氧气的性质用途和制取归纳

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【考纲要求】掌握氧气的主要性质和用途；能用氧气的性质解释一些常见的现象。1. 铁等物质在氧气中燃烧的化学方程式，并能准确的描述这些反应的现象。

2.能正确写出木炭、红磷、硫、操作方法；了解氧气的工业制法。

3.掌握实验室

制氧气的原理、装置、【知识网络】

在通常状况下，氧气是无色无味的气体密度比空气大物理性质

不易溶于水

C+OCO 木炭在氧气中燃烧，发出白光，放出热量，生成可使澄22清石灰水变浑浊的气体

S+OSO硫在氧气中燃烧，发出明亮的蓝紫色火焰，放出热量， 2 2生成无色有刺激性气味的气体

2PO红磷在空气中燃烧，放出热量，产生大量的白烟氧气化学性质4P+5O25 2

FeO铁丝在氧气中剧烈燃烧，火星四射，放出热量，生3Fe+2O234

成黑色固体

2HO 2HO＋O↑2222△反应原理

2KMnOKMnO+ MnO+ O↑222 44

MnO 22KCl+3O↑2KClO 实验室制法23△制取装置：①固、固加热型；②固、液常温型

收集装置：①排水法；②向上排空气法

检验方法；将带火星的木条伸入集气瓶中，若木条复燃，证明是氧气工业制法：①分离液态空气；②膜分离技术

用途：①供给呼吸；②支持燃烧

【考点梳理】

考点一、氧气的性质和用途

1.氧气的物理性质：

（1）通常状况下，是无色、无味的气体，可液化和固化。

（2）不易溶于水。

（3）密度比空气略大。

2.氧气的化学性质：

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ill laon and 191. Hard is a peasants, peasants. Four water effects st c service supply gap, rural education, health care, pensions and ot her servi ces can not meet the demand still difficult for poverty alleviation, with emphasis on poverty alleviatihat the reform measures gr accounte d for 70% over the age of 50. Big is t ound resistance, such a s the transacti ons of property rights, land repl acement; publi氧气是一种化学性质比较活泼的气体，能与许多物质发生化学反应，在反应中提供氧，具有氧化性，是常用的氧化剂。物质在空气中和在氧气中燃烧现象的比较：

反应物反应现象化学方程式或文字表达式在空气中在氧气中

C+OCO 燃烧更旺，发出白光，放出热木炭持续红热，放出热量22

量，产生的气体使澄清石灰水（黑）变浑浊

SOS+O发出明亮的蓝紫色火焰，放出（黄）硫发出微弱的淡蓝色火22

热量，产生一种有刺激性气味产生一焰，放出热量，种有刺激性气味的无的无色气体色气体

发出耀眼白光，放出热量，产放出红磷发出黄白色的光，O2P4P+5O522生大量白烟热量，产生大量白烟铁丝

剧烈燃烧，火星四射，放出热离火后持续加热发红，O3Fe+ 2OFe423量，生成黑色固体变冷（不燃烧）

镁条

在氧气中燃烧更加剧烈，放出放在空气中即可燃烧，O2Mg+ 22MgO

出大量的热和耀眼的大量的热和耀眼的白光，生成白色固体白光，生成白色固体

燃烧更旺，发出白光，放出热放出产生黄白色光焰，蜡烛石蜡＋氧气

在火焰上方罩一二氧化碳＋水量。在火焰上方罩一个干冷的热量。个干冷的烧