04空管基础-飞行高度层
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
0 9 1
8
2
The aircraft is 1000ft above the aerodrome
7
1022
6 5 4
3
The altimeter reads 1280ft
1000m + 280ft
The main use of the QNH setting is approximately between 1000ft and 6000ft to avoid obstacles
0 9
1
The aircraft is still on the ground
8
2
7
1012
6
5 4
3
Pressure on the ground is 1012 hPa
If,with the knob , we display the ground pressure in the window... The aircraft is 1000ft above the aerodrome
The altimeter is set to the QFE (1012hPa)
0
9 1
8
2
7
1012
6 4 5
3
The aircraft is on the ground
The altimeter reads zero
The altimeter is set to the QFE (1012hPa)
QNH
Altimeter setting
The ground pressure calculated at sea level from the QFE, using the standard atmosphere (1hPa = 28ft) is called the Example: the altitude of an aerodrome is 280ft. QNH This aerodrome is 280ft above sea level
(eg: an aircraft) considered as a point, measured from a specified datum (eg: the ground).
Altitude: The vertical distance of a level, a point or an
object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level (MSL). Flight level: A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum (1013.2 hPa) and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals.
Altimeter Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM
QFE
An altimeter set to the QFE of an aerodrome indicates the
height of the aircraft on or above this aerodrome.
(or water)
596hPa 36hPa ~ 1000ft
560hPa
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Furthermore, we have to deal with the 1013hPa isobar that varies :
above .
sea level (anticyclonic pressures)
A face
Two pointers
A window showing pressure settin A setting knob
..pointers turn clockwise . . .
. . . and pressures decrease When turning the knob to the right . . .
..pointers turn anticlockwise . . .
. . . and pressures increase When turning the knob to the left . . .
Pressure on the ground is 1012 hPa
, we display the ground pressure in the window…. If, by turning the knob
0 9 1
8
2
The aircraft is 1000ft above the aerodrome
7
1012
6 4
3
The altimeter reads 1000ft
5
The main use of thwk.baidu.com QFE setting is during the landing and taking-off phases (near the ground)
At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 1013,25 hPa; The atmospheric pressure decreases by 1hPa every 28ft (8,5m).
1008 hPa 1009 hPa 1010 hPa 1011 hPa 1012 hPa 1013 hPa
In the standard atmosphere, 280ft corresponds to:
280 / 28 = 10hPa On this aerodrome, the QFE is 1012hPa
QNH will be: 1012 + 10 = 1022hPa
(pressure decreases when altitude increases) An altimeter set to the QNH indicates the altitude of the aircraft.
atmospheric pressure - 1hPa / 28ft
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Standard ICAO atmosphere is an “ideal” atmosphere.
Actually, isobars are not horizontal or equidistant . . .
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions Altimeter Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM
Definitions
Height: The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object
Altimeter setting
FL (flight level)
When the altimeter is set to 1013hPa, aircraft fly at a flight level (FL)
RVSM
China RVSM 缩小垂直间隔
359o
0o
依此类推
英尺 46900 43000 40100 38100 36100 34100 32100 30100 27600 25600 23600 21700 19700 17700 15700 13800 11800 9800 7900 5900 3900 2000 米 14300
495 hPa
500 hPa
flight level
995 hPa 1000 hPa 1005 hPa 1010 hPa 1013 hPa 1015 hPa 1020 hPa
altitude
height
Definitions
The pressure established at the aerodrome level is called: “QFE” The pressure computed at the sea level is called: “QNH” The vertical distance between those two pressures is the aerodrome altitude (Zt).
Flight Level and RVSM
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions
Altimeter Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Air is dry and its chemical composition (oxygen, azot, …) is constant; At the sea level, temperature is 15°C;
1 2
0
9
8
. . . The pointers will indicate 1000ft
7
1012
6 5 4
3
The sea level pressure is 1022 hPa
If, with the knob, we display the sea level pressure in the window...
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Nevertheless, we’ll use this model (1hPa=28ft) to calculate distances:
Between an aircraft and the ground Between two aircraft in flight
. . or below sea level (cyclonic pressures)
1009 hPa 1010 hPa 1011 hPa 1012 hPa 1013 hPa 1014 hPa
1011 hPa 1012 hPa 1013 hPa 1014 hPa 1015 hPa 1016 hPa
0 9 1
...the pointers will indicate the aerodrome altitude !
2
8
The aircraft is on the ground
7
1022
6 5 4
3
Altitude 280ft
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions
The temperature decreases of 2°C every 1000ft (300m)
approximately down to minus 56°C.
05°C 07°C
Temperature -2°C / 1000ft
09°C 11°C 13°C 15°C
Standard ICAO atmosphere
. . . The pointers will point to zero (height = 0ft)
0 9
1
8
2
The aircraft is on the ground
7
1012
6
5 4
3
Pressure on the ground is 1012 hPa
Conversely, if with the knob, we move the pointers to zero (height of the aircraft) . . . . . . the window will indicate the ground pressure
The altimeter is set to the QNH (1022 hPa)
0 9 1
8
2
7
1022
6 4 5
3
The aircraft is on the ground
The altimeter reads 280ft
280ft
The altimeter is set to the QNH (1022 hPa)
495 hPa
500 hPa
995 hPa 1000 hPa 1005 hPa 1010 hPa 1013 hPa 1015 hPa 1020 hPa
QFE Zt QNH
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions Altimeter
Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM
8
2
The aircraft is 1000ft above the aerodrome
7
1022
6 5 4
3
The altimeter reads 1280ft
1000m + 280ft
The main use of the QNH setting is approximately between 1000ft and 6000ft to avoid obstacles
0 9
1
The aircraft is still on the ground
8
2
7
1012
6
5 4
3
Pressure on the ground is 1012 hPa
If,with the knob , we display the ground pressure in the window... The aircraft is 1000ft above the aerodrome
The altimeter is set to the QFE (1012hPa)
0
9 1
8
2
7
1012
6 4 5
3
The aircraft is on the ground
The altimeter reads zero
The altimeter is set to the QFE (1012hPa)
QNH
Altimeter setting
The ground pressure calculated at sea level from the QFE, using the standard atmosphere (1hPa = 28ft) is called the Example: the altitude of an aerodrome is 280ft. QNH This aerodrome is 280ft above sea level
(eg: an aircraft) considered as a point, measured from a specified datum (eg: the ground).
Altitude: The vertical distance of a level, a point or an
object considered as a point, measured from mean sea level (MSL). Flight level: A surface of constant atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific pressure datum (1013.2 hPa) and is separated from other such surfaces by specific pressure intervals.
Altimeter Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM
QFE
An altimeter set to the QFE of an aerodrome indicates the
height of the aircraft on or above this aerodrome.
(or water)
596hPa 36hPa ~ 1000ft
560hPa
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Furthermore, we have to deal with the 1013hPa isobar that varies :
above .
sea level (anticyclonic pressures)
A face
Two pointers
A window showing pressure settin A setting knob
..pointers turn clockwise . . .
. . . and pressures decrease When turning the knob to the right . . .
..pointers turn anticlockwise . . .
. . . and pressures increase When turning the knob to the left . . .
Pressure on the ground is 1012 hPa
, we display the ground pressure in the window…. If, by turning the knob
0 9 1
8
2
The aircraft is 1000ft above the aerodrome
7
1012
6 4
3
The altimeter reads 1000ft
5
The main use of thwk.baidu.com QFE setting is during the landing and taking-off phases (near the ground)
At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 1013,25 hPa; The atmospheric pressure decreases by 1hPa every 28ft (8,5m).
1008 hPa 1009 hPa 1010 hPa 1011 hPa 1012 hPa 1013 hPa
In the standard atmosphere, 280ft corresponds to:
280 / 28 = 10hPa On this aerodrome, the QFE is 1012hPa
QNH will be: 1012 + 10 = 1022hPa
(pressure decreases when altitude increases) An altimeter set to the QNH indicates the altitude of the aircraft.
atmospheric pressure - 1hPa / 28ft
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Standard ICAO atmosphere is an “ideal” atmosphere.
Actually, isobars are not horizontal or equidistant . . .
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions Altimeter Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM
Definitions
Height: The vertical distance of a level, a point or an object
Altimeter setting
FL (flight level)
When the altimeter is set to 1013hPa, aircraft fly at a flight level (FL)
RVSM
China RVSM 缩小垂直间隔
359o
0o
依此类推
英尺 46900 43000 40100 38100 36100 34100 32100 30100 27600 25600 23600 21700 19700 17700 15700 13800 11800 9800 7900 5900 3900 2000 米 14300
495 hPa
500 hPa
flight level
995 hPa 1000 hPa 1005 hPa 1010 hPa 1013 hPa 1015 hPa 1020 hPa
altitude
height
Definitions
The pressure established at the aerodrome level is called: “QFE” The pressure computed at the sea level is called: “QNH” The vertical distance between those two pressures is the aerodrome altitude (Zt).
Flight Level and RVSM
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions
Altimeter Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Air is dry and its chemical composition (oxygen, azot, …) is constant; At the sea level, temperature is 15°C;
1 2
0
9
8
. . . The pointers will indicate 1000ft
7
1012
6 5 4
3
The sea level pressure is 1022 hPa
If, with the knob, we display the sea level pressure in the window...
Standard ICAO atmosphere
Nevertheless, we’ll use this model (1hPa=28ft) to calculate distances:
Between an aircraft and the ground Between two aircraft in flight
. . or below sea level (cyclonic pressures)
1009 hPa 1010 hPa 1011 hPa 1012 hPa 1013 hPa 1014 hPa
1011 hPa 1012 hPa 1013 hPa 1014 hPa 1015 hPa 1016 hPa
0 9 1
...the pointers will indicate the aerodrome altitude !
2
8
The aircraft is on the ground
7
1022
6 5 4
3
Altitude 280ft
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions
The temperature decreases of 2°C every 1000ft (300m)
approximately down to minus 56°C.
05°C 07°C
Temperature -2°C / 1000ft
09°C 11°C 13°C 15°C
Standard ICAO atmosphere
. . . The pointers will point to zero (height = 0ft)
0 9
1
8
2
The aircraft is on the ground
7
1012
6
5 4
3
Pressure on the ground is 1012 hPa
Conversely, if with the knob, we move the pointers to zero (height of the aircraft) . . . . . . the window will indicate the ground pressure
The altimeter is set to the QNH (1022 hPa)
0 9 1
8
2
7
1022
6 4 5
3
The aircraft is on the ground
The altimeter reads 280ft
280ft
The altimeter is set to the QNH (1022 hPa)
495 hPa
500 hPa
995 hPa 1000 hPa 1005 hPa 1010 hPa 1013 hPa 1015 hPa 1020 hPa
QFE Zt QNH
Standard ICAO atmosphere Definitions Altimeter
Altimeter setting Flight Level and RVSM