非谓语动词作宾语补足语讲解与练习(修订版)

非谓语动词作宾语补足语
定义：宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词,形容词、副词、不定式,动名词个分词充当.
如：The sun keeps us warm.
We call her Jenny.
They found him out.
Make yourself at home.
They wish you to go with them.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语，宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.
一、动词不定式作宾补。

1.V1 + sb. + to do sth.
常用动词有：advise 建议allow 允许ask 叫，请bear 忍受
beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使
hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请
leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要
oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服
prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教
tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告
wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要would prefer 宁愿
persuade (劝说）sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth
温馨提示：
1.advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作
宾语补足语，即构成
doing sth
advise/ forbid/ allow/ permit
sb to do sth
2.fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接sb to do sth。

They forbade her to leave the country.
他们禁止她离开国家。

Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.
请提醒我开会不要迟到。

3. He asked me to keep my word.
他要我信守承诺。

练习：
Exercise1
1.I didn’t want my parents _________(help ) me.
2.We’d prefer you __________( take ) the job instead of Zhang.
3.The school ordered all the classroom ________( clean ).
4.My parents expect me _________( go )to a ideal university.
5.Joan promised the dinner ____________( cook ) before we returned.
6.The doctor advised the patient ___________( take ) two pills every four hours.
7. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷)
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
8. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not do
二、在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带to 的不定式作宾补。

但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带to。

The boss made her work long hours.
主语谓语宾语宾补
She was made to work long hours (by her boss).
主语谓语主补
诀窍：某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜；
主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。

记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、五看(see, look at, watch, notice，observe)。

注：(1) 动词help后，可以加to,也可以省略to.
I will help him (to) clean the room.。

Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English.
口诀：宾补省to有习惯，只有动词十一个半：五“看”二“听”一“感觉”，三个“使役”紧跟着。

一个“帮助”两均可，牢记保你不出错。

练习：
1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his
little sister.
A. cry, to cry
B. crying, crying
C. cry, cry
D. to cry, cry
2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (
全国卷)
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
注意：感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at（一感二听五看）
① + do 作宾补，表示事情全过程或一次性动作，该动作已完成。

表示一个事实。

② + doing 作宾补，表示一个正在进行和发生的动作，尚未结束。

具有一定的描述性。

③ + done作宾补，sb跟done 之间是被动关系。

总结：See/ watch/observe 等
1. I saw him ___________(change )the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子。

2. I saw him ___________(change)the wheel of his car.我看见他换了汽车轮子。

3. I saw the wheel of his car_________( change) by a boy just now.
4. Suddenly I noticed her__________( stand) outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。

5. I have never heard the song __________(sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校被唱过。

三、动词leave, find, keep, catch后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况
doing 让……一直做某事（表主动关系，正在进行）
1. leave sth. /sb.
undone （unfinished, unsettled, 等）留下某事未做
leave to do sth 留下某人做某事表将来的动作
Leave sth to be done 留下某事要做
doing 发现/使/ 撞到……做某事
2.find /keep/ catch sb. /sth.
done 发现/使/ 撞到……被……
1. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________ all night. (全国卷)
A. to burn
B. burnt
C. burning
D. burned
2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. (全国卷) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked
3. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
4. The salesman scolded the girl caught ________ and let her off. (全国卷)
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
5.Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷)
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run。

四、表示心理状态的动词
consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等动词后的不定式通常“to be+形容词或名词结构，to be常可省略。

We consider him (to be) a good teacher.He proved that theory (to be) very important.
五.用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构：
1. have/get sth. done 让某事被……例：I’ll have/get my computer repaired.
2. have / make / let sb. do
让某人做某事例：She made me cry/ got me to cry.
get sb. to do
3.have sb. /sth.doing sth. 让……持续地做……
4.get sb / sth doing 使......开始做.....
5.make oneself done 使某人自己被......
She spoke loudly to make herself heard by the audience.
make oneself 后常用understood等过去分词作宾补
make oneself understood / heard / seen / known让别人明白自己的意思/ 让自己讲的话被别人听到/ 让自己被别人看到/ 让自己被别人认识。

如：
1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ________. (全国卷)
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
2. Helen had to shout ________ above the sound of the music. (广西卷)
A. making herself hear
B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard
D. to make herself heard
练习：
选择词的合适形式。

1. They have seen the tree (fall/falling) down.
2. Anna saw her daughter (shout/shouting) at her father when she came into the room.
3.Lucy saw Tom (steal/stealing) money from an old lady secretly.
4. Li Ming saw his bike (repair/repaired) by the technician.
5. Jenny saw her mother (cooking/cooked) when she got home.
6. I have seen the flower (plant/planted) in the garden.
六．with 复合结构中非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况。

doing （主动；进行）
with + n./pron. + done （被动；完成/状态）
to do （将来）
1.With so many things to buy, he went to the market.
2.With all the things bought, he left the supermarket.
3.With many people waiting outside, the manager felt worried.
Exercise:
1.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog____them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
2.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_______.
A.Finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
have，get，make，leave后作宾补的非谓语动词形式
一、have
1．have + sth. + done
(1)表示“叫/让/请别人做某事”，动作的执行者不是主语，也不是宾语，而是别人。

I will have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要请人修理自行车。

(2)表示遭遇不幸事件，是句中的主语所经历的。

He had his arm broken. 他的手臂摔断了。

(自己的经历)
He had his wallet stolen at the railway station. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。

2．have + sb. + do sth.
表示“使/让/叫某人做某事”，动作的执行者为宾语。

I’ll have Bob call you back later. 我会让鲍勃稍后给你回电话。

（call是由Bob执行）The teacher had us clean up the classroom. 老师让我们打扫教室。

（clean是由us执行）
注意：have sth. to do表示“有事情要做”。

在此结构中，不定式作定语。

如：
I’m sorry, I can’t go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle.
我很抱歉，我不能和你出去。

我有一件紧急的事情要解决。

3．have + sb./sth. + doing sth.
表示“使某人/物一直处于某种状态”，动作的执行者为宾语，但是动词必须是延续性动词，后面常接一个时间段。

He had her standing in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。

注意：have sb. doing用于否定句时，其中have有“容忍”之意。

I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不能容忍你和你父亲那样讲话。

Exercise：1. Don’t have the dog
＿＿＿＿＿( bark) much，Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。

2. She had her money ＿＿＿＿＿(steal) when she got on the bus.
3. I had my watch ＿＿＿＿＿(repair) last week.
4. I’m leaving .Do you have anything ＿＿＿＿＿( say)?
5. The boss often has them ＿＿＿＿＿(work) for 14 hours a day.
6. She is going to attend an important meeting ,but she has no clothes＿＿＿＿＿(wear).
7. The poor woman had a small room ＿＿＿＿＿(live in).
8. We have a lot of money .Do you have anything＿＿＿＿＿(worry about)？
9. " Do you have any clothes ＿＿＿＿＿(wash)?,Sir" asked the maid(女仆).
10. I can’t go swimming today, for I have so many clothes
＿＿＿＿＿(wash).
二、get
1．get + sb.+ to do sth.= have + sb. + do sth.
表示“让某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，强调未来的动作。

He got his brother to help him. 他让他兄弟来帮助他。

I got him to stop smoking. 我让他停止吸烟。

2．get + sth. + done
表示“让……被做”，强调被动性的动作。

He got his hair cut. 他理发了。

（他的头发是被剪）
3．get + sb./sth. + doing sth.
表示“让某人/物一直……”或“使某人/某物开始活跃或使某物开始工作”，强调已做或正在进行的动作。

He got his bike running very fast. 他把自行车骑的飞快。

Who can get the machine running? 谁能启动这台机器？
Exercise：
1. He managed to get the task________(finish) on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。

2. The director got her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷)
A. picked up
B. picks up
C.to pick up
D. picking up
3. The boss is always getting her ______ (type) letters for him.
4. The boss made the workers ______ (work) day and night.
三、make
make意为“使”，有轻微强迫之意。

1．make + sb. + do sth.
表示“（迫）使某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，被动语态为sb. be made to do sth.。

He made me laugh. 他使我发笑。

被动语态为：I was made to laugh by him.
2．make + sb. + done
表示“使某人被……”，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。

Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声点以便你让别人听到。

Exercise：
1. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room _____ (hear) him clearly.
2. He raised his voice to make himself _______ (hear).
3. When I first went to Britain,I found it hard to make myself _________(understand).
4. I had to speak louder to make myself ______(understand) by the students.
四、leave
1．leave + sb. + to do sth.
表示“让/留下某人做某事”，强调未来的动作。

Leave him to do it himself. 让他自己做这个事情吧。

We left him to paint the gate. 我们让他油漆这个门。

2．leave + sb./sth. + doing
表示“让某人/某物继续处于某种状态”，这种状态一直持续，强调当时正在发生的动作。

Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 不要让她一直在外面雨中等待。

We left him painting the gate. 我们让他一直油漆这个门。

3．leave + sth. + done
表示“使某事被做”，使处于某种被动的状态，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。

We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这么重要的事情半途而废。

Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered. 如果你有任何问题没有被我回答，请谅解。

Exercise：
1. Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions _______(unanswer).
leave her ______ outside in the rain(waiting).
2. Don’ｔ
3. He was covered by a blanket,leaving only his face ______(expose).
9. They shut the door and left, leaving the fire________(burn). 他们关上门走开了，留下火在燃。