商务英语翻译
电子商务专业英语商务英语翻译
1你能报给我这些商品的价格吗？Would you please quote me the price of these goods2 所报价格需包括到温哥华的保险和运费。
Price quoted should include insurance and freight to Vancouver3 希望您报成本加运费、保险费到温哥华的最低价格。
I’d like to you quote the lowest price of CIF to Vancouver4 请告知我们贵方能供货的价格。
Please inform us of the prices at which you can supply5 若贵方价格合理，我们可能向你们大量订货。
If your prices are reasonable, we may place a large order with you6 若我方向你们长期订货，请告知能给予多少折扣，不甚感激。
If I give you a long-term regular order, please let us know what discount you can grant，I really appreciate.7 请就下列每项货物向我方报成本加运费、保险费到西雅图的最低价格，其中包括我们百分之五的佣金。
Please quote us the lowest price of CIF to Seattle, for each of the following goods ,including our five percent commission.1.我们的包装完全适合于海运。
Our packing is completely suitable for transport by sea2.我们将完全按照你的指示包装货物。
We will packing the goods completely according to your instructions3.为了避免损坏，货物将采用木箱包装，但是这种包装的费用比较高。
商务英语重点 (翻译版)1
Guidelines for the Final Examination of Business English指导方针的最终考试商务英语2011 Fall Semester2011秋季学期（所有翻译均是按原文使用百度翻译的，基本都能知道大概意思）1. Scope1。
范围The content for the final examination will cover units 1-13 of the textbook, splitting i nto seven parts: True/False questions, blanks’ filling, multiple choices, Chinese/English translations, reading comprehension, and short-essay writing. Students are required to go over the texts/questions of listening task, speaking task (the first dialogue only), and reading task of each unit, as well as the notes or minutes taken from the class. For the writing tasks, students need know to write business letters and memos in formal format and etiquette as well as resume or curriculum vitae (CV). With provided information, students should be ready to write a short business letter or memo, or organize the information for a business presentation.内容为最后的考试将盖单位1 - 13的教材，分为七个部分：真/假问题，空白的填补，多种选择，中文/英文翻译，阅读理解，写作和short-essay。
商务英语翻译汇总
1 你什么时候要货呢？When do you want the goods?2 货送到哪里去？Where shall we deliver the goods?3 有没有送货地点的名片？Do you have card of delivery address.4 你拿多点数量可以便宜点。
We can lower the price, if you take more.5 这个很便宜了，我都算批发价价格给你了。
This is cheap, it is whole sale price.6 先生（女士），等一下，我看最低能多少钱给你。
Wait a minute, Sir/ Madam,7 这种款式没货了，这种质量和那种是一样的，价格也一样。
This style is out of stock. This one and that one are the same quality, same price.8 还需要点别的什么东西吗？Do you want any others?9 要好点的还是便宜的？Want goods products or cheap one?10 你要多少米的？How long do you want?11 算了，给你了。
下次多点来关顾。
OK, hope you can come again next time.12 等一下，他去仓库拿货给你看。
Wait a minute. He is going to the warehouse to take the goods.13 保修一年one year warranty14 一年内是质量问题可以拿回来换。
If there is quality problem, take it back, we replace it.15 我怎么联系你呢？How can I contact with you?16 这个数量太少了。
能不能订多点呢? Your order is too small, can you order more?17 我有便宜点的。
商务英语翻译 Unit 4
对于英语中以实喻虚的形象表现手法，翻译时应想方设法维系原 文的具体性及形象性，一个常用的手段即是从“实”到“实”，将英 语的以实喻虚译成汉语的以实喻虚。 The magic spades of archaeology have given us the whole lost world of Egypt. - 考古学家变魔术似地把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。 - 考古学家用神奇的铁铲把古埃及的整个世界都给我们发掘出来了。
Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine. - 山姆知道不论境遇如何，他都可把家庭作为靠山。
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the colonialists.
The newspaper claims to be the mirror of public opinions. -该报宣称忠实反映了公众的意见。
What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave. - 少时所学，到老不忘。 How do we account for this split between the critics and the readers, the head and the heart? - 评论家和读者之间，也就是理智和感情之间的这种分歧如何解释呢？
２．用范畴词使抽象概念具体化。 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties. - 那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。 We want to learn to laugh in the face of the inevitable, to smile at the looming of the death. - 我们需要学会对不可避免的事情报以大笑，甚至以微笑面对死亡的 威胁。
剑桥商务英语(BEC)初级翻译汇总
翻译1．你父亲做什么工作（谋生）？What does your father do for a living?2．我是搞软件开发的。
I'm on the software development side.3．我以前没有这儿见过你。
I haven't seen you around before.4．约翰在一家计算机公司干了许多年了。
John has been with a computer company for years.5．我妻子在家工作。
My wife works from / at home.6、因为要开个会，周五下午我恐怕不能来。
I’m afraid I can’t come on Friday afternoon, because I will be having a meeting then.7、我们打算在这个地区建一座新工厂。
W e are going to set up a new plant in this area.8、你们公司的总部设在哪儿？Where is your company based?9、I’m sort of surprised.north mid-west of the States 美国中西部的北部10、你也从纽约来？真是太巧了。
You are also from New York? That’s really a coincidence.11、我们定个日子一起吃饭吧。
Let’s fix up a date to have dinner together.12、我们将尽力满足客户的需求。
We’ll try to meet the customers’ demands13、两个陌生人正在尽量寻找双方都感兴趣的话题。
Two strangers are trying to find topics of common interest.14、这是我第二次来美国。
商务英语术语翻译
07A1. Taking Delivery2.Factor endowments3.Learning effects4.clusters of related industries5. Location-specific advantage6.attentiveness7.industrial dispute8. equity(in accounting)9. down payment10. bonus point 11.Work permit 12. floor plan13. freehold 14.leasehold 15.stakeholder16. a filing cabinet 17.expenses claims sheet 18. no-frills airlines19. staff turnover 20.workshop1) 提货2) 要素禀赋3) 学习效应4) 相关产业集群5) 区位优势6) 周到7) 劳资纠纷8) 净资产9). 首付10) 积分11) 工作许可证12) 楼层平面图13) 永业产权14)_租赁权15). 利益悠关方16) 文件柜17) 费用报销单18) 经济型航空公司19) 员工流动20) 研讨会_07B1. Value for money2.Factor endowments3.Learning effects4.outstanding balance5. Location-specific advantage6. mortgage7.industrial dispute 8.motoring magazine 9. down payment10.press coverage 11.Work permit 12. full amenities13. leasehold 14.breakeven 15.stakeholder16.disposal 17.expenses claims sheet 18. take precautions19. staff turnover 20. civil liability1)物有所值2) 要素禀赋3) 学习效应4) 余额5) 区位优势6) 住房按揭7) 劳资纠纷8) 汽车杂志9). 首付10) 报道篇幅11) 工作许可证12) 全套设施13) 租赁权14) _盈亏平衡15). 利益悠关方16) 处置财产17) 费用报销单18) 采取防范措施19) 员工流动20) _ 民事责任08A1. Profit and loss statement2.Factor endowments3. Zero inventory4.EPS(earnings per share)5. Location-specific advantage6. Taking Delivery7.Industrial dispute8. Equity(in accounting)9. Lecture theatre10.lump sum 11.Work permit 12. Overheads13. Freehold 14.General merchandise 15.Stakeholder16. FOB(Free On Board) plimentary tickets 18. No-frills airlines 19. Staff turnover 20. Know-how1) 损益表2) 要素禀赋3)零库存4)每股收益5) 区位优势6) 提货7) 劳资纠纷8) 净资产9). 阶梯教室10) 一次性付款11) 工作许可证12) 公司日常开支13) 永业产权14)_杂货15). 利益悠关方16) 离岸价17) 免费赠送票18) 经济型航空公司19) 员工流动20)专有技术/略号08B1.A backlog of orders2. Net worth3. Financing cost4.Core competence5.Corporate event6. Bulk discount7.risk-free investment 8.Brand stretching 9. Disposal10.Bargaining power 11.Legal action 12. Annual Leave13. Leasehold 14.Roadshow 15. Operating margins16. CIF 17. Dividend per share 18. Concession19. Settle the balance 20. Tribunal rules1) 定单积压2) 净资产3) 融资成本4) 核心竞争力5) 企业社交活动6) 批量折扣7) 无风险投资8) 品牌延伸9). 出售10) 议价能力11) 法律诉讼12) 年假13) 租赁14)_路演15). 经营利润16) 到岸价17) 每股分红18) 减让19) 结清余款20) 法庭裁决。
商务英语900句中英文翻译
商务英语口语900句Pａｒｔ１1、Ｗe＇d lｉｋe to ｅxpress our ｄesirｅto establisｈbusiｎesｓrelationｓhｉｐwiｔh you on ｔheｂasｉｓｏf quaｌｉty，mutual beｎefｉt ａnd exｃhaｎge oｆneedｅd goods、我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要得货物得基础上与您们建立业务关系。
２、Iｎorｄer to eｘtenｄｏuｒexport busｉnｅss tｏyｏｕr couｎtry we wisｈto entｅr inｔo direct buｓｉｎess relａtioｎs ｗiｔh ｙoｕ、为了扩大我们在贵国得出口业务，我们希望与您们建立直接贸易关系。
3、Our hope iｓto ｅstａｂlisｈｍuｔuallｙbｅnｅficｉａl ｔｒａｄing relatｉonｓbeｔween us、希望在我们之间能够建立互惠互利得贸易关系。
4、We looｋｆoｒｗａrｄｔo further extensions ｏf pleasanｔbｕｓiness relａtiｏns、我们期待进一步保持愉快得业务关系。
5、Iｔ’ｓour hoｐe tｏｃontiｎue wiｔh conｓｉderable businesｓdｅalingｗith yｏｕ、我们得希望就是与您们保持可观得生意往来。
６、Ｗｅｌooｋforwaｒd tｏreceｉvinｇyouｒｑuotaｔｉon ｖeｒｙｓｏoｎ、我们期待尽快收到您们得报价单。
7、I hoｐeｙou sｅe ｆrom the rｅduction that ｗe ａrｅreally ｄoing our utｍｏst、我希望您能够瞧到我们事实上已经作出了最大程度得让价.8、We hopｅtｏdiscｕss ｂusinｅｓｓwith yｏu at ｙour earliesｔconveｎｉence、我们希望在您方便得时候与您洽谈业务.9、We wｉｓh to express ouｒｄｅsire to ｔｒade withｙou in leａｔher shｏes、我们非常希望与您进行皮鞋得买卖生意。
商务英语常用词汇翻译
商贸英语常用词汇翻译1.registered trademark注册商标2.maket quotation市场行情3.arbitral award仲裁裁决4.entertain a claim受理索赔5.sole / exclusive agent独家代理6.business standing商业信用7. sales confirmation销售确认书/合同8.preferential tariff特惠关税9. exclusive distribution独家经销10.bonded area保税区11.discrepant document不符单据12. underwriter承保人/保险公司13.insurance coverage保险范围14.exchange rate兑换率15.close an order决定成交16. under separate cover另外邮寄17. conclude a deal达成交易18.withdraw an offer撤销报价19.dishonor退票20.gross margin毛利1.enclosed literature 内附说明书2.down payment 预付定金3.instalment payment 分期付款4.pay on delivery 货到付款5.effect\cover\take out insurance办理保险，投保6.dismiss a claim 驳回索赔7.spot price 现货价格8.forward price 期货价格9.tax holiday 免税期10.find a ready market 畅销11.excute\implement a contract 执行合同12.tie up bunds 占压资金13.extend L/C 延长信用证14.amend L/C 修改信用证15.expiry date 到期日16.deferred payment 延期付款17.breach of contract 违约18.resort to arbitration 诉诸仲裁19.financial position 财务状况20.best-selling line 畅销货1.forwarding agent 运输代理人2.close account 结账3.interest-free loan 无息贷款4.export declaration 出口报关5.trade fiction 贸易摩擦6.improvement trade 加工贸易7.trade practice 贸易惯例8.clearance sale 清仓甩卖9.customs detention 海关扣留10.protest note 拒付通知11.tax avoidance 避税12.tax abatement 减税13.tax dodger 偷税人14. tax evasion 逃税，漏税15.tax heaven 免税地区，避税天堂1.full payment 全额付款2.account payment 应付款3.account receivable 应收款4.running account 流水账5.forwarder 承运人6.annual turnover 年营业额7.resort to litigation 诉诸诉讼8.invitation to bid 招标9.service charge 手续费10.back freight 退货运费。
商务英语课文翻译
商务英语课文翻译-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit1 Made in Europe 欧洲制造Almost every fashion label outside the top super-luxury brands is either already manufacturing in Asia or 5 thinking of it. Coach, the US leather goods maker, is a classic example. Over the past five years, it has lifted all its gross margins by manufacturing solely in low-cost markets. In March 2002 it closed its factory in Lares,Puerto Rico, its last company-owned plant, and outsources all its products.除了顶级奢侈品牌外几乎所有的时尚品牌都已经在亚洲生产，或者正在考虑这么做。
美国的皮革商品制造商蔻驰（Coach）就是一个经典的例子。
在过去的五年中，它通过仅在低成本市场生产来提升毛利率。
在 2002 年的 3 月，它关闭了在波多黎各拉雷斯的最后一间公司所属工厂，将所有产品全部外包。
Burberry has many Asian licensing arrangements. In 2000 it decidedto renew Sanyo's Japanese licence for ten years. This means that almost half of Burberry's sales at retail value will continue to be produced under license in Asia. At the same time however, Japanese consumers prefer the group's European-made products.巴宝莉（Burberry）在亚洲持有许多许可授权安排。
商务英语阅读unit3翻译
Unit11. After months of researching Northwestern on the Web and grilling friends, teachers and advisers who had gone there, Maxine pinned her hopes on getting accepted.经过数月在网上搜索并研究NW大学和仔细询问到访过NW大学的朋友、老师和顾问，Maxine 最终希望自己能被NW大学录取。
2. For students like Maxine who are applying to college for next fall, that dream is turning out to be frustratingly unobtainable. It turns out the odds of getting into a selective college have never been worse.对于像Maxine一样正在申请秋季入学的学生来说，他们会沮丧地发现这一梦想难以实现。
考入一所名校的机会从未如此渺茫。
3. But admissions directors are already worrying about the shrinking pool of future applicants, especially the sliver of those who can afford to foot the $40,000 annual tab.---但是招生主管们已经开始担忧申请者数量缩减的问题，尤其是为数不多的每年有能力支付4万美元的那部分申请者。
4. Those who left private schools in the 1980s and 1990s can expect to earn 35% more in life than the average product of a state school, they found, around half of which can be attributed to education, not background.20世纪80年代和90年代中期的私立学校毕业生能够期望一生的收入比国立中学的普通毕业生多35%，他们发现这其中大约一半可以归因于他们所受的教育，而非背景。
商务英语段落翻译
1.There is no alternative but to blend together different kinds of information.First, take whatever evidence econometrics can yield about the way the forces driving FDI——size of host-country market, expected growth, input costs, geography and natural resources, and the policy framework——have worked in the past.别无他法，我们只能将各种不同种类的信息联系起来进行分析。
首先，采取任何经济计量学中产生的可以驱动FDI的要素，包括东道国市场规模、预期增长、投入成本、地理优势和自然资源、政策构架已经在过去起作用了2. Look at Beyond Petroleum. It says it is an energy problem solver. Yet not much green has come out of its entrails. Each country has abiding cultural icons, its sacred cows that make global corporate communications quite challenge. What is culturally and politically correct in one country may not be so in another.看BP公司。
它宣称自己是能源问题解决者。
尽管其并没有太多绿色环保的产品从其中流露出来。
每个国家都有其长久的文化图腾，它们的文化图腾物使得全球化的企业的交流遇到了挑战。
在一个国家文化或政治领域现在通行的现象或做法并不一定在另一个国家也可行。
剑桥商务英语(BEC)初级翻译汇总
翻译1．你父亲做什么工作（谋生）？What does your father do for a living?2．我是搞软件开发的。
I'm on the software development side.3．我以前没有这儿见过你。
I haven't seen you around before.4．约翰在一家计算机公司干了许多年了。
John has been with a computer company for years.5．我妻子在家工作。
My wife works from / at home.6、因为要开个会，周五下午我恐怕不能来。
I’m afraid I can’t come on Friday afternoon, because I will be having a meeting then.7、我们打算在这个地区建一座新工厂。
W e are going to set up a new plant in this area.8、你们公司的总部设在哪儿？Where is your company based?9、I’m sort of surprised.north mid-west of the States 美国中西部的北部10、你也从纽约来？真是太巧了。
You are also from New York? That’s really a coincidence.11、我们定个日子一起吃饭吧。
Let’s fix up a date to have dinner together.12、我们将尽力满足客户的需求。
We’ll try to meet the customers’ demands13、两个陌生人正在尽量寻找双方都感兴趣的话题。
Two strangers are trying to find topics of common interest.14、这是我第二次来美国。
商务英语翻译
1.福利津贴指的是基本工资以外，高于基本工资，用来资助所享福利的额外收入。
Your benefit premium is the additional amount over and above base pay which is provided to help fund your benefits.2. 市场疲软，股票价格看跌，这种股市称为熊市。
When a market is depressed, and security prices are falling, the market is then described as a bear market.3. 不愿忍受高风险的投资者可以通过购买盈利公司的股票来避免该不稳定因素Private investors unwilling to tolerate high levels of risk can reduce this uncertainty by buying shares in blue chip companies.4.对各家制造商最近所进行的调查显示，近十年是人们对未来的信心增强幅度最大的时候，他们对出口尤其抱乐观态度。
The latest survey of manufacturers shows that the past ten years is the time in which people have had the biggest increase in optimism. They are particularly optimistic about export5.当前我国经济发展一个显著特点，是既要保持经济的快速增长，又成功的抑制了通货膨胀。
A salient feature in China’s econ omic development at present is that we have been able to achieve rapid economic growth and successfully keep inflation under control at the same time.6.西部开发对扩大内需，推动国民经济持续增长，对于促进各地需经济协调发展，最终实现共同富裕，对于加强人民团结，维护社会稳定和巩固边防，都具有十分重要的意义。
商务英语翻译实例
商务英语翻译实例3001. Bill of Lading 提单A title to goods isn't like a bill of lading.货物所有权不同于提货单.2. A bill of lading may be either freight prepaid or freight payable at destination.提单所规定的运费,可以预先支付,或在目的地支付.3. The bill of lading should be marked as “ freight prepaid ".提单上应该注明“运费预付”字样.4. The ship - owner has issued a clean on board bill of lading.船东已签发了清洁装运提单.5. Is it enough that we can have an on board bill of lading to claim a settlement? 我们有已装船提单就可索赔了吗?6. Oh, by the way, remember that we want extra copiesof the Bill of Lading.噢, 还有, 记住,我们要一份提货单.7. We'll send you two sets of the Shipped, Clean Bill of Lading.我们将寄送两套已装运清洁提单付款.8. The third party ocean Bill of Lading is not acceptable.第三方的海运提单是不被接受的.. cover note 担保书；承保单9. Cover Note (Insurance Certificate) follows as soon as we receive it from the underwriter. 一接到保险人的保险凭证，我们就立即寄给你方10. 风险指数--- economic indicator 经济停滞---economic stagnation风险资本---venture capital合并和兼并---mergers and acquisitions产品系列---product line11.我方确认往来电报，参见所附文本。
(完整版)商务英语翻译
1.我们很抱歉地通知你方价格无竞争力，若贵方能降低价格，使我方可接受的话，我们仍对交易感兴趣。
We're sorry to inform you that your price has been found uncompetitive， but we’re still interested in doing business if you can bring down your price to a level acceptable.2.中国经济过去属规划经济，在五年计划和十年计划下运作。
近年来,中国引进多项经济改革，旨在将中国经济由规划经济转变为具有社会主义特色的市场经济。
The PRC economy was in the past a planned economy which is subject to five and ten years plans. In recent years, economic reforms were introduced to aim at transforming the PRC economy from a planned economy into a market economy with socialist characteristics.3.本银行(通知银行）受通汇银行（开证银行）的委托，对本信用证加以保兑，并在此保证，凡提交贵公司（受益人）依信用证条款签发的汇票，届时由本银行兑付。
At the request of the correspondent （the Issuing Bank）， we (the Advising Bank）have been requested to add our confirmation to this credit and we hereby affirm that all drafts drawn by you （Beneficiary) in accordance with the terms of the credit will be duly honored by us。
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三、外包装用语翻译技巧
• 1、直译
• 多用祈使句，翻译时多用四字，对仗工整，
视觉美观，如： • Hands Off 切勿触摸 • Keep in Hold 装于舱内 • Store Away from Boiler 勿近锅炉 • Guard against Damp 切勿受潮
• 2、正话反说 • Keep Dry 切勿受潮 • Keep Upright 切勿倒置 • Keep Flat 切勿倾斜
considering local legal requirements as a minimum standard. • 该项承诺通过将当地法律要求认作基本标准来得 以实施。 • 2、多用名词、动名词、动词不定式P130例7 • 摒弃复杂句式，简单句，列举
• 3、多用省略——标语口号
• Personal attention. Efficiency. Collaboration. One central office. These aren’t normally words you would use to describe a leading accounting firm, but it’s exactly the kind service we deliver at Clark Nuber.
第二节 企业宣传资料的翻译
• 一、企业宣传资料的内容（教材128-129） • 1、公司简介 • 2、产品介绍 • 3、公司战略、公司文化和公益事业 • 4、企业标语和口号
二、企业宣传资料的句式特点
• 1、多用被动语态 • This commitment is put into practice by
• 私人关注、效率、合作、集中办公，这些不是用 来描述一家有突出地位的会计公司的用词，而是 我们克拉克.纽伯公司的具体服务性质。
三、企业宣传资料的翻译技巧
• 1、直译法 • When the war ended, the plants remained
in operation. Coca- Cola became the world’s symbol of peace. Coke is now familiar world- wide. • 战争结束后，工厂继续运营。可口可乐成为世 界和平的标志。现在可乐世界闻名。 • （注意：名称、地点、人名等音译；循旧例）
第九章
包装用语、企业宣传资料 与商务新闻报道的翻译
第一节 包装用语的翻译
• 包装的作用——保护商品、促销
• 包装用语——指导装卸、运输、储存及销 售过程的注意事项
• 翻译不当——损毁客户形象、造成误解、 影响产品安全
• 一、外包装用语 • 运输包装又称为外包装，其用语包括： • 运输标志（Shipping Mark） • 指示用语（Indicative Mark） • 警示性用语（Warning Mark） • 特点： • 1、多用单词或短语： • Inflammable Solid易燃固体 • 2、多用祈使句： • Handle With Care小心轻放
• 2、意译法 • TRAVEL 2 LIVE旅行去体验生活 • TRAVEL 2 RESPECT旅行去崇尚尊敬 • TRAVEL 2 EXPLORE旅行去开拓探索 • TRAVEL 4 PEACE旅行为维护和平
• 3、拆译法
• As the premiere sponsor and exclusive corporate funder of INNOVATION, Siemens received prominent visibility on national television and via a cross- platform campaign that targeted Siemens’s key audiences via advertising, the Internet, national publicity, diverse community outreach partnerships, product licensing and customer events.
• 作为INNOVATION的主要发起人和独家公司赞助商， 西门子公司成为公众瞩目的焦点。不仅在国家电台做了 播报，而且以其主要客户为对象，通过广告、国际互联 网、国家发布会、多家社区接洽合作、产品授权以及客 户活动等方式举办了一个跨平台活动。
第三节 商务新闻报道的翻译
• 一、商务新闻报道的特点 • 1、标题（Headline） • 言简意赅、风趣幽默、清晰醒目 • 多用小词（midget words）、缩略语 • 多用对偶和押韵 • Fewer Death, Lower Debt 死亡减少，债务减
二、外包装用语翻译原则
• 1、简洁醒目 • Not be Stow Below Other Cargo • 正：小心怕压 • 误：切勿收藏至其他货物下方 • 2、语气正式 • Keep in a Cool Place • 正：切勿受热 • 误：存在一个凉快的地方 • 3、沿用惯例 • 忌讳别出心裁，要沿用约定俗成的说法。
• 3、转换（英语形容词转换为汉语名词） • Radial 放射品 • Fragile 易碎品
四、内包装用语特点和翻译原则
• 内包装主要阐述商品的品牌、数量、规格、 成分等
• 翻译原则： • 1、准确性：实事求是，不得随意删减 • 2、等效性：一般商品要接近大众，其他专
业器械等特殊商品注意用词专业性。
元？
• 3、本体（Body） • 词汇：商业词汇与数字，还有新词
轻 • er.晚干胜于不干/亡羊补牢
• 2、导言（Lead） • Who、what、when、where、why、how
• 提纲挈领、以尽量简明的方式概括主要事实
• How OPEC’s fear of $5 oil led to $50 oil? • 害怕跌到5美元，OPEC怎样使油价涨到了50美