定语从句 (4)

定语从句（Attributive Clauses）一、概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从

句。

1、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。

2、关系词：引导定语从句的词。

例如：

(1)、China is a great country that has about

5 000 years of history.

先行词关系词

定语从句

(2)、The teacher will help anyone who is in trouble.

先行词关系词

定语从句

二、引导定语从句的词：

(一)、关系代词：

1.who (指人)--- 在句中作主语。

Eg: The boy

．．． who is playing on the grass is her brother.

2.whom （指人）--- 在句中作宾语。

Eg: I know the man

．．． whom you mean.

我认识你说的那个人。

3.whose（指人或物）--- 在句中作定语。

Eg: This is a story about a young teacher

．．．．．．． whose name is Zhang Tao.

4．which（指物）--在从句中多作主语或宾语，作宾语时常

省略。

Eg: I want to buy a book

．．．． which is written in English.

5.that（指人或物）在从句中多作主语或宾语，作宾语时常省略。

Eg: (1)、The plane

．．．．． that just left is for paris.(作主

语)

(2)、The pen

．．． (that) he gave me is black.(作宾语) ⊙只能使用that引导定语从句的情况：

1、先行词是复合不定代词everything/something/anything /nothing等时。

Eg: She didn’t forget anything（ that ）her mother had told her to buy.

2、先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

Eg: That is the highest building

．．．．．．．． (that) I have seen.

3、先行词是或被all/no/some/any/little/much等修饰时。

Eg: They haven’t got any dictionaries

．．．．．．．．．．．．(that) we need.

4、先行词被the last/the only/the very/the same和序

数词等修饰时。

Eg: This is the very novel

．．．．． (that) you want to borrow.

5、先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时。

Eg：He told us many interesting things and persons (that) we had never heard.

6、主句是以who/which引导的特殊疑问句时。

Eg: Who is the man

．．． (that) you spoke to just now.

7.关系代词作定语从句中be的表语时，that通常省略。

Eg: The city is no longer the one

．．．．．．(that) it used to be.

这个城市不再是原来的样子了。

⊙只能使用which引导定语从句的情况：

1．当先行词为that或关系词指“物”且在介词之后时。

Eg: The music

．．．． to which we are listening is beautiful.

2.非限定性定语从句，主、从句用逗号分开时。

Eg: The meeting,which was held in our school ,was a great success.

（二）、引导定语从句的关系副词：

1、when(指时间):

Eg: I met him in the year when I was in Beijing.

我在北京的那年遇到了他。

2、where(指地点)：

Eg: This is the house where I live.这是我居住的房子。

3、why(指原因)：(why=for which)

Eg: Do you know the reason why he was late?

你知道他迟到的原因吗？

三、定语从句练习六戒：

1、关系代词与关系副词混淆。

误：I have been to the city where you visited (缺宾语)last week.

正：I have been to the city that you visited last week.

析：定语从句修饰表示时间、地点等先行词时，要先看指代先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作成分；如果不作成分，即从句完整，则选用关系副词；反之，选用关系代词。

2、从句中缺少主语。

误：She is the engineer(缺主语)gave us a speech yesterday. 正：She is the engineer who gave us a speech yesterday.

析：关系代词who或that在定语从句中作主语时，不能省