诗经论文：《诗经》酒文化研究

诗经论文：《诗经》酒文化研究

【中文摘要】《诗经》是中国第一部诗歌总集,其中记录了从西周初年到春秋中叶的305篇诗歌,这些诗歌包含了春秋中叶之前人们的生活面貌、社会风俗、政治秩序等方面的场景,从这部作品几乎可以看到那个时代的社会全貌。这正是这部书的价值所在。历代对《诗经》的研究可以说涉及的面宽而广,本文试图从《诗经》中酒这一角度出发来研究先秦时代的文化。全文主体部分共分三章。第一章主要是对《诗经》中涉及到“酒”的诗篇进行梳理。其中介绍了中国古代酒之起源,并详细梳理出了《诗经》中与“酒”有关的章句以及《诗经》中所记载的各种酒器。据笔者统计,《诗经》中涉及到“酒”的诗篇有35篇,《诗经》的105篇《雅》中,“酒”字出现50次,其中《小雅》74篇,出现“酒”字39次,《大雅》31篇,出现“酒”字11次；《颂》40篇中,“酒”字共出现6次。如此高的出现频率充分展现出了当时的酒文化现状。《诗经》中共涉及到大概16种酒器,通过对酒器材料的整理,可以得出以下结论：酒器的不同使用场合、不同种类和不同质地,反映出的是不同的文化韵味,尤其是显示出了森严的等

级秩序。第二章主要从“礼”这一角度出发,对《诗经》所体现的酒文化进行论述。论文对《诗经》中的饮酒诗进行了简单的分类,笔者将其分为不具备礼仪性质的饮酒诗和十分讲究礼仪性质的饮酒诗两

大类进行了论述。结合《小雅·宾之初筵》和《大雅·行苇》比较完整地再现了当时饮酒的全过程,并深入分析了《诗经》中所体现的乡

饮酒礼和燕礼。乡饮酒礼的是被用作赞美宾客,表达礼贤下士的思想,最主要的是在整个仪式中,充分发挥了礼的规范作用,有效地约束了

众宾客在饮酒过程的言行举止。通过燕礼与乡饮酒礼的比较,可以看出,燕礼在很大程度上是从乡饮酒礼演化而来的,二者虽然相似但绝

不是雷同。第三章主要探讨了《诗经》中的酒德文化。首先论述了《诗经》之前的酒德文化,周初统治者吸取殷人纵酒亡国的教训,周建立之初便积极实施戒酒的政策。《尚书·酒诰》篇的核心要旨,是引导人们用政治形态观念去审视饮酒活动,把饮酒行为与国家治乱现象相联系,并由此形成了国家政治生活中“饮酒亡国”论或“酒祸”论的基本酒德政治意识。在此基础上探讨《诗经》中所蕴含的酒德文化,《诗经》中对饮酒的态度已不像《尚书·酒诰》中那么严厉,在《诗经》中出现了一些“酒鬼”形象和一些具有酒趣意味的诗篇。但这并不是说“《诗经》时代”己无酒德可言了,相反“酒德”与“酒礼”互为表里,共同规范着人们的饮酒行为。具体表现在《诗经》酒诗在殷周孝性理念的感染下,更关注的是宴饮双方的人格和道德评价,这一标准制约着人

们的言行举止,也为以后儒家以“礼”为行为准则的思想原型埋下了深远的伏笔。

【英文摘要】”Book of Songs” is the first collection of poems, including the Western Zhou Dynasty to the record from the middle of the three hundred and five spring and poetry, these poems contain people’s lives before the middle Spring and Autumn landscape, social customs, political order, etc.

scenes from this work is almost that time of dialysis to the social picture. This is the book’s literary value. History of the “Book of Songs” research can be said to involve the wide and extensive, this is trying to “Book of Songs”in the wine that perspective to the culture of pre-Qin era.The main part of the text is divided into three chapters.The first chapter on the “Book of Songs” related to “wine” to sort out the poems. Which describes the origin of wine in ancient China, and more came out of the “Book of Songs”in the “wine”relevant Chapters and the “Book of Songs” recorded in a rich and diverse variety of wine. According to my statistics, “Book of Songs” related to “wine” of the Psalms are 35, “Book of Songs” 105 “Ya”, the “wine” word appears 50 times, including “Xiao Ya,” 74, a “ wine “word 39 times,” Daya “31, a” wine “word 11 times. Such a high frequency of the wine culture was fully demonstrated the status quo. “Book of Songs” Communist involves more than 20 wine, wine by the collation of material, can draw the following

conclusions:different types, different textures and different combinations using the occasion to reflect different forms of cultural flavor, in particular, shows a strict hierarchical order.The second chapter from the “gift” that perspective,