst anding of graduates’ expectations.D experience of the companies they work for.16 What change in the recruitment process is mentioned in the third paragraph?A Recruitment staff are re-training.B Broader approaches are being adopted.C Traditional abilities are being given less value.D Different interview processes are being— used.17 On what grounds are certain managers seconded to HR departments?A It is believed that they will relate to potential recruits.B It is thought that they will benefit most from new developments.C It is assumed that they will be able to apply specialised knowledge.D lt is expected that they will take advantage of new promotion opportunities.18 Which of the following areas does Georgia de Saram mention as an aspect of her work?A representing her company effectively to its recruitsB increasing recruitment numbers at her companyC encouraging a wide range of company recruitsD influencing her company's recruitment policy19What was revealed about law firms in a survey?A They are competing more effectively than before against other sectors.B They prefer to retain trainees for extended periods wherever possible.C They have managed to employ particularly knowledgeable HR staff.D They appeal to those HR managers who are keen for promotion.20What point is made about recruitment in the final paragraph?A New levels of qualification are being developed for it.B lt is now being perceived as key to increased profitability. ,C Higher numbers of managers are being attracted to it.D It is becoming central to a business’s survival.PART FOURQuestions 21-30●Read the article below about job satisfaction.●Choose the correct word to fill each gap from A, B, C or D on the opposite page.●For each question (21-30), mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.●There is an example at the beginning, (0).21 A highly 22 A devoted 23 A customary 24 A pieces 25 A connected 26 A result 27 A set 28 A insist Example: A quite B even C just D yet A B C DB largely B intended B habitual B roles B relevant B effect B order B accentuate B demonstrateC extensivelyC identifiedC usualC factorsC appropriateC issueC rankC reiterate C unmaskD widely D allocated D routine D parts D related D outcome D line D assentD manifest29 A uncover30 A confirmPART FIVEOuestions 31-40●Read the text below from a brochure.●For each question (31-40), write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet.●There is an example at the beginning, (0).Paragon: great business spaceA new concept for the twenty-first century, Paragon is (0) ....... totally unique showpiece development of high-quality office and call centre buildings, hotel and leisure facilities. Many cities find (31) ........ increasingly difficult to allocate office space, but the city of Wakefield is already ahead (32) ....... the game with Paragon.Paragon offers an extensive parkland setting with low-density buildings, and room to expand in the future. Yet, (33) ....... the vast majority of business parks, Paragon has not been exiled to the distant edges of the city. Instead, this large site is only I km from the centre of Wakefield. This offers massive advantages: employees can easily walk or cycle to work, saving stress and pollution, and significantly cutting (34) ....... on commuting time. There is (35) ....... more driving along the motorway to distant outposts of business empires for the Paragon worker But Paragon's location sacrifices nothing (36) ....... terms of communications. It is perfectly placed for road and rail networks.A further attraction of Wakefield for Paragon is the ready availability of a skilled workforce.(37) ....... are more than 233,000 people available for work within an hour's journey, and an enormous catchment population of 20 million within two hours' travel. The city has a long history (38) ....... an administrative centre, and its recent success in attracting top-name companies is evidence of its solid business credentials. Figures from the developers suggest that up (39) ....... 5,000 jobs could be available in the initial phase of its development, with more to follow, making it (40) ....... of the most significant areas of employment in the region.PARTSIXQuestions 41-52●Read the text below about IT training.●In most of the lines (41-52) there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect ordoes not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct.●lf a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet.●lf there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your AnswerSheet.The exercise begins with two examples, (0) and (00).WRITING 1 hour 10 minutesPART ONEQuestion 1●The graph below shows the turnover for three kinds of retail outlet, all owned by the samecompany, during a three-year period.●Using the information from the graph, write a short report comparing the changes inturnover in the company’s three types of outlet.●Write 120-140 words.PART TWOWrite an answer to one of the questions 2-4 in this part. Write your answer in200-250 words.Question 2●Your company would like to break into a new overseas market with your newrange of sports goods. You have been asked by the Marketing Director toinvestigate ways of doing this.●Write a report for the Marketing Director, including the following information:●how you carried out your research into the market●the existing competition●your target customers●ways of promoting the products in the new market.Question 3●Recently you have become unhappy with a service that has been provided toyour company for a number of years. You have decided to write a letter ofcomplaint to the service provider.●Write your letter to the company that provides the service, including the followinginformation:●which service you are complaining about●why you are dissatisfied with the service●what action you want the service provider to take●what you will do if there is no improvement in the service.Question 4●Your Managing Director is considering how to improve the company's internalcommunications, and has asked you to write a short proposal giving your views on communication within your department.●Write the proposal for the Managing Director:●describing how communication currently takes place within your department●pointing out the weaknesses of the present situation●recommending one or two improvements that should be made.LISTENING Approximately 40 minutes (including10 minutes’ transfer time)PART ONEQuestions 1-12●You will hear the founder of a company called Manshee talking to business students about itsdevelopment.●As you listen, for questions 1-12, complete the notes, using up to three words or a number.●After you have listened once, replay the recording.PART TWOQuestions 13-22●You will hear five different people talking about problems and responses to them in the companies where they work.●For each extract there are two tasks. For Task One, decide which problem each speaker mentions from the list A-H. For Task Two, decide which response the company made to the problem from the list A-H.●After you have listened once, replay the recording.Task One - Problems●For questions 13-17, match the extracts with the problems, listed A-H.●For each extract, decide which problem for the company is mentioned. ,●Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the extract.13 ................................. A The directors’ experience was narrow.Task Two - Responses● For questions 18-22, match the extracts with the responses, listed A-H .● For each extract, decide which response the company made to the problem. ● Write one letter (A-H ) next to the number of the extract.PART THREEQuestions 23-30● You will hear a discussion between two senior managers, John and Deborah, about an assistant manager, Colin, who has applied for a new post.● For each question (23-30), mark one letter (A , B or C ) for the correct answer.● After you have listened once, replay the recording.23 The new post is being created as a result ofA plans to change corporate culture. _B criticisms of management practice.C changes to overall company structure.24 What reason has Colin given for applying?A to have a more challenging roleB to make full use of his qualificationsC to raise his profile within the company25 John was particularly impressed by the way ColinA treated a dissatisfied client.B responded to an unreliable supplier.C dealt with an inefficient member of staff.18 ................................. 19 ................................. 20................................. 21 ................................. 22 .................................A Large severance payments were made.B New shares were issued.C A takeover bid was accepted.D Low-cost products were introduced.E A partnership abroad was formed.F One division was sold off.G Some products were rebranded.H A cost reduction programme was introduced.26What current strength of Co|in’s does Deborah commend?A his analytical skillsB his product knowledgeC his flexible approach27On a recent sales trip, Colin succeeded inA improving the terms of a contract.B identifying a new method of selling.C making a number of new contacts.28In what area did Colin excel during recent training?A teamworkingB report writingC prioritising29 What does Co|in's reference say?A He expects too much of others.B His confidence will grow in time.C He sometimes lacks objectivity.30 What support will the successful candidate receive?A contact with an in—house advisory bodyB performance appraisal meetingsC coaching from a consultantThat is the end of the Listening test. You now have ten minutes to transferyour answers to your Answer Sheet.SPEAKING 16 minutesSAMPLE SPEAKING TASKSPART ONEIn this part, the interlocutor asks questions to each of the candidates in turn. You have to give information about yourself and express personal opinions.PART TWOIn this part of the test, you are asked to give a short talk on a business topic.You have to choose one of the topics from the three below and then talk for about one minute. You have one minute to prepare your ideas.PART THREEIn this part of the test, you are given a discussion topic. You have 30 seconds to look at the task prompt, an example of which is below, and then about three minutes to discuss the topic with your partner. After that, the examiner will ask you more questions related to the topic.For two candidatesTravelling to WorkYour company’s location in a busy city centre means that staff oftencomplain about the time taken to get to work. You have been askedto make some recommendations.Discuss and decide together:●whether it would be better for staff to use public or privatetransport●what the effects might be of allowing staff to work flexible hours.For three candidatesFollow-on questions。

BEC初级--阅读课程电子版教材word资料26页

BEC初级--阅读课程电⼦版教材word资料26页BEC初级阅读讲义主讲：⽥冲欢迎使⽤新东⽅在线电⼦教材第⼀课时BEC简介Part 1 理解句义题Test 1READINGPART ONEQuestions 1-5Look at questions 1-5.In each question, which sentence is correct?For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.A B C which of the courses they have decided to do.Test 2READINGPART ONEQuestions 1-5● Look at questions 1-5.● In each question, which sentence is correct?● For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.C will supervise training.4 5 Test 3READINGQuestions 1-5●Look at questions 1-5.●In each question, which sentence is correct?●For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.●In each question, which sentence is correct?●For each question, mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet. 1B MarketingC AdministrationC At present there is no charge for changing foreign money.C Businesses are renting out empty office space to help their falling profits.第⼆课时test 1PART TWOQuestions 6-10 ● Look at the list below. It shows a number of business training courses.● For questions 6-10, decide which training course (A-H) each person on the opposite page needs.● For each question, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.some to meet PART TWO● Look at the list below. It shows the titles of chapters from a book about management.● For questions 6-10, decide which chapter (A-H) each person on the opposite page should read.● For each question, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.contracts with78on how to avoid9company ’s promotion ’s skillsPART TWOQuestions 6-10● Look at the list below. It shows a number of tasks that staff need to do in order to organize an anniversary part for their company.● For questions 6-10, decide which task (A-H) would be most suitable for each person on the opposite page.● For each question, mark the correct letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.6 7 fora8 9 10 Test 4PART TWOQuestions 6-10● Look at the contents page below. It shows the titles of eight different sections of a business directory.● For questions 6-10, decide which section of the directory (A-H) each person on the opposite page should look at● For each question, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.● Do not use any letter more than once.6789Look at the notice below. It shows the departments in a company.For questions 1-5, decide which department A-H each employee should contact.For each question, mark one letter A-H on your Answer Sheet.1.Ms. Williams needs to send a large order to an important customer in the USA. 2.John Carter needs extra staff to help with an unexpected order. 3.Mr. Wales wants to discuss advertising for his new product. 4.Mary Walden thinks she has been charged too much tax on her pay. 5. Jan Whittaker has a box of faulty goods which a shop has sent back.第三课时Part 3 看图搭配问题的句⼦结构：主语（名词）+ 谓语动词+副词+时间状语通常作主语的名词：sales ，profit ，turnover ，share ，price谓语动词：1. 表⽰上升状态的动词：up ，go up/be up ，rise ，increase ，advance ，jump ，leap ，grow ，climb ，soar ，surge ，rocket ，lift，improve，balloon，bulge，be robust，closed higher，be an all time high，reach a peak2. 表⽰下降的词：down，be down/go down，drop，fall，decrease，decline，dip，plunge，weak，lose，be an alltime low，reach a trough3. 表⽰反弹的词：rally，recover，rebound，bounce4. 表⽰保持不变的词：be/keep/stay/remain + still/steady/stable/constant/maintained，level off5. 表⽰波动，不稳定的词：be uncertainty，be flexible，bechangeable，fluctuate，fluctuation，volatile 副词：1. 表⽰程度⼤的词：sharp/sharply，only，increasingly，considerably dramatically，prominently，substantially，apparently，obviously2. 表⽰程度⼩的词：little，small，tiny，hardly，narrowly时间状语：表⽰⼀段时间的：within the period，throughout the period表⽰开始：at the start / beginning of the period表⽰在中间：in the middle of the period表⽰在结尾：at the end of the period表⽰在余下的时间内：at the remaining / rest of the period做题顺序：1. 读第⼀个做题说明2. 读图表的标题和图例说明3. 读表的横坐标和纵坐标4. 看问题Test 1PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the chart below. It shows a company’s performance on the London stockmarket during 10 working days.●Which day does each sentence (11-15) on the opposite page describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE11At the close of this day’s trading, shares dipped just below 630 pence, despite achieving higher levels throughout the rest of the day.12On this day share prices closed considerably lower than the previous working day, with the fluctuation between high and low being at its greatest.13Shares closed at their lowest value of the day’s trading, but narrowly avoided the worst performance of the period.14Shares closed at a higher value than the precious two days, although around 17 pence down on the high point for the day. 15During this day shares rose and fell within only a narrow margin and closed in the middle of the range, before falling sharply at the end of the following day.Test 2PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the charts below. They show Internet sales compared to High Street sales ofholidays offered by eight different travel companies during a three-year period.●Which chart does each sentence (11-15) on the opposite page describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.11 Although Internet sales started higher than High Street sales, they lost that lead when both dipped in the middle of the period.12 High Street sales and Internet sales reached their peak in the middle of the period, butInternet sales declined more sharply at the end.13While both High Street and Internet sales rose throughout the period, High Street sales saw their greater increase in the middle year.14Both Internet and High Street sales dipped in the middle of the period, with the Internet always achieving fewer sales than the High Street.15High Street sales fell from their early high point to equal Internet sales, and both then remained level at the end of the period.Test 3PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the table and charts below. They show the market share, annual turnover and shareprices for eight electronics manufacturing companies between 2019 and 2019.●Which company does each sentence (11-15) describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.TURNOVER(￡ MILLION)MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SHARE PRICES (￡) 2019-201911This company’s share price ended the period lower than it started, its market share declined sharply, and its turnover also dropped.12Although this company’s market share declined over the period, its turnover almost doubled and the share price closed higher than it opened.13Despite increasing its turnover, this company was unable to keep its strong market share,which, like its share price, ended below its 2019 level.14Shares in this company ended the period close to matching their best performance, while market share and turnover rose from already strong positions.15While this company’s market share and turnover increased slightly from low levels, its share price closed well below its maximum value of the period.第四课时TEST3 PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the table and charts below. They show the market share, annual turnover and shareprices for eight electronics manufacturing companies between 2019 and 2019.●Which company does each sentence (11-15) describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once.MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM SHARE PRICES (￡) 2019-201911This company’s share price ended the period lower than it started, its market share declined sharply, and its turnover also dropped.12Although this company’s market share declined over the period, its turnover almost doubled and the share price closed higher than it opened.13Despite increasing its turnover, this company was unable to keep its strong market share, which, like its share price, ended below its 2019 level.14Shares in this company ended the period close to matching their best performance, while market share and turnover rose from already strong positions.15While this company’s market share and turnover increased slightly from low levels, its share price closed well below its maximum value of the period.TEST4 PART THREEQuestions 11-15●Look at the charts below. They show profits before tax and profit margins foreight different companies from 2019 to 2019.●Which chart does each sentence (11-15) describe?●For each sentence, mark one letter (A-H) on your Answer Sheet.●Do not use any letter more than once11The company’s profit margins have decreased over the most recent years, while profits before tax have maintained asteady rise since 2019.12In 2019 the company both regained its 2019 level of profits before tax and also mangged to improve profit margins. 132019 say a great improvement in profits before tax but the company’s profit margins remained unchanged at the end of the company.14The last five years have seen alternate rises and falls in profits before tax, at the same time as fluctuating profit margins for the company.15Even though the company reached record levels of both profits before tax and profit margins in 2019,neither of these was maintained.TEST1 PART FOURQuestions 16-22●Read the article below about a self-employed journalist.●Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enoughinformation to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.●For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Sally Patterson, journalistL ast year, Sally Patterson left her permanent job with a newspaper and is now a self-employed journalist. Why did she do it? 'I had no control over my work,' she says, 'and that mattered more to me than earning lots of money. Actually, leaving my job wasn't as difficult as I'd expected, because I already had plenty of contacts in the publishing industry. Unlike my last job, though, I'm mostly in touch with the magazines and newspap ers I write for by email, and as I don't work in an office, I may not see anyone for days. But that's a welcome relief!’Isn't it hard being self- employed? 'The biggest danger when you become self-employed is saying "yes" to everything,' Sally says. 'I make sure I turn work down if I haven't got the time for it. And that's a question of planning: I spend an hour every week working out what I'm doing for the next few months’.And what about the benefits? 'Well, at the newspaper I always concentrated on economic matters, but now I can choose to work on a wider range of projects than before. And being my own boss has made me feel more confident about the other areas of my life, too.'16Sally left her last job because she wanted to make decisions about her work herself.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say17 Her colleagues in publishing thought that being self-employed would be difficult for her.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say18 She would prefer to share an office with other people.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say19 She needs to accept all the work she is offered.A RightC Doesn't say20 Most self-employed journalists find it difficult to plan ahead.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say21 Sally specializes more now than she did in her last job.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say22 Self-employment has affected Sally's attitude to life.A RightB WrongC Doesn't say第五课时TEST2 PART FOURQuestions 16-22●Read the article below about a hair products business.●Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enoughinformation to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.●For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Louise Wood’s Success StoryThree years ago, Louise Wood set up her own hair products company. She soon found she had more orders than she could handle by herself, and now employs ten people. Her turnover last year was ￡5.8 million.‘I used to work as a rep, selling hair products to people like famous hair-dressers. One day someone suggested to me that I should make and sell similar products myself, and I thought, “Why not?”’‘before I started, I thought running my own business would be similar to my previous job, but straight away I had problems I’d never dealt with before. I’m glad I took the risk, though.’‘I’ve always insisted on 90 day’s credit to make the company self-supporting, without huge loans from banks. Luckily my manufactures agreed!’Louise uses local suppliers and expects them to come to her if they want to do business with her. ‘I rarely leave the office and try to fit everything onto normal working hours. I’m no good at working late.’So what are Louise’s plans now? ‘My friends predicted I wouldn’t keep this business for long as I’m always having new business ideas, but at the moment I want to see this project through.’16Louise Wood recruited her staff as soon as she set up her business.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17As a rep, Louise enjoyed meeting famous hairdressers.B WrongC Doesn’t say18Louise’s first few months of business were less difficult than she had expected.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say19Louise has avoided borrowing large amounts of money to finance her business.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say20Her suppliers have complained about having meetings at her office.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say21Louise regularly does overtime.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say22Louise feels committed to this business for the present.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t sayTEST 3 PART FOURQuestions 16-22●Read the newspaper article below about moving premises.●Are sentences 16-22 on the opposite page ‘Right’or ‘Wrong’? If there is not enoughinformation to answer ‘Right’ or ‘Wrong’, choose ‘Doesn’t say’.●For each sentence (16-22), mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.How to move officeA successful office relocation demands careful preparation. It’s important to form a project team as early as possible before the move, and at least twelve months in advance. It’s also essential to contact the British Association of Commercial specialists who will advise on packing, security and other important topics.Internally you’ll need to appoint a move organizer, or employ a freelance expert from a firm such as Move Plan, which organizes relocation for firms from two to 6,000 people. You’ll also need to pick a time when closing down your IT department will cause the fewest problems to the business and, for that reason, the majority of firms now move over a weekend.Next make a list of all the furniture, equipment and paperwork. Commercial movers will pack filling in A-Z order, so if A-Gleaves the building, it’s still A-G when it’s unpacked. Confidential files can be sealed in secure boxes for the moving day. Commercial specialists will keep company employees fully informed and answer any questions they may have. You may move offices once or twice in your career, but experts do it every day.16 According to the article, the minimum planning time for an office move should be a year.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17 The writer says that companies should be able to organize their move without external help.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say18 Move Plan are experts at organizing both large and small moves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say19 The IT department is usually the first department to move.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say20 Most companies believe there are fewer computer problems if the move happens Monday to Friday.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say21 Companies are advised to pack confidential materials themselves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say22 A specialist remover will make sure staff are kept up to date with arrangements for their move.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say第六课时How to move officeA successful office relocation demands careful preparation. It’s imp ortant to form a project team as early as possible before the move, and at least twelve months in advance. It’s alsoessential to contact the British Association of Commercial specialists who will advise on packing, security and other important topics.I nternally you’ll need to appoint a move organizer, or employ a freelance expert from a firm such as Move Plan, which organizes relocation for firms from two to 6,000 people. You’ll also need to pick a time when closing down your IT department will cause the fewest problems to the business and, for that reason, the majority of firms now move over a weekend.Next make a list of all the furniture, equipment and paperwork. Commercial movers will pack filling in A-Z order, so if A-G leaves the building, it’s s till A-G when it’s unpacked. Confidential files can be sealed in secure boxes for the moving day.Commercial specialists will keep company employees fully informed and answer any questions they may have. You may move offices once or twice in your career, but experts do it every day.16According to the article, the minimum planning time for an office move should be a year.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17The writer says that companies should be able to organize their move without external help.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say18Move Plan are experts at organizing both large and small moves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say19The IT department is usually the first department to move.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say20Most companies believe there are fewer computer problems if the move happens Monday to Friday.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say21Companies are advised to pack confidential materials themselves.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say22 A specialist remover will make sure staff are kept up to date with arrangements for theirmove.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t saySHAREHOLDERS WATCH HOCKING CLOSELYHocking, the High Street retailer, yesterday published figures indicating a recovery in sales for the first three months of the year; this pleased the company’s shareholders, who have had a difficult time in recen t years. The news was not all good, however. Sales at Hocking’s sister company, Hocking’s Pharmacy, were disappointing, improving by only 0.7 per cent during the period.James Bowen, the company chairman, said, ‘The retail climate is improving slowly. O ur retail businesses found that trading conditions were reasonable in April, very poor in May, then improved considerably in June, with this improvement continuing in July. Operating costs are growing more slowly than sales, so our profit forecasts for the rest of the year are good.’The company said that it will install customer computer kiosks in more than 250 stores by Christmas, after a trial period in 20 stores in the north of England saw sales rise by 5 percent. These computer kiosks allow specially targeted discounts and promotions to be offered to individual customers.11Hocking, the retailer, has shown signs of improved sales in the first quarter of the year.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say12The price of shares in Hocking, the retailer, has risen slightly.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say13Sales figures at Hocking’s Pharmacy showed a slight fall.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say14According to the chairman, trading conditions have improved steadily each month since April.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say15The chairman predicts an improvement in profits as sales are rising faster than operating costs.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t sa y16Hocking’s computer kiosks have already shown that they can lead to increased Sales.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t say17Customers asked for clearer information to be provided about discounts and promotions.A RightB WrongC Doesn’t sayMaster of the turnstilesFor years Jim Cartwright enjoyed spending his spare time repairing his local football club’s turnstiles, the metal gates which allow one person at a time into the football ground. When Jim was made redundant from his full-time job selling equipment to sports organizations, he realized he already knew plenty of people responsible for turnstiles. This made him sure that his hobby could become a successful new career.He had 1000 brochures printed and posted them to clubs around the country. For two weeks he heard nothing. Then Trion Football Club requested a quotation for repairing their turnstiles, with the possibility of the work becoming regular. He wanted the contract so much that he cut his profit margin to a minimum. He won it, though with no guarantee of further work, and celebrated the launch of his new business.In the next month, club after club offered Jim work, and he recruited his first employee, Alec, to help re-install the repaired turnstiles. Alec, however, took frequent to breaks and never put in more effort than he had to. What’s more, he seemed unhappy working for Jim. Although Jim had no complaints about the quality of his work, Alec’s attitude made him difficult to work with.Jim considered dismissing Alec, but recruiting him had taken a long time because there had been so many suitable people to interview. Now he was simply too busy to go through that process again. Any anyway, Jim had employed Alec on the understanding that the job would probably end with the current contracts were completed.Suddenly, though, Jim’s business was at risk. He made very few mistakes, and calculated his costs and the time that a job would take very accurately. But he had forgotten that generally clubs have repairs done between the end of one football season and the start of the next. Now no major jobs were coming in.After buying a replacement van, as his old one was beyond repair, he could only just cover Alec’s wages and his own. But without more work he had no future. The solution was something more regular, and he decided to produce turnstiles, as well as repair them. For an investment like this,though, he needed help, and he persuaded his bank to give him a loan. From then on, Cartwright Turnstile Services just grew and grew and now employs three full-time workers.Read the article below about a company which repairs turnstiles (the metal gates used at sports grounds).第七课时Test 1PART FIVEQuestions 23-28● Read the article below about a company which repairs turnstiles (the metal gates used at sports grounds).● For each question (23-28) on the opposite page, choose the correct answer.● Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Master of the turnstilesFor years Jim Cartwright enjoyed spending his spare time repairing his local football club's turnstiles, the metal gates which allow one person at a time into the football ground. When Jim was made redundant from his full-time job selling equipment to sports organisations, he realised he already knew plenty of people responsible for turnstiles. This made him sure that his hobby could become a successful new career.He had 1000 brochures printed and posted them to clubs around the country. For two weeks he heard nothing. Then Troon Football Club requested a quotation for repairing their turnstiles, with the possibility of the work becoming regular. He wanted the contract so much that he cut his profit margin to a minimum. He won it, though with no guarantee of further work, and celebrated the launch of his new business.In the next month, club after club offered Jim work, and he recruited his first employee, Alec, to help re-install the repaired turnstiles. Alec, however, took frequent breaks and never put in more effort than he had to. What's more, he seemed unhappy working for Jim. Although Jim had no complaints about the quality of his work, Alec's attitude made him difficult to work with. Jim considered dismissing Alec, but recruiting him had taken a long time because there had been so many suit-able people to interview. Now he was simply too busy to go through that process again. And anyway, Jim had employed Alec on the under-standing that the job would probably end when the current contracts were completed.Suddenly, though, Jim's business was at risk. He made very few mistakes, and calculated his costs and the time that a jobwould take very accurately. But he had forgotten that generally clubs have repairs done between the end of one football season and the start of the next. Now no major jobs were coming in.After buying a replacement van, as his old one was beyond repair, he could only just cover Alec's wages and his own. But without more work he had no future. The solution was something more regular, and he decided to produce turnstiles, as well as repair them. For an investment like this, though, he needed help, and he persuaded his bank to give him a loan. From then on, Cartwright Turnstile Services just grew and grew and now employs three full-time workers.23. Why was Jim Cartwright confident about starting a business repairing turnstiles?A. He had learnt from mistakes that his previous employer made.B. He had a lot of contacts with possible customers.C. He had experience of doing the work in his previous job.24. Why was Jim happy that Troon Football Club gave him the contract?A. It was the first his firm had received.B. It led to long-term work for the club.C. It provided him with a good profit.25. What problem did Jim have with Alec?A. His work was not of a high enough standard.B. He did as little work as possible.C. He made a lot of complaints about the business.26. Why did Jim decide to continue employing Alec?A. It would take too long to find a replacement.B. There was a lack of people with the right qualifications.C. Jim had given him a contract which guaranteed him work.27. Why did Jim find himself in danger of going out of business?A. His costs were higher than he had estimated.B. He found that each job took longer than he expected.C. His work was mostly limited to certain times of year.28. Jim asked his bank for a loan in order toA. pay the wages bill.B. start manufacturing.C. buy a new van.Test 2PART FIVEQuestions 23-28● Read the text below, which is part of the annual report of a retail company called Bennetts. Its customers order goods from catalogues and collect them from the company’s stores.● For each question (23-28) on the opposite page, choose the correct answer.● Mark one letter (A, B or C) on your Answer Sheet.Chief Executive’s ReportBennetts has remained the region’s leading catalogue retailer in last twelve months. The company distributed around five million catalogues, a figure which is unchanged on the previous year, and we now have 98 stores, an increase of twelve. As was widely reported in the media, merger negotiations with another catalogue retailer ended without agreement.It is true that this has been a difficult year, with a fall in trading profits, largely resulting from weaker consumer spending, but not helped by disappointing productivity levels in the stores. It is also a cause of worry that production costs are continuing to rise. However, changes in the way we deliver to stores have led to considerable savings.With the aim of improving customer service and shopping convenience, we have introduced a number of new services in the last twelve months. Shopping by internet was added to the existing telephone ordering facility, and the early response to this has been good. In stores there are now information screens for customers to check the availability of goods they want to purchase. Together with other existing systems, which reduce queues and tell store customers when their orders are ready for collection, this is giving positive results.Another change has been the placement of the Traditional and Modern catalogues with a single catalogue. As a result, customers who used the Modern catalogue now have over 30% more products to choose from, although we have dropped the less popular lines. Annual printing costs already show the benefit of this move, and sales are expected to start growing within the next year. We have had to change our plans for the coming year. It is clear that shoppers expect staff on stores to be both friendly and efficient. A major programme to raise standards will be introduced at once, while the planned improvements to store facilities will be delayed for twelve months. The proposed interactive TV shopping service will not now go ahead, and neither will the planned redevelopment of the corporate headquarters.Bennetts is changing fast, and we are confident that the newly appointed members of the management team will help us to improve sales within the next twelve months, even if, as expected, there is no recovery in the economic climate. Our aim is to spend this time making sure that the company is as efficient as possible, and to delay our strategy of considering mergers to takeovers.23. In the last year Bennetts hasA. opened a number of new stores.B. merger with another catalogue company.C. increased the number of catalogues it delivers.24. One improvement in the last year is that Bennetts has managed toA. spend less on manufacturing.B. increase productivity.C. reduce distribution costs.25. As a result of developments in the last year, customers can nowA. find out if goods are in stock before ordering them.B. collect their orders without queuing in the stores.C. order goods by telephone as well as in stores.26. Replacing two catalogues with one has meant thatA. all the lines from both catalogues are available.B. the catalogue has now become cheaper to produce.C. sales from the stores are already increasing.27. Bennetts' main aim for next year is to improveA. home shopping facilities.B. the facilities at head office.C. customer service in the stores.。

雅思真题剑八Test 1 reading 1--a chronicle of timekeeping

2. As the Roman Empire expanded northward, it orgranised its activity chart for the most part around the solar year. 语法点：时间状语从句参考译文：随着罗马帝国向北扩张，它的活动图表通常都是根据回归年而编排的。
3. at least 至少反义词：at most There were at most twenty people in the classroom. 教室里最多不过20人。 4. coordinate vt.调节，协调，配合 The agencies are working together to coordinate policy on food safety. 派：名词 coordination coordinator 协调者形容词 coordinative 5. communal activities 社区活动 6. in particular 特别，尤其
3. annual adj.每年的, 年度的 an ~ income年收入 4. span n.时期, 跨度, 间距 vt.延续, 横跨, 贯穿, 遍及, 弥补 5. the ~ of life 人的一生 = lifespan 寿命 = life circle the ~ of a bridge桥的全长 His professional career spanned 16 years. 他的职业生涯持续了 16 年。 Many bridges span the Thames. 很多桥横亘在泰晤士河上。
7. regulate vt. 管理,规定; 限制,管理; 整顿; 管制 = manage，govern 派：名词regulation 规则，规章 = rule 8. base on 基于，以…为基础 • 9. successive adj. 连续的，相继的同义词：continuous • The team has had five successive victories. 球队已经取得5次连续的胜利。 • Successive governments have tried to deal with this issue. 历届政府都试图解决这个问题。

剑桥雅思真题9-阅读Test 1(附答案)

剑桥雅思真题9-阅读Test 1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry PerkinThe man who invented synthetic dyesWilliam Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin's curiosity prompted early interests in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather's home that solidified the young man's enthusiasm for chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist's enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the time of Perkin's enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin's scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann's attention and within two years, he became Hofmann's youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on the top floor of his family's house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin's scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur's words 'chance favours only theprepared mind’. Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly that in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin's discovery was made.Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world's first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. but perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin's reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry. With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London's gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world's first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England's Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.Although Perkin's fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859) and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin's green. It is important to note that Perkin's synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to slain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria. Question 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin's ability as a student of chemistry.2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4. Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5. The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6. Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7. Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Question 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin's discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12 In what country did Perkin's newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Is there anybody out there?The search for extra-terrestrial intelligencesThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent; civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.A The primary reason for the search is basic curiosity -the same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that we see around us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven't yet discovered.B In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun. And perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.C Even when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certain^ do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.D An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world's largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA's Deep Space Network.E There is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with 8 superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It's not important, then, if there's a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply. Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph EQuestion 18-20Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.18What is the life expectancy of Earth?19What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?20How many stars are the world's most powerful radio telescopes searching?Question 21-26Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this21. Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.22. SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.23. The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.24. So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.25. The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.26. If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood andcellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the plants, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thorough going land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don't even come ashore to breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches. There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Paiaeockersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoises. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it's obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the 'wet cluster’ of sea turtle and the 'dry cluster* of land tortoises. The next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P. quenstedti and P.talampayensis leave us in no doubt their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water.You might think, therefore, that modem land tortoises have probably stayed on land ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family tree of all modem turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic. Today's land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This suggests that modem land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then re-emerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times.Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals, reptilesand birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations. Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts.Question 27-30Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?28Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto land?29Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?30Which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?Question 31-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31. Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.32. It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.33. The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains. Question 34-39Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come fromQuestion 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40. According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is thatA. they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.B. their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.C. they have so much in common with sea turtles.D. they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.参考答案1 FALSE2 NOT GIVEN3 FALSE4 TRUE5 NOT GIVEN6 TRUE7 NOT GIVEN8 (the / only) rich9 commercial (possibilities)10 mauve (was/is)11 (Robert) Pullar12 (in) France13 malaria (is)14 iv15 vii16 i17 ii18 several billion years19 radio (waves/signals)20 1000(stars)21 YES22 YES23 NOT GIVEN24 NO25 NOT GIVEN26 NO27 plants28 (IN EITHER ORDER; BOTH REQUIRED FOR ONE MARK) breathing; reproduction29 gills30 dolphins31 NOT GIVEN32 FALSE33 TRUE34 3 measurements35 (triangular) graph36 cluster37 amphibious38 half way39 dry-land tortoises40 D。

英语泛读教程1第3版参考答案

Unit 1Text:A. dB. 1. c 2. d 3. d 4. a 5. d 6. c, 7. a 8. c 9. dC. 1. d 2. b 3. d 4. d 5. a 6. d 7. c 8. b 9. d 10. d Fast Reading:1. c2. d3. b4. c5. c6. d7. a8. c9. d 10. c 11. c 12. c 13. b 14. c 15. dHome Reading:1. d2. b3. b4. c5. c6. b7. a8. b9. d 10.c Unit 2Text:A. dB. 1. b 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. c 6. c, 7. a 8. cC. 1. a 2. d 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. b 7. b 8. b 9. c 10. a Fast Reading:1. b2. d3. d4. a5. c6. c7. d8. b9. c 10. a 11. d 12. d 13. d 14. c 15. dHome Reading：1. c2. d3. d4. c5. c6. d7. d8. d9. d 10. b 11. b 12. aUnit 3Text：A．cB．1．c 2．d 3．b 4．c 5．c 6、d 7．c 8．c 9．b10.d 11，d 12．cC．1．b 2．a 3．a 4．d 5．b 6．a 7．a 8．d 9．a 10．aFast Reading：1．b 2．c 3．c 4．d 5．b 6．c 7．b 8．a 9．c 10．c 11.d 12.d 13.d 14.d 15.bHome Reading：1．c 2．d 3．c 4．b 5．b 6．a 7．d 8．bUnit 4Text：A．cB．1．b 2．d 3．c 4．d 5．c 6．b 7．d 8．b 9．d 10．cC．1．a 2．a 3．b 4．d 5．a 6．d 7．b 8．d 9．c Fast Reading：1．c 2．c 3，d 4．a 5。

PET真题校园版1核心词汇--B1 Preliminary for Schools Trainers

一系列的；大量的
24 in1 - Reading Part 2
25 produce
v.生产
26 application
n.应用
27 publish
v.发布；出版
28 create
v.创造
29 poster
n.海报
第28⻚, 共183⻚
30 improve 31 share with 32 technique 33 material 34 pattern 35 basic 36 basis 37 offer 38 private 39 focus on 40 portrait 41 develop 42 whatever 43 one-to-one 44 imagination 45 software 46 folder 47 individual 48 accompany 49 digital 50 perhaps 51 require 52 technology 53 professional 54 designed 55 hand-printed 56 consider 57 further 58 simple method 59 cotton and silk 60 sew 61 experiment 62 research
挖出
117 explore
v.探索
118 site
n.地点
119 expect
v.期待
120 remove
v.移除
121 warn
v.警告
122 as soon as
一...就
123 clear
adj.清晰的
124 pieces of
一片片的
125 ancient pots

剑桥雅思真题14-阅读Test 1(附答案)

剑桥雅思真题14-阅读Test 1（附答案）READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.THE IMPORTANCE OF CHILDREN'S PLAYBrick by brick, six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom. Imagining fairy-tale turrets and fire-breathing dragons, wicked witches and gallant heroes, she's creating an enchanting world. Although she isn't aware of it, this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.Minutes later, Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother. When she bosses him around as his 'teacher', she's practising how to regulate her emotions through pretence. Later on, when they tire of this and settle down with a board game, she's learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.'Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,' says Dr David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge, UK. 'It underpins how we develop as intellectual, problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species.'Recognising the importance of play is not new: over two millennia ago, the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life, and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.But we live in changing times, and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play, pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities. 'The opportunities for free play, which I experienced almost every day of my childhood, are becoming increasingly scarce,' he says. Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic, as well as parents' increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime, and by the emphasis on 'earlier is better' which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children's right to play, and to consider implications for leisure facilities and educational programmes. But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on.'The type of play we are interested in is child-initiated, spontaneous and unpredictable - but, as soon as you ask a five-year-old "to play", then you as the researcher have intervened,' explains Dr Sara Baker. 'And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is. It's a real challenge.' Dr Jenny Gibson agrees, pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at, there is very little data on the impact it has on the child's later life.Now, thanks to the university's new Centre for Research on Play in Education, Development and Learning (PEDAL), Whitebread, Baker, Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops.'A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children's self-control,' explains Baker. 'This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking processes -it influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities.'In a study carried out by Baker with toddlers and young pre-schoolers, she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliarset-up requiring scientific reasoning. 'This sort of evidence makes us think that giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.' If playful experiences do facilitate this aspect of development, say the researchers, it could be extremely significant for educational practices, because the ability to self-regulate has been shown to be a key predictor of academic performance.Gibson adds: 'Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development. In my previous research, I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.'Whitebread's recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children's writing. 'Many primary school children find writing difficult, but we showed in a previous study that a playful stimulus was far more effective than an instructional one.' Children wrote longer and better structured stories when they first played with dolls representing characters in the story. In the latest study, children first created their story with Lego*, with similar results. 'Many teachers commented that they had always previously had children saying they didn't know what to write about. With the Lego building, however, not a single child said this through the whole year of the project.'Whitebread, who directs PEDAL, trained as a primary school teacher in the early 1970s, when, as he describes, 'the teaching of young children was largely a quiet backwater, untroubled by any serious intellectual debate or controversy.' Now, the landscape is very different, with hotly debated topics such as school starting age.'Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades. It's regarded as something trivial, or even as something negative that contrasts with "work". Let's not lose sight of its benefits, and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts, sciences and technology. Let's make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.'* Lego: coloured plastic building blocks and other pieces that can be joined together Questions 1-8Complete the notes below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the information,NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this9 Children with good self-control are known to be likely to do well at school later on.10 The way a child plays may provide information about possible medical problems.11 Playing with dolls was found to benefit girls' writing more than boys' writing.12 Children had problems thinking up ideas when they first created the story with Lego.13 People nowadays regard children's play as less significant than they did in the past.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The growth of bike-sharing schemes around the worldHow Dutch engineer Luud Schimmelpennink helped to devise urban bike-sharing schemesA The original idea for an urban bike-sharing scheme dates back to a summer's day in Amsterdam in 1965. Provo, the organisation that came up with the idea, was a group of Dutch activists who wanted to change society. They believed the scheme, which was known as the Witte Fietsenplan, was an answer to the perceived threats of air pollution and consumerism. In the centre of Amsterdam, they painted a small number of used bikes white. They also distributed leaflets describing the dangers of cars and inviting people to use the white bikes. The bikes were then left unlocked at various locations around the city, to be used by anyone in need of transport.B Luud Schimmelpennink, a Dutch industrial engineer who still lives and cycles in Amsterdam, was heavily involved in the original scheme. He recalls how the scheme succeeded in attracting a great deal of attention - particularly when it came to publicising Provo's aims - but struggled to get off the ground. The police were opposed to Provo's initiatives and almost as soon as the white bikes were distributed around the city, they removed them. However, for Schimmelpennink and for bike-sharing schemes in general, this was just the beginning. 'The first Witte Fietsenplan was just a symbolic thing,' he says. 'We painted a few bikes white, that was all. Things got more serious when I became a member of the Amsterdam city council two years later.'C Schimmelpennink seized this opportunity to present a more elaborate Witte Fietsenplan to the city council. 'My idea was that the municipality of Amsterdam would distribute 10,000 white bikes over the city, for everyone to use,' he explains.' I made serious calculations. It turned out that a white bicycle -per person, per kilometre -would cost the municipality only 10% of what it contributed to public transport per person per kilometre.' Nevertheless, the council unanimously rejected the plan. 'They said that the bicycle belongs to the past. They saw a glorious future for the car,' says Schimmelpennink. But he was not in the least discouraged.D Schimmelpennink never stopped believing in bike-sharing, and in the mid-90s, two Danes asked for his help to set up a system in Copenhagen. The result was the world's first large-scale bike-share programme. It worked on a deposit: 'You dropped a coin in the bike and when you returned it, you got your money back.' After setting up the Danish system, Schimmelpennink decided to try his luck again in the Netherlands -and this time he succeeded in arousing the interest of the Dutch Ministry of Transport. 'Times had changed,' he recalls. 'People had become more environmentally conscious, and the Danish experiment had proved that bike-sharing was areal possibility.' A new Witte Fietsenplan was launched in 1999 in Amsterdam. However, riding a white bike was no longer free; it cost one guilder per trip and payment was made with a chip card developed by the Dutch bank Postbank. Schimmelpennink designed conspicuous, sturdy white bikes locked in special racks which could be opened with the chip card - the plan started with 250 bikes, distributed over five stations.E Theo Molenaar, who was a system designer for the project, worked alongside Schimmelpennink. 'I remember when we were testing the bike racks, he announced that he had already designed better ones. But of course, we had to go through with the ones we had.' The system, however, was prone to vandalism and theft. 'After every weekend there would always be a couple of bikes missing,' Molenaar says. 'I really have no idea what people did with them, because they could instantly be recognised as white bikes.' But the biggest blow came when Postbank decided to abolish the chip card, because it wasn't profitable. 'That chip card was pivotal to the system,' Molenaar says. 'To continue the project we would have needed to set up another system, but the business partner had lost interest.'F Schimmelpennink was disappointed, but - characteristically - not for long. In 2002 he got a call from the French advertising corporation JC Decaux, who wanted to set up his bike-sharing scheme in Vienna. 'That went really well. After Vienna, they set up a system in Lyon. Then in 2007, Paris followed. That was a decisive moment in the history of bike-sharing.' The huge and unexpected success of the Parisian bike-sharing programme, which now boasts more than 20,000 bicycles, inspired cities all over the world to set up their own schemes, all modelled on Schimmelpennink's. 'It's wonderful that this happened,' he says. 'But financially I didn't really benefit from it, because I never filed for a patent.'G In Amsterdam today 38% of all trips are made by bike and, along with Copenhagen, it is regarded as one of the two most cycle-friendly capitals in the world -but the city never got another Witte Fietsenplan. Molenaar believes this may be because everybody in Amsterdam already has a bike. Schimmelpennink, however, cannot see that this changes Amsterdam's need for a bike-sharing scheme. 'People who travel on the underground don't carry their bikes around. But often they need additional transport to reach their final destination.' Although he thinks it is strange that a city like Amsterdam does not have a successful bike-sharing scheme, he is optimistic about the future. 'In the '60s we didn't stand a chance because people were prepared to give their lives to keep cars in the city. But that mentality has totally changed. Today everybody longs for cities that are not dominated by cars.'Questions 14-18Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14 a description of how people misused a bike-sharing scheme15 an explanation of why a proposed bike-sharing scheme was turned down16 a reference to a person being unable to profit from their work17 an explanation of the potential savings a bike-sharing scheme would bring18 a reference to the problems a bike-sharing scheme was intended to solveQuestions 19 and 20Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 19 and 20 on your answer sheet.Which TWO of the following statements are made in the text about the Amsterdam bike-sharing scheme of 1999?A It was initially opposed by a government department.B It failed when a partner in the scheme withdrew support.C It aimed to be more successful than the Copenhagen scheme.D It was made possible by a change in people's attitudes.E It attracted interest from a range of bike designers.Questions 21 and 22Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 21 and 22 on your answer sheet.Which TWO of the following statements are made in the text about Amsterdam today?A The majority of residents would like to prevent all cars from entering the city.B There is little likelihood of the city having another bike-sharing scheme.C More trips in the city are made by bike than by any other form of transport.D A bike-sharing scheme would benefit residents who use public transport.E The city has a reputation as a place that welcomes cyclists.Questions 23-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.The first urban bike-sharing schemeThe first bike-sharing scheme was the idea of the Dutch group Provo. The people who belonged to this group were 23 ________ . They were concerned about damage to the environment and about 24 ________, and believed that the bike-sharing scheme would draw attention to these issues. As well as painting some bikes white, they handed out 25 ________ that condemned the use of cars.However, the scheme was not a great success: almost as quickly as Provo left the bikes around the city, the 26 ________ took them away. According to Schimmelpennink, the scheme was intended to be symbolic. The idea was to get people thinking about the issues.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Motivational factors and the hospitality industryA critical ingredient in the success of hotels is developing and maintaining superior performance from their employees. How is that accomplished? What Human Resource Management (HRM) practices should organizations invest in to acquire and retain great employees?Some hotels aim to provide superior working conditions for their employees. The idea originated from workplaces -usually in the non-service sector -that emphasized fun and enjoyment as part of work-life balance. By contrast, the service sector, and more specifically hotels, has traditionally not extended these practices to address basic employee needs, such as good working conditions.Pfeffer (1994) emphasizes that in order to succeed in a global business environment,organizations must make investment in Human Resource Management (HRM) to allow them to acquire employees who possess better skills and capabilities than their competitors. This investment will be to their competitive advantage. Despite this recognition of the importance of employee development, the hospitality industry has historically been dominated by underdeveloped HR practices (Lucas, 2002).Lucas also points out that 'the substance of HRM practices does not appear to be designed to foster constructive relations with employees or to represent a managerial approach that enables developing and drawing out the full potential of people, even though employees may be broadly satisfied with many aspects of their work' (Lucas, 2002). In addition, or maybe as a result, high employee turnover has been a recurring problem throughout the hospitality industry. Among the many cited reasons are low compensation, inadequate benefits, poor working conditions and compromised employee morale and attitudes (Maroudas et al., 2008).Ng and Sorensen (2008) demonstrated that when managers provide recognition to employees, motivate employees to work together, and remove obstacles preventing effective performance, employees feel more obligated to stay with the company. This was succinctly summarized by Michel et al. (2013): '[P]roviding support to employees gives them the confidence to perform their jobs better and the motivation to stay with the organization.' Hospitality organizations can therefore enhance employee motivation and retention through the development and improvement of their working conditions. These conditions are inherently linked to the working environment.While it seems likely that employees' reactions to their job characteristics could be affected by a predisposition to view their work environment negatively, no evidence exists to support this hypothesis (Spector et al., 2000). However, given the opportunity, many people will find something to complain about in relation to their workplace (Poulston, 2009). There is a strong link between the perceptions of employees and particular factors of their work environment that are separate from the work itself, including company policies, salary and vacations.Such conditions are particularly troubling for the luxury hotel market, where high-quality service, requiring a sophisticated approach to HRM, is recognized as a critical source of competitive advantage (Maroudas et al., 2008). In a real sense, the services of hotel employees represent their industry (Schneider and Bowen, 1993). This representation has commonly been limited to guest experiences. This suggests that there has been a dichotomy between the guest environment provided in luxury hotels and the working conditions of their employees.It is therefore essential for hotel management to develop HRM practices that enable them to inspire and retain competent employees. This requires an understanding of what motivates employees at different levels of management and different stages of their careers (Enz and Siguaw, 2000). This implies that it is beneficial for hotel managers to understand what practices are most favorable to increase employee satisfaction and retention.Herzberg (1966) proposes that people have two major types of needs, the first being extrinsic motivation factors relating to the context in which work is performed, rather than the work itself. These include working conditions and job security. When these factors are unfavorable, job dissatisfaction may result. Significantly, though, just fulfilling these needs does not result in satisfaction, but only in the reduction of dissatisfaction (Maroudas et al., 2008).Employees also have intrinsic motivation needs or motivators, which include such factors as achievement and recognition. Unlike extrinsic factors, motivator factors may ideally result in job satisfaction (Maroudas et al., 2008). Herzberg's (1966) theory discusses the need for a 'balance' ofthese two types of needs.The impact of fun as a motivating factor at work has also been explored. For example, Tews, Michel and Stafford (2013) conducted a study focusing on staff from a chain of themed restaurants in the United States. It was found that fun activities had a favorable impact on performance and manager support for fun had a favorable impact in reducing turnover. Their findings support the view that fun may indeed have a beneficial effect, but the framing of that fun must be carefully aligned with both organizational goals and employee characteristics. 'Managers must learn how to achieve the delicate balance of allowing employees the freedom to enjoy themselves at work while simultaneously maintaining high levels of performance' (Tews et al., 2013).Deery (2008) has recommended several actions that can be adopted at the organizational level to retain good staff as well as assist in balancing work and family life. Those particularly appropriate to the hospitality industry include allowing adequate breaks during the working day, staff functions that involve families, and providing health and well-being opportunities. Questions 27-31Look at the following statements (Questions 27-31) and the fist of researchers below.Match each statement with the correct researcher, A-F.Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.27 Hotel managers need to know what would encourage good staff to remain.28 The actions of managers may make staff feel they shouldn't move to a different employer.29 Little is done in the hospitality industry to help workers improve their skills.30 Staff are less likely to change jobs if co-operation is encouraged.Questions 32-35Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this32 One reason for high staff turnover in the hospitality industry is poor morale.33 Research has shown that staff have a tendency to dislike their workplace.34 An improvement in working conditions and job security makes staff satisfied with theirjobs.35 Staff should be allowed to choose when they take breaks during the working day. Questions 36-40Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet.Fun at workTews, Michel and Stafford carried out research on staff in an American chain of 36 ________.They discovered that activities designed for staff to have fun improved their 37 ________, and that management involvement led to lower staff 38 ________. They also found that the activities needed to fit with both the company's 39 ________ and the 40 ________ of the staff. A balance was required between a degree of freedom and maintaining work standards.参考答案1 creativity2 rules3 cities4&5 IN EITHER ORDERtrafficcrime6 competition7 evidence8 life9 TRUE10 TRUE11 NOT GIVEN12 FALSE13 TRUE14 E15 C16 F17 C18 A19&20 IN EITHER ORDERBD21&22 IN EITHER ORDERDE23 activists24 consumerism25 leaflets26 police27 E28 D29 B30 D31 C32 YES33 NO34 NO35 NOT GIVEN36 restaurants37 performance38 turnover39 goals40 characteristics。

剑桥雅思真题13-阅读Test 1(附答案)

剑桥雅思真题13-阅读Test 1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Case Study: Tourism New Zealand websiteNew Zealand is a small country of four million inhabitants, a long-haul flight from all the major tourist-generating markets of the world. Tourism currently makes up 9% of the country's gross domestic product, and is the country's largest export sector. Unlike other export sectors, which make products and then sell them overseas, tourism brings its customers to New Zealand. The product is the country itself - the people, the places and the experiences. In 1999, Tourism New Zealand launched a campaign to communicate a new brand position to the world. The campaign focused on New Zealand's scenic beauty, exhilarating outdoor activities and authentic Maori culture, and it made New Zealand one of the strongest national brands in the world.A key feature of the campaign was the website , which provided potential visitors to New Zealand with a single gateway to everything the destination had to offer. The heart of the website was a database of tourism services operators, both those based in New Zealand and those based abroad which offered tourism services to the country. Any tourism-related business could be listed by filling in a simple form. This meant that even the smallest bed and breakfast address or specialist activity provider could gain a web presence with access to an audience of long-haul visitors. In addition, because participating businesses were able to update the details they gave on a regular basis, the information provided remained accurate. And to maintain and improve standards, Tourism New Zealand organised a scheme whereby organisations appearing on the website underwent an independent evaluation against a set of agreed national standards of quality. As part of this, the effect of each business on the environment was considered.To communicate the New Zealand experience, the site also carried features relating to famous people and places. One of the most popular was an interview with former New Zealand All Blacks rugby captain Tana Umaga. Another feature that attracted a lot of attention was an interactive journey through a number of the locations chosen for blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand's stunning scenery as a backdrop. As the site developed, additional features were added to help independent travellers devise their own customised itineraries. To make it easier to plan motoring holidays, the site catalogued the most popular driving routes in the country, highlighting different routes according to the season and indicating distances and times.Later, a Travel Planner feature was added, which allowed visitors to click and 'bookmark' places or attractions they were interested in, and then view the results on a map. The Travel Planner offered suggested routes and public transport options between the chosen locations. There were also links to accommodation in the area. By registering with the website, users could save their Travel Plan and return to it later, or print it out to take on the visit. The website also had a 'Your Words' section where anyone could submit a blog of their New Zealand travels for possible inclusion on the website.The Tourism New Zealand website won two Webby awards for online achievement and innovation. More importantly perhaps, the growth of tourism to New Zealand was impressive. Overall tourismexpenditure increased by an average of 6.9% per year between 1999 and 2004. From Britain, visits to New Zealand grew at an average annual rate of 13% between 2002 and 2006, compared to a rate of 4% overall for British visits abroad.The website was set up to allow both individuals and travel organisations to create itineraries and travel packages to suit their own needs and interests. On the website, visitors can search for activities not solely by geographical location, but also by the particular nature of the activity. This is important as research shows that activities are the key driver of visitor satisfaction, contributing 74% to visitor satisfaction, while transport and accommodation account for the remaining 26%. The more activities that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be. It has also been found that visitors undertake, the more satisfied they will be. It has also been found that visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive, such as visiting a marae (meeting ground) to learn about traditional Maori life. Many long-haul travellers enjoy such learning experiences, which provide them with stories to take home to their friends and family. In addition, it appears that visitors to New Zealand don't want to be 'one of the crowd' and find activities that involve only a few people more special and meaningful.It could be argued that New Zealand is not a typical destination. New Zealand is a small country with a visitor economy composed mainly of small businesses. It is generally perceived as a safe English-speaking country with a reliable transport infrastructure. Because of the long-haul flight, most visitors stay for longer (average 20 days) and want to see as much of the country as possible on what is often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime visit. However, the underlying lessons apply anywhere -the effectiveness of a strong brand, a strategy based on unique experiences and a comprehensive and user-friendly website.Questions 1-7Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this8. The website aimed to provide ready-made itineraries and packages for travel companies and individual tourists.9. It was found that most visitors started searching on the website by geographical location.10. According to research, 26% of visitor satisfaction is related to their accommodation.11. Visitors to New Zealand like to become involved in the local culture.12. Visitors like staying in small hotels in New Zealand rather than in larger ones.13. Many visitors feel it is unlikely that they will return to New Zealand after their visit.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Why being bored is stimulating - and useful, tooThis most common of emotions is turning out to be more interesting than we thoughtA We all know how it feels - it's impossible to keep your mind on anything, time stretches out, and all the things you could do seem equally unlikely to make you feel better. But defining boredom so that it can be studied in the lab has proved difficult. For a start, it can include a lot of other mental states, such as frustration, apathy, depression and indifference. There isn't even agreement over whether boredom is always a low-energy, flat kind of emotion or whether feeling agitated and restless counts as boredom, too. In his book, Boredom: A Lively History, Peter Toohey at the University of Calgary, Canada, compares it to disgust - an emotion that motivates us to stay away from certain situations. 'If disgust protects humans from infection, boredom may protect them from ''infectious'' social situations,' he suggests.B By asking people about their experiences of boredom, Thomas Goetz and his team at the University of Konstanz in Germany have recently identified five distinct types: indifferent, calibrating, searching, reactant and apathetic. These can be plotted on two axes - one running left to right, which measures low to high arousal, and the other from top to bottom, which measures how positive or negative the feeling is. Intriguingly, Goetz has found that while people experience all kinds of boredom, they tend to specialise in one. Of the five types, the most damaging is 'reactant' boredom with its explosive combination of high arousal and negative emotion. The most useful is what Goetz calls 'indifferent' boredom: someone isn't engaged in anything satisfying but still feels relaxed and calm. However, it remains to be seen whether there are any character traits that predict the kind of boredom each of us might be prone to.C Psychologist Sandi Mann at the University of Central Lancashire, UK, goes further. 'All emotions are there for a reason, including boredom,' she says. Mann has found that being bored makes us more creative. 'We're all afraid of being bored but in actual fact it can lead to all kinds of amazing things,' she says. In experiments published last year, Mann found that people who had been made to feel bored by copying numbers out of the phone book for 15 minutes came up withmore creative ideas about how to use a polystyrene cup than a control group. Mann concluded that a passive, boring activity is best for creativity because it allows the mind to wander in fact, she goes so far as to (suggest that we should seek out more boredom in our lives.D Psychologist John Eastwood at York University in Toronto, Canada, isn't convinced. 'If you are in a state of mind-wandering you are not bored,' he says. 'In my view, by definition boredom is an undesirable state.' That doesn't necessarily mean that it isn't adaptive, he adds. 'Pain is adaptive - if we didn't have physical pain, bad things would happen to us. Does that mean that we should actively cause pain? No. But even if boredom has evolved to help us survive, it can still be toxic if allowed to fester.' For Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is a failure to put our 'attention system' into gear. This causes an inability to focus on anything, which makes time seem to go painfully slowly. What's more, your efforts to improve the situation can end up making you feel worse. 'People try to connect with the world and if they are not successful there's that frustration and irritability,' he says. Perhaps most worryingly, says Eastwood, repeatedly failing to engage attention can lead to a state where we don't know what to do any more, and no longer care.E Eastwood's team is now trying to explore why the attention system fails. It's early days but they think that at least some of it comes down to personality. Boredom proneness has been linked with a variety of traits. People who are motivated by pleasure seem to suffer particularly badly. Other personality traits, such as curiosity, are associated with a high boredom threshold. More evidence that boredom has detrimental effects comes from studies of people who are more or less prone to boredom. It seems those who bore easily face poorer prospects in education, their career and even life in general. But of course, boredom itself cannot kill - it's the things we do to deal with it that may put us in danger. What can we do to alleviate it before it comes to that? Goetz's group has one suggestion. Working with teenagers, they found that those who 'approach' a boring situation - in other words, see that it's boring and get stuck in anyway - report less boredom than those who try to avoid it by using snacks, TV or social media for distraction.F Psychologist Francoise Wemelsfelder speculates that our over-connected lifestyles might even be a new source of boredom. 'In modern human society there is a lot of overstimulation but still a lot of problems finding meaning,' she says. So instead of seeking yet more mental stimulation, perhaps we should leave our phones alone, and use boredom to motivate us to engage with the world in a more meaningful way.Questions 14-19Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, A-H, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.14Paragraph A15Paragraph B16 Paragraph C17 Paragraph D18Paragraph E19Paragraph FQuestions 20-23Look at the following people (Questions 20-23) and the list of ideas below.Match each person with the correct idea, A-E.Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 20-23 on your answer sheet.20Peter Toohey21 Thomas Goetz22John Eastwood23Francoise WemelsfelderQuestions 24-26Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.Responses to boredomFor John Eastwood, the central feature of boredom is that people cannot 24 …………, due to a failure in what he calls the 'attention system', and as a result they become frustrated and irritable. His team suggests that those for whom 25 ………… is an important aim in life may have problems in coping with boredom, whereas those who have the characteristic of 26 ………… can generally cope with it.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Artificial artistsCan computers really create works of art?The Painting Fool is one of a growing number of computer programs which, so their makers claim, possess creative talents. Classical music by an artificial composer has had audiences enraptured, and even tricked them into believing a human was behind the score. Artworks painted by a robothave sold for thousands of dollars and been hung in prestigious galleries. And software has been built which creates art that could not have been imagined by the programmer.Human beings are the only species to perform sophisticated creative acts regularly. If we can break this process down into computer code, where does that leave human creativity? 'This is a question at the very core of humanity, ' says Geraint Wiggins, a computational creativity researcher at Goldsmiths, University of London. 'It scares a lot of people. They are worried that it is taking something special away from what it means to be human.'To some extent, we are all familiar with computerised art. The question is: where does the work of the artist stop and the creativity of the computer begin? Consider one of the oldest machine artists, Aaron, a robot that has had paintings exhibited in London's Tate Modern and the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Aaron can pick up a paintbrush and paint on canvas on its own. Impressive perhaps, but it is still little more than a tool to realise the programmer's own creative ideas.Simon Colton, the designer of the Painting Fool, is keen to make sure his creation doesn't attract the same criticism. Unlike earlier 'artists' such as Aaron, the Painting Fool only needs minimal direction and can come up with its own concepts by going online for material. The software runs its own web searches and trawls through social media sites. It is now beginning to display a kind of imagination too, creating pictures from scratch. One of its original works is a series of fuzzy landscapes, depicting trees and sky. While some might say they have a mechanical look, Colton argues that such reactions arise from people's double standards towards software-produced and human-produced art. After all, he says, consider that the Painting Fool painted the landscapes without referring to a photo. 'If a child painted a new scene from its head, you'd say it has a certain level of imagination, ' he points out. 'The same should be true of a machine.' Software bugs can also lead to unexpected results. Some of the Painting Fool's paintings of a chair came out in black and white, thanks to a technical glitch. This gives the work an eerie, ghostlike quality. Human artists like the renowned Ellsworth Kelly are lauded for limiting their colour palette -so why should computers be any different?Researchers like Colton don't believe it is right to measure machine creativity directly to that of humans who 'have had millennia to develop our skills'. Others, though, are fascinated by the prospect that a computer might create something as original and subtle as our best artists. So far, only one has come close. Composer David Cope invented a program called Experiments in Musical Intelligence, or EMI. Not only did EMI create compositions in Cope's style, but also that of the most revered classical composers, including Bach, Chopin and Mozart. Audiences were moved to tears, and EMI even fooled classical music experts into thinking they were hearing genuine Bach. Not everyone was impressed however. Some, such as Wiggins, have blasted Cope's work as pseudoscience, and condemned him for his deliberately vague explanation of how the software worked. Meanwhile, Douglas Hofstadter of Indiana University said EMI created replicas which still rely completely on the original artist's creative impulses. When audiences found out the truth they were often outraged with Cope, and one music lover even tried to punch him. Amid such controversy, Cope destroyed EMI's vital databases.But why did so many people love the music, yet recoil when they discovered how it was composed? A study by computer scientist David Moffat of Glasgow Caledonian University provides a clue. He asked both expert musicians and non-experts to assess six compositions. The participants weren't told beforehand whether the tunes were composed by humans or computers,but were asked to guess, and then rate how much they liked each one. People who thought the composer was a computer tended to dislike the piece more than those who believed it was human. This was true even among the experts, who might have been expected to be more objective in their analyses.Where does this prejudice come from? Paul Bloom of Yale University has a suggestion: he reckons part of the pleasure we get from art stems from the creative process behind the work. This can give it an 'irresistible essence', says Bloom. Meanwhile, experiments by Justin Kruger of New York University have shown that people's enjoyment of an artwork increases if they think more time and effort was needed to create it. Similarly, Colton thinks that when people experience art, they wonder what the artist might have been thinking or what the artist is trying to tell them. It seems obvious, therefore, that with computers producing art, this speculation is cut short - there's nothing to explore. But as technology becomes increasingly complex, finding those greater depths in computer art could become possible. This is precisely why Colton asks the Painting Fool to tap into online social networks for its inspiration: hopefully this way it will choose themes that will already be meaningful to us.Questions 27-31Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.27 What is the writer suggesting about computer-produced works in the first paragraph?A People's acceptance of them can vary considerably.B A great deal of progress has already been attained in this field.C They have had more success in some artistic genres than in others.D The advances are not as significant as the public believes them to be.28 According to Geraint Wiggins, why are many people worried by computer art?A It is aesthetically inferior to human art.B It may ultimately supersede human art.C It undermines a fundamental human quality.D It will lead to a deterioration in human ability.29 What is a key difference between Aaron and the Painting Fool?A its programmer's backgroundB public response to its workC the source of its subject matterD the technical standard of its output30 What point does Simon Colton make in the fourth paragraph?A Software-produced art is often dismissed as childish and simplistic.B The same concepts of creativity should not be applied to all forms of art.C It is unreasonable to expect a machine to be as imaginative as a human being.D People tend to judge computer art and human art according to different criteria.31 The writer refers to the paintings of a chair as an example of computer art whichA achieves a particularly striking effect.B exhibits a certain level of genuine artistic skill.C closely resembles that of a well-known artist.D highlights the technical limitations of the software.Questions 32-37Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G below.Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 32-37 on your answer sheet.32 Simon Colton says it is important to consider the long-term view when33 David Cope's EMI software surprised people by34 Geraint Wiggins criticised Cope for not35 Douglas Hofstadter claimed that EMI was36 Audiences who had listened to EMI's music became angry after37 The participants in David Moffat's study had to assess music withoutDo the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this38 Moffat's research may help explain people's reactions to EMI.39 The non-experts in Moffat's study all responded in a predictable way.40 Justin Kruger's findings cast doubt on Paul Bloom's theory about people's prejudice towards computer art.参考答案1 update2 environment3 captain4 films5 season6 accommodation7 blog8 FALSE9 NOT GIVEN10 FALSE11 TRUE12 NOT GIVEN13 TRUE14 iv15 vi16 i17 v18 viii19 iii20 E21 B22 D23 A24 focus25 pleasure26 curiosity27 B28 C29 C30 D31 A32 D33 A34 E35 C36 G37 B38 YES39 NOT GIVEN40 NO。

牛津译林英语九年级上册Unit1Reading 1

Unit 1 Know yourself
Reading
contents
Learn the new by restudying the old Words Reading
Language points Exercise Test
Let’s discuss
Learn the new by restudying the old
“Wu Wei is a born artist,” said his best friend.“He’s quiet and doesn’t like to talk much, but his works shout!” Wu Wei, the young artist, has impressed the whole country with his creative work. His sculptures for the town square have won high praise from the art community. “I want to share the best art with people, so I’m always searching for something better or different. This in itself is great fun,”he said.
race between …之间的竞赛 e.g. 十四中的6个学生报名参加了赛跑。
Six students from No. 14 Middle School entered for the race.
paragraph 2
3. You either take the leva. d onr. fall behind. （1）[解析] 处于领先地位 [短语] under the lead of 在…的领导下 e.g.日本在汽车生产中居首位。

英语一阅读分题型归类,解题方法

英语一阅读分题型归类，解题方法全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Types and Strategies for Answering Reading Comprehension Questions in EnglishReading comprehension is a crucial component of the English language, as it allows individuals to grasp the meaning of written text and interpret it effectively. When it comes to the English language exam, especially for non-native speakers, the reading section can be challenging. In order to excel in this section, it is important to understand the different types of reading comprehension questions and the strategies to tackle them effectively.Types of Reading Comprehension Questions1. Multiple Choice Questions: In this type of question, you are provided with a passage followed by a series of questions where you have to choose the correct answer from the given options. These questions can test your understanding of the main idea, details, inferences, and author's purpose.2. True/False Questions: These questions require you to determine whether the statements given based on the passage are true or false. It is important to pay close attention to the details in the passage to accurately answer these questions.3. Fill in the Blanks Questions: In this type of question, a passage is provided with missing words that you need to fill in with the correct word or phrase. These questions test your vocabulary and understanding of contextual clues.4. Matching Questions: These questions require you to match items or statements from one column with those from another column based on information provided in the passage. Pay attention to the relationships between the items to answer these questions correctly.5. Summary Questions: These questions require you to summarize the main idea or theme of the passage in a few sentences. It is important to identify the key points and main argument of the passage to answer these questions accurately.Strategies for Tackling Reading Comprehension Questions1. Skim the Passage: Before diving into the questions, take a quick look at the passage to get an idea of the main topic andstructure. This will help you understand the context and locate specific information more easily.2. Read the Questions Carefully: Pay close attention to the instructions and question types to understand what is being asked. Look for keywords or phrases that can guide you in finding the relevant information in the passage.3. Scan for Answers: When answering the questions, scan the passage for keywords or related information that can help you find the correct answer. Be careful not to spend too much time on a single question and move on if you are unsure.4. Eliminate Incorrect Options: In multiple-choice questions, eliminate options that are clearly incorrect to increase your chances of choosing the correct answer. Look for clues in the passage that support or refute each option.5. Use Contextual Clues: When filling in the blanks or answering questions that require inference, rely on the context of the passage to make educated guesses. Pay attention to the tone, style, and structure of the text to understand the meaning.6. Practice Regularly: The more you practice reading comprehension questions, the better you will become at understanding the nuances of the English language andinterpreting written text effectively. A wide range of practice materials can help you improve your reading skills.In conclusion, the key to excelling in the reading comprehension section of English language exams lies in understanding the different types of questions and employing effective strategies to tackle them. By practicing regularly and refining your skills, you can improve your ability to comprehend and analyze written text, ultimately leading to success in the exam.篇2Types of Reading Comprehension Questions in EnglishReading comprehension is an essential skill that students need to develop in order to succeed in their academic and professional lives. When it comes to taking English exams, there are various types of reading comprehension questions that students may encounter. In this article, we will discuss the different types of reading comprehension questions and provide tips on how to effectively answer them.Types of Reading Comprehension Questions1. Main IdeaMain idea questions ask you to identify the central theme or main point of a passage. You need to understand what the author is trying to convey and summarize it in your own words.Example question: What is the main idea of the passage?2. Supporting DetailsSupporting details questions require you to identify specific information or examples that support the main idea of the passage. You need to pay attention to details and find evidence in the text to back up your answers.Example question: Which sentence provides evidence for the author's argument?3. InferenceInference questions ask you to make logical deductions based on the information provided in the passage. You need to read between the lines and draw conclusions that are not explicitly stated in the text.Example question: What can you infer about the character's feelings from the passage?4. PurposePurpose questions require you to determine why the author wrote the passage and what message they are trying to convey. You need to understand the author's intentions and the overall goal of the text.Example question: Why did the author write this passage?5. ToneTone questions ask you to determine the author's attitude or emotional stance towards the subject matter. You need to identify the tone of the passage and how it affects the overall meaning.Example question: What is the tone of the passage?6. VocabularyVocabulary questions require you to understand the meaning of specific words or phrases in the passage. You need to use context clues to determine the definitions of unfamiliar words.Example question: What does the word "benevolent" mean in this context?7. StructureStructure questions ask you to analyze the organization and structure of the passage. You need to identify the main components of the text, such as introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.Example question: How is the passage organized?8. Author's Point of ViewAuthor's point of view questions ask you to identify the author's perspective on the subject matter. You need to consider the author's background, beliefs, and biases when analyzing their point of view.Example question: What is the author's attitude towards technology?Tips for Answering Reading Comprehension Questions1. Read the passage carefullyBefore attempting to answer the questions, make sure to read the entire passage carefully. Pay attention to the main idea, supporting details, and the author's tone and perspective.2. Look for keywordsWhen answering specific questions, look for keywords or key phrases in the question that can help you locate the relevant information in the passage.3. Use context cluesIf you come across unfamiliar words or phrases, use context clues to determine their meanings. Look for surrounding words or sentences that can help you understand the context.4. Eliminate wrong answersIf you are unsure about a question, try to eliminate obviously wrong answers first. This can help you narrow down your choices and increase your chances of selecting the correct answer.5. Practice regularlyThe more you practice reading comprehension questions, the better you will become at identifying key information and answering accurately. Make sure to practice different types of questions to improve your skills.In conclusion, mastering reading comprehension questions in English requires practice, attention to detail, and critical thinking skills. By familiarizing yourself with the different types of questions and following the tips provided, you can improve your ability to comprehend and analyze written texts effectively.篇3English Reading Comprehension Types Classification and Solving MethodsIntroductionReading comprehension is an important aspect of the English language proficiency test, and there are different types of questions that examinees may encounter during the test. Understanding the classification of reading comprehension questions and applying appropriate solving methods can help test takers improve their performance and achieve better results. In this document, we will discuss the various types of reading comprehension questions and provide strategies for solving them effectively.Types of Reading Comprehension Questions1. Main Idea Questions:These questions ask test takers to identify the central theme or main point of a passage. Solving these questions involves identifying key words or phrases that convey the main idea of the text. Look for recurring themes or ideas throughout the passage to determine the central message.2. Detail Questions:Detail questions require test takers to identify specific information or facts from the passage. Solving these questions involves carefully reading the passage and locating the relevant details. Pay attention to names, dates, numbers, and other specific information that may be asked in the question.3. Inference Questions:Inference questions require test takers to draw conclusions or make educated guesses based on the information provided in the passage. Solving these questions involves analyzing the text and making logical deductions based on the evidence presented. Look for clues or hints in the passage that can help you infer the correct answer.4. Vocabulary Questions:Vocabulary questions test the test taker's understanding of the meaning of words or phrases used in the passage. Solving these questions involves using context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. Look for surrounding words or phrases that can help you understand the intended meaning of the vocabulary in question.5. Purpose Questions:Purpose questions ask test takers to identify the author's intention or motive behind writing the passage. Solving these questions involves understanding the tone, style, and overall message of the text. Consider why the author chose to write the passage and what they hope to achieve with it.6. Tone and Attitude Questions:Tone and attitude questions require test takers to identify the author's emotional stance or tone towards the subject matter. Solving these questions involves paying attention to the language, style, and word choice used in the passage. Consider the author's tone, mood, and attitude towards the topic to determine the correct answer.7. Rhetorical Structure Questions:Rhetorical structure questions ask test takers to identify the organization and structure of the passage. Solving these questions involves understanding how the passage is structured, including the introduction, body, and conclusion. Look for transitions, logical progressions, and patterns in the text to determine the rhetorical structure.Solving Methods for Reading Comprehension Questions1. Read the Passage Carefully:Before attempting to answer any questions, it is important to read the entire passage carefully. Pay attention to the main idea, organization, and key points of the text. Understanding the passage as a whole can help you answer questions more accurately.2. Identify Key Information:As you read the passage, identify key information such as main ideas, supporting details, and key vocabulary. Mark or underline important information that may be relevant to answering questions later on. This can help you locate specific information quickly when needed.3. Pay Attention to Question Phrasing:Carefully read each question and pay attention to the phrasing and wording used. Look for keywords or clues that can help you understand what is being asked. Consider the context and tone of the question to determine the correct answer.4. Eliminate Incorrect Options:When choosing an answer, eliminate any options that are clearly incorrect. Pay attention to details, logic, and relevance when considering each option. Cross out answers that do not align with the information provided in the passage.5. Use Process of Elimination:If you are unsure about an answer, use the process of elimination to narrow down your options. Eliminate choices that are unlikely or do not fit the context of the passage. This can increase your chances of selecting the correct answer.6. Review and Double-Check:Before submitting your answers, take some time to review your responses and double-check for any errors. Make sure that your answers are supported by evidence from the passage and that you have answered all questions accurately. Correct any mistakes or misunderstandings before submitting your test.ConclusionMastering the different types of reading comprehension questions and applying appropriate solving methods can help test takers improve their performance on English language proficiency tests. By understanding the classification of questions and using effective strategies, examinees can increase their chances of success and achieve better results. Practice reading passages, answering questions, and applying solving methods to enhance your reading comprehension skills and excel in your English language proficiency test.。

人教版新目标英语九年级Unit1阅读理解

人教版新目标英语九年级Unit1阅读理解
本文档是关于人教版新目标英语九年级Unit1阅读理解的详细介绍。

简介
新目标英语是一套适用于中小学生研究英语的教材系列，其中九年级Unit1是该系列的一个单元。

内容
Unit1的阅读理解部分主要涵盖以下内容：
1. 文章题材：该部分的文章涉及各种主题，如个人经历、社交媒体、旅行体验等，通过阅读这些文章，学生可以了解不同的话题和观点。

2. 阅读技巧：在该部分中，学生将研究一些阅读技巧，如如何推测词义、理解上下文等。

这些技巧有助于提高学生的阅读能力和理解能力。

3. 练题：每篇文章后面都会有相关的练题，学生可以通过解答这些问题来检验对文章的理解程度。

这些练题包括选择题、填空题等，有助于巩固所学知识。

目标
通过研究Unit1的阅读理解部分，学生应达到以下目标：
1. 提高阅读理解能力：通过阅读不同类型的文章，学生可以提高自己的阅读理解能力，包括理解文章主旨、推测词义、抓住关键信息等。

2. 拓宽知识面：通过了解不同的主题和观点，学生可以拓宽自己的知识面，了解更多的文化和社会现象。

3. 掌握阅读技巧：通过研究阅读技巧，学生可以提高自己的阅读效率和准确性，更好地理解和应用所读文章。

结论
人教版新目标英语九年级Unit1阅读理解部分是一门重要的研究内容，通过研究该部分，学生可以提高自己的阅读理解能力，扩大自己的知识面，并掌握一些实用的阅读技巧。

希望学生能够积极参与研究，取得良好的研究效果。

以上是关于人教版新目标英语九年级Unit1阅读理解的文档，谢谢阅读！。

Amipnga剑桥雅思1-6阅读真题全接触讲解

Amipnga剑桥雅思1-6阅读真题全接触讲解Time will pierce the surface or youth, will be on the beauty of the ditch dug a shallow groove ; Jane will eat rare!A born beauty, anything to escape his sickle sweep.-- Shakespeare剑桥雅思1-6阅读真题全接触作者：凯哥凯哥花了点时间把到目前为止的剑桥雅思系列A类试题的标题及其内容做了以下总结希望对大家有用处！剑桥雅思1Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4Reading Passage 1 A spark, a flint: How fire leapt to life Right and left-handedness in humans SPOKEN CORPUS COMES TO LIFE GLASS CAPTURING THE DANCE OF LIGHT Reading Passage 2 Zoo conservation programmes MIGRATORY BEEKEEPING Moles happy as homes go underground Why some women cross the finish line ahead of men Reading Passage 3 ARCHITECTURE�Creaching for the sky TOURISM A Workaholic Economy Population viability analysis剑桥雅思2 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Reading Passage 1 AIRPORTS ON WATER Implementing the cycle of success: a case study Absenteeism in nursing: a longitudinal study Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping Reading Passage 2 Changing our Understanding of Health NO TITLE (Language barriers) Reading Passage 3 CHILDREN’S THINKING What is a Port City? THE MOTOR CAR NO TITLE (The harm that picture books can cause)THE KEYLESS SOCIETY Test 4 IN SEARCH OF THE HOLY GRAIL 剑桥雅思3 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Reading Passage 1 THE ROCKET�CFROM EAST TO WEST A Remarkable Beetle THE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGRAPHY NO TITLE (Air pollution and motor vehicles) Reading Passage 2 The Risk of Cigarette Smoke NO TITLE (Environmental management) Secrets of the Forest Reading Passage 3 THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD THE CONCEPT OF ROLE THEORY Highs and lows MEASURING ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE VOTES FOR WOMEN剑桥雅思4 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Reading Passage 1 NO TITLE (Children’s ideas�Crainforests) Lost for Words (Endangered languages) Micro-enterprise Credit for Street Youth How much higher? How much faster? Reading Passage 2 What Do Whales Feel? ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE IN AUSTRALIAVolcanoes�Cearth-shattering news The nature and aims of archaeology剑桥雅思5 Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test Reading Passage 1 Johnson’s Dictionary BAKELITE The birth of modern plastics Early Child Education The Impact of Wilderness Reading Passage 2 Nature or Nurture? What’s so Funny? (On humour) Reading Passage 3 The Truth about the Environment The Birth of Scientific English The Return of Artificial intelligence The effects of light Reading Passage 3 Visual Symbols and the Blind PLAY IS A SERIOUS BUSINESS Obtaining Linguistic Data The Problem of Scarce Resources Disappearing Delta Flawed Beauty: the 4 Tourism problem with toughened glasson plant and animal species 剑桥雅思6 Test 1 Test 2 Reading Passage 1 Australia’s Sporting Success Advantages of Public Transport NO TITLE (Cinematography) Reading Passage 2 Delivering the Goods Greying Population Stays in the Pink Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions Do literate women make better mothers? Reading Passage 3 Climate Change and the Inuit Numeration The Search for the Anti-aging Pill NO TITLE (School bullying) Test 3 Test 4 Doctoring Sales感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

剑桥少儿英语三级考试真题及答案第一套

剑桥少儿英语三级考试真题及答案第一套全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My First Cambridge English TestHi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 8 years old. I just took the Cambridge Young Learners English Test called "Starters" and I want to tell you all about it. It was my first ever English test and I was a little nervous, but it ended up being really fun!The test had four parts - listening, reading & writing, speaking, and oral interaction. We started with the listening part. The teacher played some recordings and we had to listen carefully and point to the correct picture in our test booklets. There were people talking about things like animals, colors, numbers, and toys. It was kind of like a game!Next was the reading & writing section. This was my favorite part! There were lots of cute pictures and we had to read some sentences and words, and then do different activities.In the first activity, we had to draw lines to match words to the pictures. For example, there was a picture of a dog and wehad to draw a line from the picture to the word "dog." Easy peasy!Then there were some picture stories. We had to look at the pictures and put them in the right order by writing numbers. One story was about a boy going to the park. First he left his house, then he went to the park and played on the swings, and finally he walked home again. By putting the numbers in the right order, we could recreate the story. It was like putting a puzzle together!After that, there were some simple sentences with words missing. We had to choose the correct word from a list of options to fill in the blank. For instance, one sentence was "I can ___ a ball." And the options were "kick," "sleep," and "dance." Obviously the right answer was "kick."The last activity was my absolute favorite - we got to draw and write a little bit! The instructions showed a scene, like a living room with some furniture. We had to draw in some extra details, like a TV or a window. Then we had to label the objects we drew using words from a list. It was so much fun getting to be creative and practice writing English words.When that section was over, we took a short break to have a snack and run around a bit. I was feeling great because the test was going well so far.Up next was the speaking part. One at a time, we went into another room with two friendly exam teachers. They asked us questions and gave us instructions, and we had to respond. It was a bit like having a little conversation!Some of the things they asked me to do were introducing myself, answering questions about my family and hobbies, naming objects, and following simple commands like "Point to the window" or "Put the pencil on the table." I'll admit, I was a teensy bit nervous during this section, but the teachers were so nice that I soon relaxed.The very last part was called "oral interaction." This happened with me and one of the exam teachers together, while the other teacher watched. We had to have a little unscripted back-and-forth conversation using some simple prompts.For example, the teacher showed me a few toy food items like a plastic banana and apple. Then she asked me "What foods do you like?" I answered "I like apples!" Then she asked "What other foods do you like?" And I said "I like pizza too!" We just had a short little chat about foods I enjoy. It was great practice for casual English conversation.After all the sections were finally over, I was tired but felt accomplished! The teachers told me I did a fantastic job. A fewweeks later, I got my scores back in the mail and... I passed! I was so proud of myself.Overall, taking the Starters test was a really positive experience. It helped show me what I already knew in English, what I still needed to work on, and it got me excited to keep learning. The activities were fun and engaging, perfect for kids like me.If you're a young learner too, I'd definitely recommend trying out the Cambridge tests when you're ready. Or at the very least, look online for practice materials to get a feel for the types of activities. Just be sure to pay attention, follow the instructions, and try your best - you've got this! Learning English opens up so many amazing opportunities. I'm going to keep working hard so I can take the next level test soon. Wish me luck!篇2My Favorite AnimalHello, everyone! Today, I want to tell you about my favorite animal. Can you guess what it is? Well, it's a panda! Pandas are so cute and cuddly, and I just love everything about them.Pandas are native to China, and they are known for their black and white fur. They are gentle creatures and spend most of their time eating bamboo. Did you know that pandas can eat up to 30 kilograms of bamboo in a single day? That's a lot of bamboo!One of the reasons why I love pandas is because they are endangered. This means that there aren't many of them left in the world. It makes me sad to think that such wonderful animals might disappear one day. That's why it's important for us to protect them and their habitat.Pandas also have a special place in Chinese culture. They are often seen as a symbol of peace and friendship. In fact, pandas are sometimes called "China's national treasure." People from all over the world come to China to see these amazing animals.I was lucky enough to visit a panda reserve last year during my family vacation. It was such an incredible experience! I got to see pandas up close and even help feed them. They are much bigger in real life than they appear in pictures. I will never forget that day.If you ever get the chance to see a panda, I highly recommend it. They have the cutest round faces and big, blackeyes. When they eat, they hold the bamboo with their paws, just like how we hold a sandwich. It's so funny and adorable!In conclusion, pandas are my favorite animals. They are cute, gentle, and endangered. I hope that more people will learn about them and help protect their habitat. Let's all work together to ensure that pandas continue to roam the Earth for many generations to come.Thank you for listening to my story about pandas. I hope you enjoyed it as much as I enjoyed sharing it with you.篇3The Funny CarnivalHello! My name is Emma and I'm going to tell you about the time I went to a really funny carnival with my family. It was during summer vacation and we were all really excited.The day started out normal enough. I woke up, had breakfast with my little brother Tom, and we played outside for a bit. But then Mom and Dad told us we were going to the carnival that night! Tom and I cheered - we love the carnival games, rides, and especially the fun food.As soon as it got dark, we piled into the car. The carnival was just outside of town in a big field. We could see the bright lights and hear the music as we got closer. I could barely sit still in the car from anticipation!When we arrived, the first thing I noticed were all the colorful tents and booths set up everywhere. There were game booths where you could win prizes, food stands with treats like cotton candy and caramel apples, and even pony rides!"I want to go on the rides first!" Tom shouted, pointing at the huge Ferris wheel and roller coaster towering above us."Okay, but just for a little bit," said Mom. "Then we'll do some games and get food."The rides were so much fun! Tom and I went on the rocking pirate ship ride, the spinning teacups, and the big slide. Every time we'd spin around really fast, we'd scream with glee. After a while though, I did start to feel a little queasy from all the motion.Next, we checked out the game booths. My favorite was the one where you threw darts at balloons to win prizes. On my third try, I burst a big green balloon and won a stuffed bear! Tom wasn't as lucky though and started to get a little frustrated."Don't worry, you'll get the hang of it," Dad reassured him, giving him a pat on the back.We worked up quite an appetite after all that playing, so we grabbed some snacks from the food stands. Mom and Dad shared a barbecue plate while Tom got a huge swirled lollipop and I picked out a big bag of cotton candy. We found a picnic table to sit at while we ate and listened to the band playing lively music nearby.As we were finishing up, I saw a group of clowns arrive and start performing tricks and jokes near the main tent. Their goofy antics had us all laughing hysterically! One clown kept squirting other clowns with his flower lapel, spraying them with water. Another rode around on a tiny tricycle, constantly crashing into things on purpose.After the clown show, Dad said we had time for one more thing before we had to go home. Tom immediately ran over to the pony rides, but I decided to try my luck at the game booths again. This time, I splashed a clown face with a ball and won a big rainbow-colored stuffed snake!On the drive home, Tom and I chatted excitedly about all our favorite parts of the carnival. We decided everything was the best - the rides, the games, the food, and especially the hilariousclowns. I grinned sleepily back at my new stuffed prizes as we pulled into our driveway, already counting down until next year's carnival fun!The end!篇4Cambridge Young Learners English Starters Exam Practice TestReading & WritingToday we had our Cambridge Young Learners English exam practice test in class. I was a little nervous, but not too much. Our teacher Mrs. Roberts always makes the practice tests fun!For the reading section, we had to read some short stories and answer questions by circling the right picture or words. The first story was about a little girl named Lily who went to the park with her mom. They saw some ducks swimming in the pond. I circle the picture of the ducks for that one. Easy!Then there was a funny story about a crazy dinosaur family. The dad dinosaur was trying to make dinner but he kept making messes. I laughed at the silly pictures. For that story, I had to circle the food items they were eating like leaves and fish.The writing part wasn't too hard. First we had to draw a picture about our favorite animal and write a few words naming the animal and what color it was. I drew my cat Snowy and wrote "white cat篇5Cambridge Young Learners English Test - MoversReading & WritingHi there! My name is Sam and I'm going to tell you all about the reading and writing parts of the Cambridge Movers English test I took last week. It was kind of scary at first, but also really fun!Reading Part 1In this part, I had to read a simple story and put some cute picture stories in the right order to match what happened. The story was about a girl named Lucy and her pet rabbit Ralph. Ralph ran away from home and Lucy had to go look for him around the neighborhood. Each picture showed what happened next as Lucy searched for Ralph. I just had to number the pictures 1-6 in the right order. Easy peasy!Reading Part 2This part was a bit trickier. There were two longer stories and I had to read them carefully. Then I had to answer some multiple choice questions about what happened in the stories. One story was about a boy who went camping with his family and got separated from them in the woods for a little while. The other was about a girl taking her dog to the vet because he was sick.For each question, there were three picture choices and I had to pick which one showed the right answer from the story. Some of the questions asked about details of what specific characters said or did. Others asked about feelings or reasons why things happened. I had to concentrate really hard, but I remembered the tips about reading the questions first before the story. That helped me look for the important details.Reading Part 3Here I had to read a schedule or set of instructions and then answer some simple questions by filling in the blanks or writing one word/number answers. One task was about times that a library opened and closed on different days. Another showed rules for behavior at a sports center.This part reminded me a lot of questions my teacher gives us in class when we have to read something carefully and thenanswer what/when/where/who type questions about it. As long as I read slowly and double checked, it wasn't too bad!Reading Part 4The last reading part had longer passages to read, up to a paragraph or two. There were different types of texts like advertisements, emails, notes, and short articles. Then I had to answer some multiple choice questions about the main ideas and details.One passage was a review of a new movie that just came out. Another was an email message from a girl's aunt telling about her vacation. There was also a poster advertising a book fair at a school. For the questions, I had to pick which of three sentences was true based on the information given.I found this part challenging because the texts were longer and I had to be really careful not to make any silly mistakes. But my reading skills have improved so much this year, so I tried to stay focused and use strategies like underlining key details as I went.Writing Part 1Okay, time for the writing section! For this part, I had to look at a picture and then write a few sentences describing what Icould see happening. The picture showed two kids raking leaves in their backyard in the fall. I wrote something like:"In this picture, I can see two young children working in their backyard. They are using rakes to gather up all the fallen leaves on the ground into piles. It looks like a sunny autumn day."Short and simple, but hitting all the main points of who, what, where, when. My teacher says using good descriptive details is important for this task.Writing Part 2Here I had to read an example of something like a short message, letter or note. Then I had to write something similar for a mock situation that was described.One task was reading a bad note a boy wrote to his mom apologizing for breaking her vase. I had to write a better apology note as if I was the boy. Another example was a nice thank you letter a girl wrote to her aunt for a birthday gift. Then I had to pretend I was writing a letter to thank my friend for a souvenir they brought me from their vacation.For these tasks, I had to make sure I used the right level of polite language and formality based on who I was writing to. I also had to organize the notes/letters in a proper way withgreetings, clear purpose, and proper closings. It was sort of like creative writing but following set models.Writing Part 3This part asked me to write a longer piece of approximately 50-100 words in response to a question or prompt. The topics could be about my daily life, hobbies, experiences, or something more imaginative like describing an adventure or story.One prompt asked me to write about my favorite holiday and what special things my family does to celebrate it. Another was to describe my dream job when I grow up and why I would want to do that work.I found these longer writing tasks fun because I got to be more creative and descriptive. But of course, I also had to make sure I organized my work into clear paragraphs with proper grammar, spelling, punctuation and enough detail to fully answer the prompt. It was great practice for the kinds of essays and stories we start writing more of in school.Whew, that's everything I can remember about my big Movers test! There were definitely some hard parts, but I felt prepared after doing lots of practice exercises with my teacher. Hopefully this gives you an idea of what to expect if you take thetest too. Just try your best, don't get nervous, and I'm sure you'll do great! Let me know if any other tips would be helpful.篇6My Summer Holiday AdventureHi there! My name is Emma and I'm going to tell you all about the brilliant adventure I had during my summer holiday. It was the best holiday ever and I can't wait to share it with you!It all started on the first day of the summer break. Mum and Dad woke me up really early, which I didn't like at first because I love sleeping in during the holidays. But then they told me we were going on a big trip and I got super excited!We drove for ages, or at least it felt like ages to me. I asked "Are we there yet?" about a million times. Finally, we arrived at this huge forest and I could see a sign that said "Oakwood Forest Adventure Park".Mum and Dad had booked for us to go camping in the forest for three nights. I'd never been camping before so I was a bit nervous, but also really eager to try it. We parked the car and I helped Dad get all our camping gear out of the boot. He put mein charge of carrying the tent bags because he said I was a strong girl.After a short walk, we found the perfect spot to set up our tent. It was in a little clearing surrounded by towering trees. While Mum and Dad struggled to put up the tent, I went exploring in the forest around our camping area. I saw so many cool things - squirrels climbing the trees, tiny wild flowers, colourful mushrooms and even deer!Once we'd set everything up, Dad said we should go for a hike to explore more of the forest. The hiking trails were brilliant! We walked across wooden bridges over streams, climbed up hills through the trees and even saw an abandoned cottage in the middle of the forest. Who do you think used to live there?That evening after our hike, Dad built a campfire and we toasted marshmallows. They were so gooey and delicious! Mum had brought a storybook with her, so we sat around the campfire and she read it to me using funny voices for all the characters. It was getting quite dark by the time she finished, so we got into our sleeping bags inside the cozy tent and went to sleep, exhausted from our adventuring.The next morning, Dad made pancakes for breakfast over the campfire. I was starving so they tasted absolutely amazing!Then we went off to explore more of the forest adventure park. There was a huge obstacle course with climbing walls, rope bridges, scramble nets and even a zipline! Despite being a bit scared at first, I managed to conquer the whole course. I've never felt braver.After the obstacle course, Mum and Dad took me to a big lake in the forest where you could hire rowing boats. We rowed right across the lake, doing competitions to see who could row the fastest. I was pretty good at it! We had a little picnic on the beach at the other side of the lake before rowing back.That night, we played camping games like charades around the campfire, had naugand sang silly songs.s'mores for dessert We saw so many stars too as there were no city lights. I'd never seen so many!On our final day, we went on a trail ride on ponies through the forest. My pony's name was Sprinkles and she was just the cutest! We walked along woodland paths, letting the ponies munch on grass and leaves as we went. I was a bit nervous around the ponies at first, but by the end of the ride I loved them.After the pony trek, it was time to pack up our tent and camping gear ready to head home. I felt so sad to be leaving themagical forest, but I also couldn't wait to tell all my friends about my incredible camping adventure!Overall, it was the best summer holiday I've ever had. I got to experience so many new things - camping, hiking, campfires, obstacle courses, rowing on a lake and riding a pony! Mum and Dad were tired out from all the activities by the end, but I wasn't. I'm already counting down the days until our next forest adventure holiday...。

pet《新版1(标准版)》等级考试英语试卷test1试卷

pet《新版1(标准版)》等级考试英语试卷test1试卷全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Pet (New Edition 1 - Standard Version) Level Test 1Reading and Writing SectionPart 1 - Reading ComprehensionRead the passage below and answer the questions that follow:The Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest coral reef system. It is located off the coast of Queensland in northeastern Australia and stretches over 1,400 miles. The reef is home to a wide variety of marine life, including over 1,500 species of fish and 400 species of coral. It is a popular destination for tourists and divers from around the world.1. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?a) Caribbeanb) Australiac) Hawaiid) Florida2. How long is the Great Barrier Reef?a) 1,200 milesb) 800 milesc) 1,400 milesd) 1,000 miles3. How many species of fish can be found in the Great Barrier Reef?a) 1,000b) 500c) 1,500d) 2,000Part 2 - WritingWrite a short paragraph (5-7 sentences) about your favorite pet. Include information about its breed, age, personality, and any special traits it has.Listening SectionPart 1 - Multiple ChoiceListen to the audio clip and answer the questions that follow:1. What is the man's favorite outdoor activity?a) Swimmingb) Hikingc) Bikingd) Fishing2. What does the woman say she will do next weekend?a) Visit her parentsb) Go shoppingc) Attend a concertd) Have a picnicPart 2 - True or FalseListen to the audio clip and determine if the statements are true or false:1. The man prefers reading over watching movies.2. The woman will be traveling to Europe next month.3. The man is planning a trip to the beach next weekend.Speaking SectionPart 1 - IntroductionIntroduce yourself to the examiner. Include information about your name, age, occupation, and where you are from.Part 2 - Topic DiscussionDiscuss the following topic with the examiner:Describe your favorite holiday destination. Include information about the location, activities to do there, and why you enjoy visiting it.Part 3 - Role PlayIn this section, you will have a conversation with the examiner. You will be given a scenario to act out, such as making a restaurant reservation or asking for directions.Overall, this test assesses your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in English. Good luck!篇2PET (Preliminary English Test) is a certification test that assesses the English language proficiency of non-native speakers. It is an important tool for individuals who wish to study or work in English-speaking countries, as well as for those who simply want to improve their English skills. The new version of the PET test, also known as the "Standard Version," has been designed to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of candidates' abilities in reading, writing, listening, and speaking.Test 1 of the PET exam includes a variety of questions that test different language skills. In the reading section, candidates are required to read and understand a series of texts, ranging from simple articles to more complex passages. They must answer multiple-choice questions to demonstrate their comprehension and vocabulary knowledge.The writing section of the test asks candidates to write a short essay or letter based on a given prompt. This section tests their ability to express ideas clearly and cohesively in written form. Additionally, candidates must complete a listening exercise where they listen to a series of recordings and answer questions based on what they have heard.The speaking portion of the test involves a face-to-face interview with an examiner. Candidates are asked a series ofquestions and are expected to respond with clear and concise answers. This section assesses their ability to communicate effectively in spoken English.Overall, the PET test provides a comprehensive evaluation of candidates' English language skills. By successfully completing this exam, individuals can demonstrate their proficiency in English and increase their opportunities for study, work, and personal development. It is an important stepping stone for those looking to advance their English language abilities and achieve their goals in an English-speaking environment.篇3【Pet "New Version 1 (Standard Edition)" Level Test English Test Paper Test 1】Part 1: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below.A new study has shown that having a pet can have a positive impact on our mental health. The study, conducted by researchers at the University of York, found that pet owners were less likely to suffer from depression and anxiety compared to those who did not have pets. This is because pets providecompanionship and unconditional love, which can help reduce stress levels and improve our overall well-being.1. What did the study conducted by researchers at the University of York find?2. Why are pet owners less likely to suffer from depression and anxiety?Part 2: VocabularyChoose the best word to complete each sentence.1. My dog loves to ________ in the park every morning.A) fetchB) bringC) take2. Cats are known for their ________ behavior.A) independentB) dependentC) rely3. I need to ________ my dog to the veterinarian for his check-up.A) bringB) takeC) pickPart 3: GrammarChoose the correct form of the verb in each sentence.1. I ________ my cat to the groomers last week.A) takeB) tookC) takes2. Dogs are loyal animals that ________ unconditional love.A) givesB) giveC) gave3. My pet parrot ________ a lot of noise in the morning.A) makesB) makeC) madePart 4: WritingWrite a short paragraph about why you think having a pet is beneficial for our mental health. Use examples from your own experience if possible.Overall, having a pet can bring joy, companionship, and comfort to our lives. They can help reduce feelings of loneliness and increase our overall happiness. Pets are there for us unconditionally, providing love and support when we need it most. It's no wonder that studies have shown that pet owners often have better mental health compared to non-pet owners.I hope you found this test paper helpful in preparing for your pet exam. Good luck!。

2009考研英语text1精读

2009考研英语text1精读In the year 2009, the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) English section was a pivotal part of the test thatdetermined the academic future of many aspirants. The textfor the first reading comprehension passage was no exception, as it was designed to assess the candidates' ability to understand complex English literature, extract information, and analyze the underlying themes and arguments presented.The passage in question delved into the intricacies of a socio-economic issue, providing a detailed account of the challenges faced by a particular community or industry. Itwas a piece that required a deep understanding of the context, the ability to discern the author's perspective, and theskill to infer the implications of the presented data or narrative.The text was structured with a clear introduction, body paragraphs that elaborated on various aspects of the topic, and a conclusion that synthesized the main points. Each paragraph was laden with rich vocabulary and complex sentence structures, which not only tested the test-takers' linguistic prowess but also their analytical skills.The questions that followed the passage were crafted to gauge the depth of the candidates' comprehension. They ranged from straightforward factual recall to more nuanced inquiries about the author's intent, the tone of the text, and theimplications of certain arguments or pieces of evidence presented.To excel in this section, candidates needed to employ a variety of reading strategies, such as skimming for the main idea, scanning for specific details, and careful reading for a deeper understanding of the text. Additionally, they had to be adept at making inferences and drawing conclusions based on the information provided.In conclusion, the 2009 GRE English text 1 was a comprehensive examination of a test-taker's ability to read and understand complex English prose. It was a critical component of the test that demanded not only a strong command of the English language but also the capacity for critical thinking and analytical reasoning.。

test 1

Test 1Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Student Use of Computers. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the chart and the outline given below:1. 上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2. 请说明发生这些变化的原因(可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明)；3. 你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。

Part II Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A) His father. B) His mother. C) His brother. D) His sister.2. A) A job opportunity. B) A position as general manager.C) A big travel agency. D) An inexperienced salesman.3. A) Having a break. B) Continuing the meeting.C) Moving on to the next item. D) Waiting a little longer.4. A) The weather forecast says it will be fine. B) The weather doesn’t count in their plan.C) They will not do as planned in case of rain. D) They will postpone their program if it rains.5. A) He wishes to have more courses like it. B) He finds it hard to follow the teacher.C) He wishes the teacher would talk more. D) He doesn’t like the teacher’s accent.6. A) Go on with the game. B) Draw pictures on the computer.C) Review his lessons. D) Have a good rest.7. A) She does not agree with Jack. B) Jack’s performance is disappointing.C) Most people will find basketball boring. D) She shares Jack’s opinion.8. A) The man went to a wrong check-in counter. B) The man has just missed his flight.C) The plane will leave at 9:14. D) The plane’s departure time remains unknown.9. A) At a newsstand. B) At a car dealer’s.C) At a publishing house. D) At a newspaper office.10. A) He wants to get a new position. B) He is asking the woman for help.C) He has left the woman a good impression. D) He enjoys letter writing.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) They are interested in other kinds of reading.B) They are active in voluntary services.C) They tend to be low in education and in income.D) They live in isolated areas.12. A) The reasons why –people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.B) There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.C) The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.D) There are more nonreaders among young people nowadays.13. A) Lowering the prices of their newspapers.B) Shortening their news stories.C) Adding variety to their newspaper content.D) Including more advertisements in their newspapers.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) A basket. B) A cup. C) A egg. D) An oven.15. A) To let in the sunshine. B) To serve as its door.C) To keep the nest cool. D) For the bird to lay eggs.16. A) Branches. B) Grasses. C) Mud. D) Straw.17. A) Some are built underground. B) Some can be eaten.C) Most are sewed with grasses. D) Most are dried by the sun.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) To examine the chemical elements in the Ice Age.B) To look into the pattern of solar wind activity.C) To analyze the composition of different trees.D) To find out the origin of carbon-14 on Earth.19. A) The lifecycle of trees. B) The number of trees.C) The intensity of solar burning. D) The quality of air.20. A) It affects the growth of trees. B) It has been increasing since the Ice Age.C) It is determined by the chemicals in the air. D) It follows a certain cycle.Section CPerhaps the most ____S1____ building of the nineteeth century was the Crystal Palace,which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of____S2____ and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from____S3____ parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery ____S4____ The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyth's ___S5_____. Though in those days, traveling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of ___S6_____ across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the ___S7_____ from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It ____S8____ one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was _____S9___ in ____S10____.Part III Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!”If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events.But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and metal strain.21. The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us ________.A) the way you handle major events may cause stressB) what should be done to avoid stressC) what kind of event would cause stressD) how to cope with sudden changes in life22. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ________.A) widespread concern over its harmful effectsB) great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC) an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD) popular avoidance of stressful jobs23. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ________.A) how much pressure you are under B) how positive events can change your lifeC) how stressful a major event can be D) how you can deal with life-changing events24. Why is “such simplistic advice” (Line 1, Para. 3) impossible to follow?A) No one can stay on the same job for long. B) No prescription is effective in relieving stress.C) People have to get married someday. D) You could be missing opportunities as well.25. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________.A) nervous when faced with difficulties B) physically and mentally strainedC) more capable of coping with adversity D) indifferent toward what happens to themPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter. “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.26. Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?A) It helps us understand our memory system better.B) It enables us to recall something form our memory.C) It expands our memory capacity considerably.D) It slows down the process of losing our memory.27. One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that ________.A) they have a wider range of interests B) they are more reliant on the environmentC) they have an unusual power of focusing their attentionD) they are more interested in what’s happening around them28. A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because ________.A) it will easily get lost B) it’s not clear enough for you to readC) it’s out of your sight D) it might get mixed up with other things29. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) If we focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.B) Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.C) Repetition helps improve our memory.D) If we keep forgetting things, we’d better return to where we were.30. What is the passage mainly about?A) The process of gradual memory loss. B) The causes of absent-mindedness.C) The impact of the environment on memory. D) A way if encoding and recalling.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.It is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult, and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when, with the help of the Navy, they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days, monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of the Navy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans.Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption (爆发) for the first time and that they plan similar studies.Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures.The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second—slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important, different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds, focusing them in the same way a stethoscope (听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean, especially low-frequency ones, can often travel thousands of miles.31. The passage is chiefly about ________.A) an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB) the civilian use of a military detection systemC) the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD) a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales32. The underwater listening system was originally designed ________.A) to trace and locate enemy vessels B) to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC) to study the movement of ocean currentsD) to replace the global radio communications network33. The deep-sea listening system makes use of ________.A) the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB) the capability of sound to travel at high speedC) the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD) low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water34. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A) new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB) blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC) opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD) military technology has great potential in civilian use35. Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network?A) It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B) It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C) It became useless to the military after the cold war.D) It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise (有氧操). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize (获利) on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts. These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially form the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.36. The word “spas” (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to ________.A) sports activities B) places for physical exerciseC) recreation centers D) athletic training programs37. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for ________.A) the promotion of aerobic exercise B) endurance and muscular developmentC) the improvement of women’s figures D) better performance in aerobic dancing38. What was the attitude of doctors towards weight training in health improvement?A) Positive. B) Indifferent. C) Negative. D) Cautious.39. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out ________.A) how ell they could do in athletics B) what their health condition was likeC) what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD) whether they were fit for aerobic exercise40. Recent studies have suggested that weight training ________.A) has become an essential part of people’s life B) may well affect the health of the traineesC) will attract more people in the days to come D) contributes to health improvement as wellPart IV Translation老帽山位于普兰店市北部、全国战斗英雄于庆阳的家乡--同益乡，其主峰海拔848米。

雅思c11t1s1阅读原文

雅思c11t1s1阅读原文英文回答：The reading passage in IELTS Cambridge 11 Test 1 Section 1 discusses the topic of urban planning and the impact it has on the environment. The passage explains that urban planning plays a crucial role in creating sustainable and livable cities. It highlights the importance of considering environmental factors such as air quality, green spaces, and transportation systems when designing urban areas.One example mentioned in the passage is the city of Curitiba in Brazil. The city's urban planning focused on creating an efficient public transportation system, which reduced the number of cars on the road and minimized air pollution. As a result, Curitiba became a model city for sustainable urban development.Another example is the city of Freiburg in Germany. Thepassage mentions that Freiburg implemented a comprehensive urban planning strategy that prioritized sustainable energy sources and green architecture. The city now generates a significant portion of its energy from renewable sources and has become a leader in sustainable urban design.These examples demonstrate how effective urban planning can positively impact the environment. By considering factors such as transportation, energy sources, and green spaces, cities can create a more sustainable and livable environment for their residents.中文回答：雅思第11册第1套第1篇阅读原文讨论了城市规划对环境的影响。

剑4test1reading精讲版

剑4 TEST 1 ReadingREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.一Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. For example, one graphic illustration to which children might readily relate is the estimate that rainforests are being destroyed at a rate equivalent to one thousand football fields every forty minutes - about the duration of a normal classroom period.In the face of the frequent and often vivid media coverage第一题, it is likely that children will have formed ideas about rainforests -what and where they are, why they are important, what endangers them - independent of any formal tuition. It is also possible that some of these ideas will be mistaken.二Many studies have shown that children harbourmisconceptions about ‘pure’, curriculum science. 第三题These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to容易受影响modification.第四题These ideas may be developed by children absorbing ideas through the popular media.第二题 Sometimes this information may be erroneous. It seems schools may not be providing an opportunity for children to re-express their ideas and so have them tested and refined by teachers and their peers.三Despite the extensive coverage in the popular media of the destruction of rainforests, little formal information is available about children’s ideas in this area. The aim of the present study is to start to provide such information, to help teachers design their educational strategies to build upon correct ideas and to displace misconceptions and to plan programmes in environmental studies in their schools.四The study surveys children’s scientific knowledge and attitudes to rainforests.Secondary school children were asked to complete a questionnaire containing five open-form questions简答题.第五题The most frequent responses to thefirst question were descriptions which are self-evident from the term ‘rainforest’. Some children described them as damp, wet or hot. The second question concerned the geographical location of rainforests. The commonest responses were continents or countries: Africa (given by 43% of children),第九题 South America (30%), Brazil (25%). Some children also gave more general locations, such as being near the Equator.五Responses to question three concerned the importance of rainforests. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. Fewer students responded that rainforests provide plant habitats, and even fewer mentioned the indigenous populations of rainforests.第十题More girls(70%) than boys (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.第六题这两句话都拿男生女生做了比较但所比较的事物却不是对热带雨林毁坏的错误观点六Similarly, but at a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats.第六题These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupils’views about the use and conservation of rainforests, in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem toplace an intrinsic value on non-human animal life.第七题七The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforests, 第十一题some personalising the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are’. About 18% of the pupils referred specifically to logging activity.八One misconception, expressed by some 10% of the pupils, was that acid rain is responsible for rainforest destruction;a similar proportion said that pollution is destroying rainforests. Here, children are confusing rainforest destruction with damage to the forests of Western Europe by these factors. While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provide oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced the misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on Earth.九In answer to the final question about the importance of rainforest conservation, the majority of children simply said that we need rainforests to survive. 第十二题Only a few of the pupils (6%) mentioned that rainforest destruction maycontribute to global warming. This is surprising considering the high level of media coverage on this issue. 第十三题Some children expressed the idea that the conservation of rainforests is not important.十The results of this study suggest that certain ideas predominate in the thinking of children about rainforests. Pupils’responses indicate some misconceptions in basic scientific knowledge of rainforests’ecosystems such as their ideas about rainforests as habitats for animals, plants and humans and the relationship between climatic change and destruction of rainforests.十一Pupils did not volunteer ideas that suggested that they appreciated the complexity of causes of rainforest destruction. In other words, they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social, economic and political factors which drive the activities which are destroying the rainforests. One encouragement is that the results of similar studies about other environmental issues suggest that older children seem to acquire the ability to appreciate, value and evaluate conflicting views. Environmental education offers an arena inwhich these skills can be developed, which is essential for these children as future decision-makers.Questions 1-8Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1In boxes 1-8 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 The plight of the rainforests has largely been ignored by the media. FALSE2 Children only accept opinions on rainforests that they encounter in their classrooms.FALSE3 It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the ‘pure’ science that they study at school.TRUE4 The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them.TRUE5 The study involved asking children a number of yes/no questions such as ‘Are there any rainforests in Africa’FALSE6 Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests’ destruction.NOT GIVEN7 The study reported here follows on from a series of studies that have looked at children’s understanding of rainforests.TRUE8 A second study has been planned to investigate primary school children’s ideas about rain forests.NOT GIVEN直到最后都只字未提Questions 9-13The box below gives a list of responses A-P to the questionnaire discussed in ReadingPassage 1.Answer the following questions by choosing the correct responses A-P. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet.M 9 What was the children’s most frequent response whenasked where the rainforests wereE 10 What was the most common response to the question about the importance of the rain forestsG11 What did most children give as the reason for the loss of the rainforestsP 12 Why did most children think it important for the rainforests to be protectedJ 13 Which of the responses is cited as unexpectedly uncommon, given the amount of time spent on the issue by the newspapers and televisionQuestion 14Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, D or E.Write your answer in box 14 on your answer sheet.Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 1A The development of a programme in environmental studies within a science curriculumB Children’s ideas about the rainforests and the implications for course designC The extent to which children have been misled by the media concerning the rainforestsD How to collect, collate and describe the ideas of secondary school childrenE The importance of the rainforests and the reasons for their destructionREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.What Do Whales FeelAn examination of the functioning of the senses in cetaceans 鲸, the group of mammals哺乳动物 comprising包括 whales, dolphins and porpoises海豚一Some of the senses that we and other terrestrial陆生的 mammals take for granted are either reduced减弱的 or absent 缺席的不存在的 in cetaceans or fail to function well in water. For example, it appears from their brain structure that toothed 有牙齿的 species are unable to smell. Baleen species,鲸须 on the other hand, appear to have some related brain structures but it is not known whether these are functional.有功能的起作用的 It has been speculated 推测猜测that, as the blowholes 气孔 evolved进化 and migrated移动 to the top of the head, the neural 神经系统的pathways神经链 serving sense of smell may have been nearly all sacrificed.牺牲 Similarly, although at least some cetaceans have taste buds味蕾, the nerves servingthese have degenerated退化 or are rudimentary.未完全发育的第15题二The sense of touch has sometimes been described as weak too, but this view is probably mistaken. Trainers of captive 人工饲养 dolphins and small whales often remark on 评论评价their animals’ responsiveness敏感度 to being touched or rubbed摩擦, and both captive and free-ranging自由放养的cetacean individuals of all species (particularly adults and calves,幼崽 or members of the same subgroup副族) appear to make frequent contact接触碰触. This contact may help to maintain 维持 order秩序 within a group, and stroking抚摸 or touching are part of the courtship求偶 ritual仪式 in most species.第22题The area around the blowhole喷水孔is also particularly sensitive敏感的 and captive animals often object 不喜欢 strongly to being touched there.三The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species. Baleen species studied at close quarters 区域 underwater - specifically a grey whale calf in captivity 囚禁 for a year, and free-ranging right whales露脊鲸 and humpback whales座头鲸studied and filmed拍成电影off Argentina and Hawaii - have obviously tracked追踪 objects withvision underwater, and they can apparently see moderately一般的有限的well both in water and in air.However, the position of the eyes so restricts约束 the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic立体的 vision.第16题四On the other hand, the position of the eyes in most dolphins and porpoises suggests that they have stereoscopic vision forward and downward.第17题Eye position in freshwater 淡水dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down 颠倒 while feeding, suggests that what vision they have is stereoscopic forward and upward.第18题第23题 By comparison,相比之下 the bottlenose dolphin宽吻海豚 has extremely keen 明锐的 vision in water. Judging from the way it watches and tracks airborne在飞行的 flying fish飞鱼, it can apparently see fairly相当 well through the air-water interface界面 as well. 第19题第24题And although preliminary 初步的experimental实验的 evidence suggests that their in-air vision is poor, the accuracy精确度 with which dolphins leap跳跃 high to take small fish out of a trainer’s hand provides anecdotal 趣闻evidence to the contrary相反地.五Such variation变化变异 can no doubt be explained withreference to关于就。

剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test1(附答案)

剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 1（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Australia’s Sporting SuccessA They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC) finances programs of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills teamed in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers -to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. We can't waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don't help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,' says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement -everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It’s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason's contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (Swimming Analysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer's performance into factors that can be analysed individually - stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SW AN spits out data on each swimmer.D‘Take a look,' says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? ‘His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy,' says Mason. ‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better’. This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists' research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete's clothes or running shoes to monitor heartrate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete's ability to run. There's more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes' saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model', based on what they expect will be the winning times. ‘You design the model to make that time,' says Mason. ‘A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times.' All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world's most successful sporting nation.F Of course, there's nothing to stop other countries copying-and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists' and rowers' times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the ‘altitude tent', developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia's success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system. Question 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.1. a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2. an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3. a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4. how some AIS ideas have been reproduced5. how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6. an overview of the funded support of athletes7. how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestion 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA. are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB. will be used in the future by AustraliansC. are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8. cameras9. sensors10. protein tests11. altitude tentsQuestion 12-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?13 By how much did some cyclists' performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Delivering the GoodsThe vast expansion in international trade owes much to a revolution in the business ofmoving freightA International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nation's borders.B What lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have traditionally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.C At the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and Japan. International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials, such as wheat, wood and iron ore, or processed commodities, such as meat and steel. But these sorts of products are heavy and bulky and the cost of transporting them relatively high.D Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours. Over time, however, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight. Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for every dollar's worth of imports or exports.E To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the world's disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. Distance therefore poses no obstacle to the globalisation of the disk-drive industry.F This is even more true of the fast-growing information industries. Films and compact discs cost little to transport, even by aeroplane. Computer software can be 'exported' without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.G In many countries deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerization and inter-modal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargo-handling. Forty years ago, the process of exporting or importing involved a great many stages of handling, which risked portions of the shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the adoption of standard container sizes allowed almost any box to be transported on any ship. By 1967, dual-purpose ships, carrying loose cargo in the hold* and containers on the deck, were giving way to all-container vessels that moved thousands of boxes at a time.*hold: ship's storage area below deckH The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensely competitive business. But getting the cargo to and from the dock was a different story. National governments, by and large, kept a much firmer hand on truck and railroad tariffs than on charges for ocean freight. This started changing, however, in the mid-1970s, when America began to deregulate its transportation industry. First airlines, then road hauliers and railways, were freed from restrictions on what they could carry, where they could haul it and what price they could charge. Big productivity gains resulted. Between 1985 and 1996, for example, America's freight railways dramatically reduced their employment, trackage, and their fleets of locomotives - while increasing the amount of cargo they hauled. Europe's railways have also shown marked, albeit smaller, productivity improvements.I America the period of huge productivity gains in transportation may be almost over, but in most countries the process still has far to go. State ownership of railways and airlines, regulation of freight rates and toleration of anti-competitive practices, such as cargo-handling monopolies, all keep the cost of shipping unnecessarily high and deter international trade. Bringing these barriers down would help the world's economies grow even closer.Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-I.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-I in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14. a suggestion for improving trade in the future15. the effects of the introduction of electronic delivery16. the similar cost involved in transporting a product from abroad or from a local supplier17. the weakening relationship between the value of goods and the cost of their delivery Question 18-22Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage18. International trade is increasing at a greater rate than the world economy.19. Cheap labour guarantees effective trade conditions.20. Japan imports more meat and steel than France.21. Most countries continue to prefer to trade with nearby nations.22. Small computer components are manufactured in Germany.Question 23-26Complete the summary using the list of words, A-K, below.Write the correct letter, A-K, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.The Transport RevolutionModern cargo-handling methods have had a significant effect on 23 ………… as the business of moving freight around the world becomes increasingly streamlined. Manufacturers of computers, for instance, are able to import 24 ………… from overseas, rather than having to rely on a local supplier. The introduction of 25 ………… has meant that bulk cargo can be safely and efficiently moved over long distances. While international shipping is now efficient, there is still a need for governments to reduce 26 ………… in order to free up the domestic cargo sector.You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Climate Change and the InuitThe threat posed by climate change in the Arctic and the problems faced by Canada’s InuitpeopleA Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arctic. Inuit families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud, following early thaws. There are reports of igloos losing their insulating properties as tile snow drips and refreezes, of lakes draining into the sea as permafrost melts, and sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us, but in the Arctic it is already having dramatic effects — if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate, the Arctic Ocean could soon become virtually ice-free in summer. The knock-on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudierskies, increased precipitation and higher sea levels. Scientists are increasingly keen to find out what's going on because they consider the Arctic the 'canary in the mine' for global warming — a warning of what's in store for the rest of the world.B For the Inuit the problem is urgent. They live in precarious balance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct threat to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outside experts tell them what's happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are jealously guarding their hard-won autonomy in the country's newest territory, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is a challenge in itself.C The Canadian Arctic is a vast, treeless polar desert that's covered with snow for most of the year. Venture into this terrain and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers meagre pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by exploiting sea mammals and fish. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the colonists were successful, sometimes they failed and vanished. But around a thousand years ago, one group emerged that was uniquely well adapted to cope with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing kayaks, sleds, dogs, pottery and iron tools. They are the ancestors of today's Inuit people.D Life for the descendants of the Thule people is still harsh. Nunavut is 1.9 million square kilometres of rock and ice, and a handful of islands around the North Pole. It's currently home to 2,500 people, all but a handful of them indigenous Inuit. Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory's 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing. Provisions available in local shops have to be flown into Nunavut on one of the most costly air networks in the world, or brought by supply ship during the few ice-free weeks of summer. It would cost a family around ￡7,000 a year to replace meat they obtained themselves through hunting with imported meat. Economic opportunities are scarce, and for many people state benefits are their only income.E While the Inuit may not actually starve if hunting and trapping are curtailed by climate change, there has certainly been an impact on people's health. Obesity, heart disease and diabetes are beginning to appear in a people for whom these have never before been problems. There has been a crisis of identity as the traditional skills of hunting, trapping and preparing skins have begun to disappear. In Nunavut's 'igloo and email' society, where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land, there's a high incidence of depression.F With so much at stake, the Inuit are determined to play a key role in teasing out the mysteries of climate change in the Arctic. Having survived there for centuries, they believe their wealth of traditional knowledge is vital to the task. And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom, increasingly referred to as 'Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit', or IQ. 'In the early days scientists ignored us when they came up here to study, anything. They just figured these people don't know very much so we won't ask them,' says John Amagoalik, an Inuit leader and politician. 'But in recent years IQ has had much more credibility and weight.' In fact it is now a requirement for anyone hoping to get permission to do research that they consult the communities, who are helping to set the research agenda to reflect their most important concerns. They can turn down applications from scientists they believe will work against their interests, or research projects that will impinge too much on their daily lives and traditional activities.G Some scientists doubt the value of traditional knowledge because the occupation of the Arctic doesn't go back far enough. Others, however, point out that the first weather stations in the far north date back just 50 years. There are still huge gaps in our environmental knowledge, and despite the scientific onslaught, many predictions are no more than best guesses. IQ could help to bridge the gap and resolve the tremendous uncertainty about how much of what we're seeing is natural capriciousness and how much is the consequence of human activity.Question 27-32Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, into boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.Example Paragraph A Answer viii27 Paragraph B28 Paragraph C29 Paragraph D30 Paragraph E31 Paragraph F32 Paragraph GQuestion 33-40Complete the summary of paragraphs C and D belowChoose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from paragraphs C and D for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 33-40 on your answer sheet.If you visit the Canadian Arctic, you immediately appreciate the problems faced by people for whom this is home. It would clearly be impossible for the people to engage in 33 ………… as a means of supporting themselves. For thousands of years they have had to rely on catching 34 ………… and 35 ………… as a means of sustenance. The harsh surroundings saw many who tried to settle there pushed to their limits, although some were successful. The 36 ………… people were an example of the latter and for them the environment did not prove unmanageable. For the present inhabitants, life continues to be a struggle. The territory of Nunavut consists oflittle more than ice, rock and a few 37 …………. In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their 38 ………… lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on 39 ………… for their food and clothes. 40 ………… produce is particularly expensive.参考答案1 B2 C3 B4 F5 D6 A7 E8 A9 B10 A11 C12 (a) competition model13 (by) 2 per cent/%14 I15 F16 E17 D18 TRUE19 FALSE20 NOT GIVEN21 TRUE22 NOT GIVEN23 G24 B25 C26 A27 i28 vi29 iii30 vii31 iv32 ii33 farming34 & 35 (IN EITHER ORDER): sea mammals; fish36 Thule37 islands38 nomadic39 nature40 Imported。