新编商务英语阅读教程Book 3 Unit 7 Part A Text A
Book 3 Unit 7[2页]
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Key Book 3 Unit 7Section I Listening and speakingTask 11. The mini-cooper is fueling up.2. The Sinopec product.3. The racing car is fueling up.4. A gas station.5. It is a hydrogen fueling station.6. A gasoline nozzle.1. E2. F3. A4. D5. B6. CTask 21. F2. E3. B4. D5. C6. ATask 4:Dialogue 1:Attendant：Can I help you, sir？Sam：Yes，I've been sitting here for a few minutes. I'm waiting for someone to put____gas______in my car.Attendant：I'm sorry, sir. But this is the___self-service_____pump.Sam：Self-service？Attendant：Yes. You must___fill___up the car yourself.Sam：Are you serious？Attendant：Yes. Are you traveling here？In America, most gas stations are like this. Sam：Do I really have to do it? I don't know how.Attendant：Well, I will do it for you this time. But next time, if you want a__full-service__gas station, you should look at the__sign___. There will be a smaller sign that says “Self-Serve” or “Full-Service.” And some gas stations have both. Sam：I see.Dialogue 2:Attendant：Hi, what kind of gas does this car ___take_______？Sam：I don't know. It's a____rental______.Attendant：I will give you premium unleaded. Alright？Sam：Well, I don't want it then. Can I move to another__pump________？Attendant：Yes，I can give you regular unleaded. But you have to back up the car a little.Sam：Give me___regular____unleaded then. I will back up. Can you wash my windows for me？Attendant：I'm sorry，sir. This is not a__full___service gas station.Sam：Really？Well, I guess I have to get used to it.Reading AHydrogen Fueling StationWith the opening of the first hydrogen fueling station at Aiken, researchers from South Carolina seem to have materialized what they have been preaching for the past few years. With a ribbon-cutting ceremony, the “Hydrogen Highway” road sign was revealed and a full demonstration describing the fueling process was given by the officials. This simple fueling procedure includes a locking nozzle attached to the standard-sized opening situated at the side of vehicle. Once the pump self-checks, fueling starts, which can be heard easily as in the case of gasoline.With the inauguration of this fueling station, the National Hydrogen Conference, which is expected to gather more than 1,000 researchers, entrepreneurs and others to the state for future discussion about hydrogen research, has also started. South Carolina Speaker Bobby Harrel assured that hydrogen will be the next viable energy source of the nation in the future. Furthermore, details suggest that with the increase in demand of hydrogen as fuel, the price will also fall.1. C2. D3. D4. D。
全新版大学英语教程3第6、7单元课文textA原文翻译及课后答案
全新版⼤学英语教程3第6、7单元课⽂textA原⽂翻译及课后答案u n i t6T h e L a s t L e a f When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done?约翰西病情严重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。
医⽣对她不抱什么希望。
朋友们看来也爱莫能助。
难道真的就⽆可奈何了吗？The Last LeafO. Henry 1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.最后⼀⽚叶⼦欧·亨利在⼀幢三层砖楼的顶层，苏和约翰西辟了个画室。
“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。
她们⼀位来⾃缅因州，⼀位来⾃加利福尼亚。
两⼈相遇在第⼋⼤街的⼀个咖啡馆，发现各⾃在艺术品味、菊苣⾊拉，以及灯笼袖等⽅⾯趣味相投，于是就有了这个两⼈画室。
2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5⽉⾥的事。
商务英语阅读 Unit 3
2
Warm-up
I. Read the news on P.30 and discuss the questions. 1. What’s the source of the news? 2. What’s wrong with Starbucks according to the news? 3. What factors are considered in pricing according to Starbucks? 4. What do you think of the price of Starbucks? 5. What would you consider in the buying of one product?
( D ) 10. current price
J. 利润最大化
Comprehensive Reading
Text A
Comprehension I. Answer the following questions according to Text A.
1. What should a company consider in fixing the price of the product? 2. What methods are traditionally used in assessing pricing policies? 3. Is the low price strategy always effective? Why or why not? 4. Which objective of pricing would be the best approach for the medium-size or small business? 5. What factors should be considered in
商务英语综合教程第三册Unit 7 Insurance Industry
Company Logo
Unit 7 Insurance Industry (5)
Text Analysis
1. Insurance is appropriate when you want to protect against a significant monetary loss. Take life insurance as an example. If you are the primary breadwinner in your home, the loss of income that your family would experience as a result of our premature death is considered a significant loss and hardship that you should protect them against.
take ... as an example 把…作为一个例子 (1) Take my studying English as an
example. She always regards me as a lazy boy in it. • 拿我学英语为例吧，她总以为我不用功.
(2)"Take our Cinderella as an example. The face of Disney's Cinderella face is European, but ours is a Chinese. She looks like a young Chinese country girl, " he said.
商务英语阅读(第三版)Chapter_7
Political-Legal Environment The political environment includes regulatory burden and red tape, taxes, levels of political corruption, public works services, labor market regulation, policy predictability, property rights, contract enforcement, regulations controlling startup and bankruptcy, competition law, and entry to finance and infrastructure markets.
The macro environment consists of factors which are beyond the control of the business (STEP) - Sociocultural, Technological, Economic and PoliticalLegal. Changes in the micro environment will directly affect and impinge on the firm's activities. Changes in the macro environment will indirectly affect the business but will nonetheless affect it. For example, a change in legislation such as the smoking ban indirectly affects pubs and restaurants.
商务英语阅读教程3 课后翻译
Unit 1Text A1. 经过数月在网上搜寻并研究西北大学和仔细询问到访过西北大学的朋友、老师和咨询顾问,玛克辛最终希望自己能被西北大学录取。
2. 对于像玛克辛一样正在申请秋季入学的学生来说,他们会沮丧地发现这一梦想难以实现。
考入一所知名院校的机会从未如此渺茫。
3. 但是招生主管们已经开始担忧申请者数量缩减的问题,尤其是为数不多的每年有能力支付4 万美金费用的那部分申请者。
Text B1. 20 世纪80 年代和90 年代初期,私立中学的毕业生一生的预期收入比公立中学的普通毕业生多35%,研究人员发现这其中大约一半可以归因于他们所接受的教育,而非他们的背景。
2. 研究人员也尽量精确地描述私立中学施展魔力的办法:凭借更优秀的考试成绩,而不是凭借关系网带来的各种机会或者质量更高的诸如礼仪或领导方法等软技巧的教学。
3. 一位知情人士认为如下的操作不太可能:许多父母通过再抵押贷款来支付学费,但由于不稳定的房价和银行日益紧缩的信贷条件,这条路很快就走不通了。
Unit 2Text A1. 随着金砖四国(巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国)以及其他新兴市场的经济影响力和自信不断增强,发展重点方面的差异一定会变得越来越重要。
2. 非政府组织试图提高贫困人民的生活水平,公司则渴望赢得具有巨大增长潜力的市场中的消费者,非政府组织和公司之间存在着利益趋同现象。
3. 要签署加入《联合国全球契约》,公司只需承诺履行十大主要准则，例如提高环保的责任意识,反对腐败,并且每年汇报一次他们所取得的进展。
Text B1. 在为数不多的出类拔萃、堪称日本企业典范的跨国公司中，索尼一直居于领导者的地位，从特丽珑电视到索尼随身听，这些产品的成功代表了电子消费品的品质，但这个品牌正随着过去成功势头的消退而日渐衰落。
2. 出井伸之提前一年离职的决定表明公司可能比预想的还要糟糕，而他定下的 2007 年利润恢复至 10%的目标更是遥不可及。
3. 年复一年，扩张造成了行动缓慢的大型化趋向，并且索尼公司也成了日本企业界停滞不前的案例。
Book 3 Unit 7
Байду номын сангаас
or “to accept sth without questioning whether it is true or not.”
14. It serves you right --- it’s your own fault 15. or from some reporter bent on
Please hold on
Hang up Lift the telephone, pick up the telephone, answer
the telephone It’s engaged You’re through ,
2. he is taking too much for granted --- he is too sure of himself about my owning a telephone
had been successful.
Be engaged --- (of a telephone line) be busy in use; (of a
person) be busy
Sorry, the line is engaged. Please ring again in a few
minutes later.
Professor Roberts regrets that he is unable to attend your
birthday party, because he is engaged in some atomic research miles away from the city.
新编商务英语阅读教程Unit 3 Part A Text A
This is the most important step How managers should inform
their customers about its product. including sales approach， marketing strategies.
This is the forth element in the
marketing mix. How manufacturers get its product to the customers.
Finding the best mix of
4Ps has become an increasingly task for most business.
Definition
can be defined as the blend of 4 Ps---Product, Price, Promotion, Placement that satisfies the demands of the chosen market segment. The 4 Ps have to fit closely together.
By Jack
end 混合 reevaluation 重新评估 disposable 用后即丢掉的 diaper 尿布 desirability 可取，值得想望 reformulate 重新配制 strategist 策略家 remedy 药品
apparel 衣服；服饰 security service 安全服务 marketing program 营销方案 have an edge over 占优势 market segment 细分市场，市场群族 disposable baby diaper 一次性婴儿尿布 generic product 非商标产品 limited warranty 有限保修 take notice 注意
新编商务英语阅读教程练习参考答案
《新编商务英语阅读教程》(第二版)练习参考答案(总24页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《新编商务英语阅读教程》（第二版）练习参考答案Unit OneI.1. 资产C2. 边际变动E3. 市场势力I4. 劳动生产力（率）J5. 经济学A6. 市场失灵G7. 市场经济F8. 机会成本D9. 通货膨胀K10. 外部性H11. 效率B12. 菲利普斯曲线LII.Passage One经济学的研究主要分为两部分：宏观经济学与微观经济学。
宏观经济学着眼于经济全局——一幅宏观的画面。
在宏观经济学中，我们研究国家的政策目标，例如充分就业、抑制通货膨胀、经济增长等，而不考虑个人或者单个团体的利益和行为。
对宏观经济学的关注是为了从总体上认识并改善经济的运行。
微观经济学则关注宏观画面中的细节。
在微观经济学中，我们着眼于实际构成宏观经济的个人、厂商和政府机构。
我们感兴趣的是这些独立经济单位的行为。
他们的目标何在以有限资源实现目标的途径是什么如何对各种激励和机会做出反应宏观经济学主要关注，例如，总消费性支出对总产出、就业及物价的影响。
很少关注消费性支出及其决定因素的实际内涵。
相反，微观经济学关注的是个体消费者具体的支出决策及其影响因素（爱好、物价水平、收入状况）。
宏、微观经济学的区别还反映在关于企业投资的讨论中。
宏观经济学中，我们需要了解决定企业总投资率的因素以及这些投资对一国的总产出、就业及物价水平产生影响的路径。
而微观经济学中，我们关注的是各家企业关于生产率、生产要素的抉择以及具体物品的定价决策。
了解宏、微观经济学的区别并非难事。
在现实社会，宏观经济的表现有赖于微观行为，而微观行为又受宏观经济表现的影响。
因此，人们只有了解了所有经济活动的参与者的行为方式及其成因，才能充分了解整个经济的运作方式。
但是，就如你会开车而不懂发动机的构造原理那样，你能观察到经济运行方式但并不能完全解开其中奥秘。
新编商务英语阅读教程Book 3 Unit1 Part 1 Text A
Equilibrium price is not static but changes as demand and supply increase and decrease.
Exercise
Comprehension Vocabulary
Assignment
Preview text B
Thank you!!!!
Equilibrium price
Customers want a lower price, and at the same time, marketers want a higher price, so the price they make an exchange is the equilibrium price.
New terms and words
specified price 特定的价格 hold back 储备 equilibrium price 均衡价格
Importance of Price
Extremely important,
Marketing mix consists of product, promotion and distribution costs . Each directly affects the price.
New terms and words
marketer 专营特定商品的商号或者商 人 vinyl 聚乙烯的 rink （溜冰场） equilibrium 平衡，均衡 interact 相互作用，相互影响 static 静止的，不变的 dissimilar 不同的，不相似的
Competitionபைடு நூலகம்
Book3 unit7
BILL PORTER’S SELLING LIFE
GO
Text Structure
Scan the text to see how many parts it has?
Part I: 5:45am Part II: 7:45am Part III: sometime after 7:45 Part VI: after 7 pm
Text A: Life of a Salesman
6
betray: show a lack of loyalty to; give or show (sb./sth.) to an enemy Examples: He was accused of betraying his country during the war. It turned out that he was an informer (告密者), and, betrayed the plan to the German.
Sunday, November 19, 1995
The portrait of Bill Porter
About the Author
Tom Hallman Jr. is a senior reporter specializing in features at The Oregonian. He joined the paper in 1980 and covered the police beat for a decade, longer than any reporter since the 1950s. While covering cops, Hallman began writing feature stories -- at first off the beat, then the stories of everyday people. He was a Pulitzer Prize final95 and in feature writing in 1999. He has won the Ernie Pyle Award for human-interest writing, the ASNE Distinguished Writing Award for nondeadline writing (twice), the featurewriting award from the Society of Professional Journalists and the Livingston Award for Young Journalists.
商务英语阅读unit 3
It is not new, though. For thousands of years, people—and, later, corporations—have been buying from and selling to each other in lands at great distances, such as through the famed Silk Road across Central Asia that connected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
Political Factor. There is a trend toward the unification and socialization of the global community. Preferential trading arrangements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the European Union, that group several nations into a single market have presented firms with significant marketing opportunities. Many have moved swiftly to enter either through exporting or by producing in the area.
高职新编商务英语(第二版)阅读教程1 课件目录chapter1
Contents1ContentsPart A Text /1 Text A Business and Your Life / 1Text B Competition in Business / 9Part B Fast Reading /18Unit 1Part A Text /23 Text A Marketing Is All Around Us / 23 Text B How Marketing Serves Us / 32Part B Fast Reading /39Unit 2Part A Text /45 Text A Buying Motives / 45Text B How and Where People Buy / 53Part B Fast Reading /64Unit 3Part A Text /71 Text A Selling / 71 Text B “I ’ve Never Been Able to Bargain, Even with anArmenian Rug Dealer ” / 79Part B Fast Reading /88Unit 4Part A Text /94 Text A American Business Heroes / 94Text B Bill Gates / 102Part B Fast Reading /110Unit 5Test 1 /1172新编商务英语(第二版)阅读教程1Part A Text /Text A Types of Business Organizations Text B The Trouble with Being a Tycoon Part B Fast Reading Unit 6Part A Text /Text A Other Types of Business Organizations Text B Franchising in China: A Dead Duck?Part B Fast Reading Unit 7Part A Text /172 Text A The Coca-Cola Company ’s First Hundred Years (Ⅰ) / 172 Text B The Coca-Cola Company ’s First Hundred Years (Ⅱ) /179Part B Fast Reading /187Unit 8Part A Text /195 Text A Brand and Brand Names (Ⅰ) / 195 Text B Brand and Brand Names (Ⅱ) /205Part B Fast Reading /213Unit 9Part A Text /220 Text A Reaching China ’s Digital Consumers /220 Text B Environmentally Friendly Consumers Emerge /231Part B Fast Reading /241Unit 10Test 2 /248Some Important Reading Strategies and Skills /256Vocabulary /269Key / 284Unit 11Text ABusiness and Your LifeYou Depend on Business1 M odern business is well organized and operatessmoothly. We often accept business services, therefore, without much thought of their importance to us. Have you ever considered the many ways in which you depend on business? Business supplies the food you eat, the clothes you wear, the home you live in, and the many other goods and services used in satisfying your wants.2 M any times a week most of us are affected by business. During a certain week, for example,you may make telephone calls, have your eyeglasses repaired, ride in a taxi, consult your doctor, deposit money in your savings account, buy a new bicycle tire, or advertise for your lost dog.3 Y our home, too, depends on business in obtaining the goods and services your familyneeds. One family reported these business activities for a certain day: issued checks to pay2automobile insurance and electric bill; bought a rug and chairs; mailed a letter to order some books; paid the newsboy; hired a carpenter to repair a window frame; bought a United States savings bond at the bank; left a roll of film at the camera shop; had dinner at a restaurant.What Is Business?4Y ou frequently hear the word business in everyday conversations. Here are some expressions using the word:“How is business this month?”“What line of business is he in?”“Our firm doesa cash business.”“Business hours are 9 to 5.”“John is taking a business course.” Although youmay have a general understanding of the meaning of each statement, at this time you probably would have difficulty in giving a clear-cut explanation of business.5B usiness means different things to different people. To one person it means producing goods through farming, manufacturing, or some other industry. To another it means buying and selling merchandise.To a third person it means providing services. To a fourth it means engaging in an occupation to earna living. Each of these instances — making goods, buying and selling goods, providing services,engaging in an occupation — illustrates the meaning of business. In this article, business means the work or activities by which goods and services are provided and obtained for money payment.Some Activities Are Not Business6E nterprises such as the grocery store, the bus line, the newspaper, the electric company, and the bank are readily identified as being in business. They supply goods and services for payment.What about the laundry, the television repairman, the plumber? They, too, work for payment and are therefore engaged in business.7N ot all activities in which work is involved are classed as business. If you help a friend repair a car or paint his house, you would be working. Unless you receive payment, however, you are not taking part in business in the true sense of the word. Here is the test of whether or not an activity can be classed as business: Is payment made for the goods supplied or service performed? If money payment is required, the activity is business.Business Transactions8P roducer and consumer. To carry on business, whether it consists of producing goods, distributing goods, or providing services, three factors — people, goods, and money — are necessary.9P eople refers to both producers and consumers. Producers are the firms and workers who produceand distribute goods or services. Consumers are those who buy and use goods or services.10I ndividual wants and community wants. Goods means the products that persons or communities buy to satisfy their wants. Individual wants consist of the necessities, comforts, and luxuries of life. Goods that everyone must have, such as food, clothes, and shelter, are called necessities. Goods and services, such as books, telephones, electricity, and gas, which make life easier and more enjoyable, are called comforts. Nonessential high-quality goods, such as expensive jewelry, yachts, and custom-built cars, are called luxuries.11T he needs that arise when people live in groups are referred to as community wants. Communities must have police and fire protection, water system, highways, stores, schools, and banks.12M oney is exchanged for goods and services. Many years ago trade was carried on by barter, which is exchanging one article for another — for example, trading a knife for a pair of shoes. Today we usually pay money for what we want. The exchange of money for goods or services is a business transaction.13W e need business. Business provides us with the things we use — food, clothes, and many other products and services. Any interruption of essential activities in your community would create much hardship. Few families keep on hand enough food and other essentials for more than a brief period, and any stoppage in the flow of products would result in considerable suffering. Imagine the situation if no railroads or trucks were operating; if there were no deliveries of bread, milk, or other goods; no electricity and gas; no store, bank, factory, or restaurant open!14I f just one phase of business, such as transportation, were to suspend operations, factories would not ship their products. Soon workers would be laid off because of shutdowns; and with the loss in wages, families would have to curtail their buying. The resulting chain of events could easily bring on a condition of business paralysis. Only when the business activities of the community, the state, and the nation are functioning smoothly can there be prosperity for everyone.15F or the consumer, business supplies the goods and services he must have to live and take care of his affairs properly. For the worker business provides employment and thereby a means of earning a living. For the business owner business activities offer the opportunity to render a service and to make a profit. For the investor business provides ways to put his funds to work.16B ecause it furnishes the things we use, gives us useful work to do, offers opportunities for saving3and investing, and aids the national defense, business is truly the backbone of modern life. In fact, business is the foundation on which the existence and welfare of our people depend.(1,029 words) New Words1deposit /dI5pCzIt/vt./n. 存款2laundry /5lR:ndrI/n.洗衣店3transaction /trAn5zAkF E n/ n. 交易4 yacht /jCt/n.快艇5 suspend /sE5spend/vt.暂停6 custom-built a.(汽车、机器等)按买主的要求制造的Useful Expressions1 electric bill 电费账单2 business hours 营业时间3 engage in 从事；忙于4 grocery store 小卖部；食品杂货店5 be classed as 被归类为6 exchange sth. for sth. 用……换取7 trade sth. for sth. 拿……交换8 keep on hand 在手头保留9 put sth. to work 开始使用，投入使用10 lay off 临时裁员11 savings account (可获利息的)储蓄帐户12 savings bond (美国政府发行的)储蓄公债45Exercises1Comprehension1 Which of the following is the best definition of23 The three essentials necessary to do business are4 Which of the following is a necessity for life?5Community wants include6Barter is different from modern business transaction in that 7A8Woperations?9In the author6710 11 Oautomobile insurance and electric bill; bought a rug and chairs; mailed a letter to order2 What line of business is he in?3 A time you probably would have difficulty in giving a clear-cut explanation of business.4 E meaning of business.Vocabulary5Fand any stoppage in the flow of products would result in considerable suffering.6Iwould not ship their products.7Swould have to curtail their buying.8Ofunctioning smoothly can there be prosperity for everyone.9Fmake a profit.10811 Can modern people survive without business? Why?2 What kind of business do you find most profitable? Give reasons3 What are the three kinds of individual wants? Give examples of each kind Discussionand demand.How Competition Operates3I f you set out to sell a product or service in today’s society, chances are that someone else not too far away is selling something similar. And since potential customers are free to shop where they please, you will have to compete with your rival for their business. How can you go about this?One obvious strategy is to charge lower prices.Competition Keeps Prices Down4I f your rival is selling blue jeans, say, for $28 a pair, you may try offering them for $25. The catch, of course, is that you’ll get $3 less for each pair you sell and you’ll still have to cover the same expenses —buying the jeans from the manufacturer, paying rent on your store, and so forth. How, then, can you charge less and still make a worthwhile profit? The answer — you hope — is that the lower price will attract more customers. Thus even though you make less money on each pair of jeans, you’ll sell more of them and so come out with a good overall profit. In real life, needless to say, things do not always work out so logically. But more often than not, the choices offered by the free-market system do benefit both the customer and the business owner — just as they’re supposed to in theory. This basic head-on type of competition tends to keep prices down, which is obviously good for the buying public. At the same time, it holds out the promise of great profits to the business that can sell more units of whatever its product or service happens to be.Competition Encourages Efficiency5I n addition, the nature of the free market is to encourage other forms of competition that serve the interests of both the business community and the society at large. A business owner may be able to lower prices without having to settle for a smaller profit per unit if ways can be found to improve efficiency and reduce operating costs. The merchant selling blue jeans, for example, may find that rearranging the store’s layout makes it possible to display more items in the same amount of space or that a new lighting system cuts the electric bills. Likewise, someone who refinishes furniture for a living may discover that dipping a table or chair in a large vat of chemical solvents removes the old finish faster — and thus more economically — than doing the same job by hand.Competition Promotes Quality6I nstead of cutting prices, a business may decide to compete for customers by offering higher-quality goods or services than its rivals. The price may also be higher, but those customerswho can afford it will probably be willing to pay the extra amount. Thus although a business that deals in luxury goods will not attract as many customers as, say, an average discount store, it will make more money per item and may well end up with an equal or even greater total profit. A particular benefit of this competitive approach is that it provides a practical incentive for businesses to maintain high standards of quality and increases the choices available to customers of different income levels.Competition Encourages Variety7 T he free-market system not only encourages variety in the price range for a given category ofproducts or services but also encourages an immense variety in the types of goods and services offered to the public. Changes in popular taste, technology, and the like are constantly creating new business opportunities. The possibility of profit — however remote it may be — almost invariably attracts entrepreneurs willing to risk their time or money. The result is an astonishing diversity of businesses: virtually anything you might want to buy — any product or service, no matter how obscure — is probably sold somewhere.Competition and Advertising Are Interdependent8F inally, the free-market system includes another major competitive tool, one that confronts us every day: advertising. The business that can attract more public attention or create a more favorable image for its products or services will gain a valuable edge over its competitors. To be sure, advertising does not itself improve the quality of the product being offered, and it may, in fact, add to the price. But it can spur people to buy more, and this, in turn, can help keep business operating at high capacity — and employing more workers.Supply and Demand9A s we have seen, prices in a free-market system are influenced by the competitive strategies of rival businesses. Price levels are not determined solely by the decisions of business managers, however. Price levels often respond to forces of supply and demand. In economic terms supply is the quantity of a product or service that producers are willing to provide; demand is the quantity of a product or service that consumers are willing to buy at that time.10I n basic terms, the theory of supply and demand holds that the supply of a product will tend to rise when demand is great— when people are willing to pay more for it —and fall when demand is low. By the same token, people will usually pay more for something they want that’s in short supply(as anyone who’s tried to buy a shovel immediately after a heavy snowfall knows); but if the product is widely available, people won’t be willing to pay as much and the sellers will have to settle for lower prices. In other words, supply and demand are continuously reacting to one another, and the balance between them at any given moment is reflected by the current price on the open market. Thus the price of a product may drop, not because a businessperson is trying to lure customers away from the competition, but because consumer demand for the product has fallen off.11I n broad terms, the forces of supply and demand combine with the profit motive in a free-market system to regulate what is produced and in what amounts. For example, a farmer in Maine might increase the amount of potatoes he plants in response to reports that a drought had damaged the potato crop in Idaho. Or a mining company, reacting to reports of increased demand for jet aircraft (which require large amounts of titanium), might decide to increase production of titanium or to open a second mine. Conversely, if reports indicated that the airlines weren’t spending much on new equipment, the mine owner might delay developing more capacity and might even lay off workers. And the potato farmer in Maine might decide to plant some of his land to parsnips if the news from Idaho was that a bumper potato crop was expected.The result of all this — in theory, at least — is that the consumers will get what they want and the producers will earn a profit by keeping tabs on public demand.(1,219 words) New Words1 refi nish/ri:5fInIF/vt.重新修光，整修……的表面2 dip /dIp/vt. 浸泡3 vat/vAt/n.大桶4 solvent/5sClvEnt/n.溶剂5 incentive/In5sentIv/n.刺激，鼓励6 category/5kAtIgErI/n.种类；范畴7 invariably/In5veErIEblI/ad.不变地，一定地8 entrepreneur/7CntrEprE5n\:/n.企业家9 diversity/daI5v\:sItI/n.差异；多样性10 edge/edV/n.边缘，优势11 shovel/5FQvl/n.铁铲12 motive/5mEUtIv/n.动机；目的13 Maine/meIn/n. 缅因州［美国州名］14 drought /draUt/n.干旱15 Idaho/5aIdEhEU/n.爱达荷州［美国州名］16 titanium/taI5teInIEm/n.钛17 parsnip/5pB:snIp/n.欧洲防风草18 bumper /5bQmpE/ a.丰盛的，特大的Useful Expressions1 be based on 根据，以……为基础2 in essence 本质上，基本上3 set out to do sth. 开始干某事4 in practice 在实践中，实际上5 chances are... 很有可能6 compete with sb.（ for sth.）与……竞争7 go about 处理，做，忙于8 in addition 另外，加之9 overall profi t 总利润10 work out 产生结果；发展11 more often than not 通常；多半12 add to 增加13 at large 全部，整个ExercisesComprehension 114 deal in经营，买卖 15 end up最后成为（处于）16 gain an edge over（稍微）胜过17 operating cost经营成本18 discount store打折店19 in short supply供应不足20 fall off跌落, 滚落下21 in response to作为对……的反应22 partial payment 分批(部分)付款1 What is a free-market system like in real life?2 According to Para. 4, why is a seller willing to lower a price?3 Wwithout having to settle for a smaller profit?4The author uses the example of luxury goods to illustrate that __________. 5What role does advertising play in competition?6According to the text, what does the price of a product reflect?7Wdemand most.8WVocabulary 11Cwhomever you choose.2Tcover the same expenses.3Tfor the buying public.4Bhigh capacity5 Price levels often respond to forces of supply and demand.6 B7 I will have to settle for lower prices.8 T and the producers will earn a profit by keeping tabs on public demand.1Discussion1 W And of all these, which one would be the most effective? Why?2WIf yes, what are they?3under what condition would that be possible? 11Who determines the value of art?A. Artists, art dealers, or critics.B. The public, art dealers, or museum directors.C. Investors, critics, or museum directors.D. Critics, art dealers, or museum directors.New Words and Expressions1 napkin /5nApkIn/ n.餐巾2 reputation /7repjU5teIF E n/ n.名声3 rectangle /5rek7tANgl/n.长方形4 art dealer 艺术经纪人ExercisesChoose the right answer.12People buy art in order __________.3Who make the greatest profits out of art?4The5We can conclude from the passage that __________.Passage Two1W e described business as all the work involved in providing people with goods and services for a profit. The last three words are important. Profit, simply put, is the money left over from all sums received from sales after expenses have been deducted. If it costs you $1.00 to produce one ofyour mousetraps and you sell it for $1.50, your profit is fifty cents (before taxes, of course).2T he element of profit is the foundation of our economic system. It is, indeed, the whole point — the “bottom line” for most business activities and enterprises. The American economic system is based on the idea that the owner of a business is entitled to keep whatever profits the business produces. It takes effort, after all, to put a desirable product or service into a useful form and then sell it to people.Furthermore, the owner may have to take a considerable financial risk. Most businesses need a substantial investment to get started, and if a new venture doesn’t succeed (and most don’t), whoever financed it stands to lose a great deal of money. It seems only fair, therefore, that someone who makes the effort and takes the financial risk should be rewarded with the profits.3 S uch an arrangement, moreover, is not only logical in theory; it has also proved extremelyeffective in practice. Most people simply do not work five days a week for the sheer fun of it: they work in exchange for compensation, usually money. Furthermore, they tend to work harder or take greater risks if they feel that their extra efforts may produce greater rewards. It is this basic human incentive, the profit motive, that lies at the heart of the American business system.4 A t this point we must note that not all businesses exist to make a profit. As we’ll see, it is thenature of the American system to provide goods and services for which there is a sizeable demand or for which a relatively small number of people are willing to spend a large sum of money. But some small segments of society have needs that profit-oriented businesses can’t afford to supply at prices that these markets can pay. Therefore, our society supports a number of nonprofit businesses, such as Underwriters Laboratories and Goodwill Industries. In other respects, these enterprises are much like profit-directed businesses.(390 words, 3‘50”) New Words and Expressions1 deduct/dI5dQkt/vt. 扣除2 mousetrap/5maUstrAp/n.捕鼠机3 entitle/In5taItl/vt.给……权利(或资格)ExercisesⅠ Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).Ⅱ with one word.4 substantial /sEb5stAnFEl/a. 大量的，可观的5 compensation /7kRmpen5seIFEn/n. 补偿，薪资6 segment /5segmEnt/ n. 部分；部门。
商务英语阅读教程Unit 3
3-2
Comprehensive Reading
Text A
Pre-reading Do you know what the difference is between price and pricing？What sequence of steps should you follow while you want to develop the pricing of a new product？ This text will give you a satisfactory answer.
3-1
Unit Introduction
10.I am sorry to say that your quotation is not in line with the current price so we can not 现价(市价) accept it. ( )
11.Because real GNP fell only slightly in 1974, the demand curve for real money shifted only slightly to the left. ( ) 需求曲线
翻译
价格是四大营销组合要素之一。四大营销组 合要素包括4个P——价格（Price）、产品 （Product）、促销（Promotion）及销售渠 道（Place or Distribution Channel）。定价 是一个公司用来确定产品价格的方法。有很 多因素在定价中可能起作用。
Come into play
3-2
Comprehensive Reading
1 Price is one of the four major elements of the marketing mix.[1] It is one of the four P’s —Price, Product, Promotion and Place. Pricing is the method a company uses to set the price of its product. There are various factors that may come into play.
新编商务英语阅读教程Unit 7 text A Management
NEW WORDS AND EXPRSSIONS
coordinate 协调 pressing 急切的 roller 涂料棍 rental 租金 van 厢式货车 bookkeeping 记账，管账 distribute 分发 leaflet 传单 Supervise 监督，管理 and so forth 诸如此类 Anticipate 预料
spruced-up 装扮得漂亮的 chef 厨师长 make an initiative 主动采取措施 ring up 用收银机记载售货数量 be desperate to do 急于干….. take a hand in 插手…..
Thank you for your listening
THE FOUR FUNCTIONS OF
MANAGEMENT
Planning Organizing Directing Controling
EXERCISES
FROM
P140 TO P142
Comprehension
vocabulary
ASSINGNMENT
Preview TEXT B in page 143
UNIT 7 TEXT A MANAGEMENT
Its meaning and purpose by Jack
WARMING UP
Review
unit 6 insurance and selfinsurance Finishing the vocabulary part in text A in unit6 Topic about management. New words and expression study. Learning management : its meaning and purpose Deal with the comprehension and vocabulary.
unit7(新编英语教程第三册)
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
5. Do you think her dad will get Veronica’s address? Why? Perhaps. Veronica is so busy that she might forget to send it to her father.
2. How does the author introduce the topic?
He starts from an everyday situation and then arrives at something expected. 3. What are the typical features of this type of writing? Argumentative writing argues for a proposition. Its goal is to persuade the reader to embrace a viewpoint. In order to make the argument effective, the writer first sets forth clearly what is to be proved and what he is against. And then he seeks to influence the reader through logic and evidence, not merely emotion and power. Finally, he comes to a conclusion or to restate his proposition.
Detailed Reading
综合商务英语教程第三册unit 7
its goods or services
• 8.
aerrtnp-one of the owners of a business
II. Vocabulary Building
• B. Complete the following paragraph
with appropriate forms of the given words.
• division staff experience domestic development • Determine how many members will be located in the
international market. Add individuals that not only speak the language of the other country but have ______ developing marketing programs there and have local contacts that can be used for business . Develop the organizational structure and reporting relationships between the international and the marketing team to ensure open communication and accountability.
• V. Speaking
• Besides the strategies mentioned in this unit’s
reading, companies use some different strategies to enter a foreign market.
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• • • • • • • •
township 小镇，镇区 multimodal 多种方式的 bottleneck 瓶颈 fragment 碎片，未完成的部分 alleviate 减轻，缓和 batch 一批，一炉 resort to 依靠 exorbitant 过度的
• outsource 外购，外包 • revenue （国家的）岁入，税收，（土地， 财产等的）收入，收益，所得， • privatize 使私有化 • municipal 市政的 • benchmark基准，参照; 标准检查程序; • optoelectronics 光电子学 • subcontract 转包，分包
• bigger markets demand better distribution system. • Logistics and distribution take center stage(占 据中心位置)
• Bottlenecks in logistics expansion.
Distribution networks with Chinese characteristics
• • • • • Recently privatized channels Concentrated wholesale markets B2Cservices Decentralized distribution system Online distribution channels
Exercises
• • • • • • •
cargo capacity货仓容积 material flow 物料流程 batch shipment 批量运输 sales margin 毛利率 brand awareness 商标意识 brand product 品牌产品 core competencies 核心竞争力
Assignment
• • • • • • •
lighting product 灯饰产品 shipping lane 穿云航线 retail sector 零售业 provincial 省的，州的 evolve 发展 massive 大的 complicate 复杂的
Sales and Distribution Network Evolve
Book 3 Unit 7 Part A Text A Developing China’s Sales and Distribution Capabilities(Ⅰ)
By Jack
New • launch发射; [计算机]开始（应用程序）; 发动 phase out逐步淘汰，逐步结束 downturn（价格或活动）开始下降; 衰退 affluent-class 富人阶层 penetrate穿透，刺入; 渗入; infrastructure 基础设施 allocate 分配 stimulus 刺激物