专业英语

1．专业名词

Architectural engineering 建筑工程学Soil mechanics土力学

Mechanics of materials材料力学Structure mechanics结构力学engineering mechanics工程力学

Rock mass mechanics岩土力学

Civil engineering 土木工程学Environmental engineering 环境工程Material science and dngingeering 材料科学与工程

Professional Engineering 注册土木工程师

Building engineering 房屋工程Bridge engineering 桥梁工程Geotechnical engineering岩土工程Hydraulic engineering水利工程geodetic sutveying 大地测量学topographic 地形学

2.工程结构，工具，名词

column 柱cable缆arch拱beam girder梁tower pylon塔

frame框架timber 木材t—beam T梁rigid frame 刚架

action 各种荷载的统称

moment弯矩shear剪力

axial force轴力torque扭矩formwork模板，支膜

tracery格窗viaduct高架subgrade 路基crushed 碎石falsework 脚手架contour 等高线resistance抗力borehole 钻孔fracture脆断fatigue疲劳

larder食品室，储藏室

3．专业短语

(1)applied stresses 作用应力

yield criterion屈服准则

yield point屈服点

prestressing force预应力

dead load 恒载

live load 活载

expansion joint伸缩缝

safety factot 安全系数

brittle fracture脆断

load effect荷载效应

shear strength 抗剪强度

load-be tensile strength 抗拉强度aring structure 承重结构

restraining pier约束墩

pile foundations 桩基础

suspension bridge悬索桥

cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥

plain concrete素混凝土

prestressed concrete预应力混凝土structure of composite material复合材料结构

structure analysis 结构分析

design specifications设计规范

safety servceability economy beautification,harmony with envitonment 安全适用经济美观industrial (civil) buliding 工业民用建筑

allowable stress approach容许应力法ultimate load method极限荷载法

limit state method极限状态法Incremental

Launching( Push-out )Method顶推（或推顶）法

cast in situ 现浇swell膨胀

(2)geodetic大地测量学

location party 勘测队

preliminary location 初步定线subsoil 地基下层土

soil investigation 土质勘测

intact sample 原状样

settltment 沉陷，沉降

descend 下降，落下

longitudinal profile (section)纵剖面（图）incipient failure 初期破坏

gouge断层泥

strike走向

topographic relief地形起伏

standared mesh 标准筛

poisson’s ratio 泊松比

pore water pressure 孔隙水压力

geoiogical genetic地质成因

cut slope路堑边坡

trial pits 试验坑

layered system层状体系

e water table 地下水位

ngingeering graduate 工科毕业生

feasibility study 可行性研究

construction phase施工阶段

supervision管理，监控

layout 布局、格式，平面图

natural lighting 自然采光

pretensioning (posttensioning)concrete

先（后）张法

service (live dead) load使用（活、静）

荷载

philosophy of structure design结构设

计原理

4．句子

(1) 悬臂施工的优点是取消了脚手架

the principal of advantage of the

Contilever tonstraction is the saving in

falsework

(2)在每个阶段,都要仔细计算和观测

结构应力和徐变,以确保结构安全

Structural stresses and deformation

ineach constration stage must be

edudatee and inspection to ensure the

safety of the structure

(3)目前,通常采用电子计算机进行应

力松弛和混凝土徐变计算

At ptessent ,computer usualy used for

the calouception of concrete creep and

others relasion

(4)混凝土的长期收缩和徐变对预应

力的损失产生很在的影响

The effect of the shrinkage amd creep

of concrete on the loss of prestress is a

lot

(5)内力包括轴力,剪力,弯矩,扭矩等

Intera forces consist of thrust

shears ,bearing monmentand torque

(6)不均匀沉降会导致结构产生更大

的破坏

Uneven settlement can cause

progressive structural damgage

(7)土壤的物理性质与其本身的粒径

有着密切的联系

The physical properties of soils deeply

association with their particle size

(8)在各种桥梁中悬索桥的跨度最大

Among all bridges the span of

suspension bridge is the biggest

(9)需要强调数学力学，计算技术在土

木工程应用中的重要性

It is nessary to stress the important of

mathematics,mechanics,and computer

technique in the applcation of soil

engineering

(10)在许多情况下,可能会指派土木工

程师参与其它工程项目的工作

In other case ,civil engineers are

assigned to work on a project in other

fields .

(11)总工程师负责项目的构思与规划

The general engineer is in charge of the

plots and plans of the project

(12)目前,正在试图生产出强度更高,

耐久性更好且重量更轻的混凝土

At pressent ,attempts are being made to

produce concrete with more strengh and

durability ,and with a lighter weight

(13)桥梁上部结构由支座,支座面以上

的构件组成

The superstructures of a bridge consists

of bearing and elements alove them

1．专业名词

Architectural engineering 建筑工程学

Soil mechanics土力学

Mechanics of materials材料力学

Structure mechanics结构力学

engineering mechanics工程力学

Rock mass mechanics岩土力学

Civil engineering 土木工程学

Environmental engineering 环境工程

Material science and dngingeering 材

料科学与工程

Professional Engineering 注册土木工

程师

Building engineering 房屋工程

Bridge engineering 桥梁工程

Geotechnical engineering岩土工程

Hydraulic engineering水利工程

geodetic sutveying 大地测量学

topographic 地形学

2.工程结构，工具，名词

column 柱cable缆arch拱

beam girder梁tower pylon塔

frame框架timber 木材

t—beam T梁rigid frame 刚架

action 各种荷载的统称

moment弯矩shear剪力

axial force轴力torque扭矩

formwork模板，支膜

tracery格窗viaduct高架

subgrade 路基crushed 碎石

falsework 脚手架contour 等高线

resistance抗力borehole 钻孔

fracture脆断fatigue疲劳

larder食品室，储藏室

3．专业短语

(1)applied stresses 作用应力

yield criterion屈服准则

yield point屈服点

prestressing force预应力

dead load 恒载

live load 活载

expansion joint伸缩缝

safety factot 安全系数

brittle fracture脆断

load effect荷载效应

shear strength 抗剪强度

load-be tensile strength 抗拉强度

aring structure 承重结构

restraining pier约束墩

pile foundations 桩基础

suspension bridge悬索桥

cable-stayed bridge斜拉桥

plain concrete素混凝土

prestressed concrete预应力混凝土

structure of composite material复合材

料结构

structure analysis 结构分析

design specifications设计规范

safety servceability economy

beautification,harmony with

envitonment 安全适用经济美观

industrial (civil) buliding 工业民用建

筑

allowable stress approach容许应力法

ultimate load method极限荷载法

limit state method极限状态法

Incremental

Launching( Push-out )Method顶推（或

推顶）法

cast in situ 现浇swell膨胀

(2)geodetic大地测量学

location party 勘测队

preliminary location 初步定线

subsoil 地基下层土

soil investigation 土质勘测

intact sample 原状样

settltment 沉陷，沉降

descend 下降，落下

longitudinal profile (section)纵剖面

（图）

incipient failure 初期破坏

gouge断层泥

strike走向

topographic relief地形起伏

standared mesh 标准筛

poisson’s ratio 泊松比

pore water pressure 孔隙水压力

geoiogical genetic地质成因

cut slope路堑边坡

trial pits 试验坑

layered system层状体系

e water table 地下水位

ngingeering graduate 工科毕业生

feasibility study 可行性研究

construction phase施工阶段

supervision管理，监控

layout 布局、格式，平面图

natural lighting 自然采光

pretensioning (posttensioning)concrete

先（后）张法

service (live dead) load使用（活、静）

荷载

philosophy of structure design结构设

计原理

4．句子

(1) 悬臂施工的优点是取消了脚手架

the principal of advantage of the

Contilever tonstraction is the saving in

falsework

(2)在每个阶段,都要仔细计算和观测

结构应力和徐变,以确保结构安全

Structural stresses and deformation

ineach constration stage must be

edudatee and inspection to ensure the

safety of the structure

(3)目前,通常采用电子计算机进行应

力松弛和混凝土徐变计算

At ptessent ,computer usualy used for

the calouception of concrete creep and

others relasion

(4)混凝土的长期收缩和徐变对预应

力的损失产生很在的影响

The effect of the shrinkage amd creep

of concrete on the loss of prestress is a

lot

(5)内力包括轴力,剪力,弯矩,扭矩等

Intera forces consist of thrust

shears ,bearing monmentand torque

(6)不均匀沉降会导致结构产生更大

的破坏

Uneven settlement can cause

progressive structural damgage

(7)土壤的物理性质与其本身的粒径

有着密切的联系

The physical properties of soils deeply

association with their particle size

(8)在各种桥梁中悬索桥的跨度最大

Among all bridges the span of

suspension bridge is the biggest

(9)需要强调数学力学，计算技术在土

木工程应用中的重要性

It is nessary to stress the important of

mathematics,mechanics,and computer

technique in the applcation of soil

engineering

(10)在许多情况下,可能会指派土木工

程师参与其它工程项目的工作

In other case ,civil engineers are

assigned to work on a project in other

fields .

(11)总工程师负责项目的构思与规划

The general engineer is in charge of the

plots and plans of the project

(12)目前,正在试图生产出强度更高,

耐久性更好且重量更轻的混凝土

At pressent ,attempts are being made to

produce concrete with more strengh and

durability ,and with a lighter weight

(13)桥梁上部结构由支座,支座面以上

的构件组成

The superstructures of a bridge consists

of bearing and elements alove them