英国文学主义解释

2 Metaphysical poetry: is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar.

3 Romance: it was a long composition, sometimes sin verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romance was knight and the reasons for their adventures could be love, religious faith, or the mere desire for excitement.

4 Renaissance: in essence, was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, to lift the restrictions in all areas placed by the roman church authorities, the essence of the renaissance is humanism.\

5 Humanism: emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, it believes that man was the center of universe and man have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life and had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.

6Enlightenment: is a term used to describe the trends in thought and letters in Europe and the American colonies during the 18th century prior to the French revolution. Its propose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. The enlightenmenters celebrated reason or rationally, equality and science. In the field of literature , they believed that the artistic should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy .

7Neoclassicism: In literary criticism, this term refers to the revival of the attitudes and styles of expression of classical literature. In its purest form, Neoclassicism marked a return to order, proportion, restrained emotion, logic, accuracy, and decorum.

8Romanticism: An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century. It tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience; Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind

9Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base. The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and man, and man and himself. The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public, more on the subjective than on the objective, they are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Modernism rejects rationalism, major concern the external, objective, material world.

Realists criticized, exposed and attacked the social wrongs, at the same time showed their sympat hy with the common people by passionately protesting against unbearable living conditions under which the poorer classes were groaning. Writers belonging to “the brilliant school of English nove lists” were called critical realists, and their trend was labeled “Critical Realism”。

Stream of consciousness: “Stream-of-Consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and men tal images as the character experiences them. It was first used in 1922 by the Irish novelist James Joyce. Those novels broke through the bounds of time and space, and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant, misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality. The modern American writer William Faulkner successfully advanced this technique. In his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. Time sequences were often dislocated. The reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories, rather than an observer. A high degree of emotion can be achieved by this technique.