2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解上课讲义
2019高考英语复习概要写作课件(共17张PPT)
women are friendly / men are competitive hormone oxytocin
Understanding of Para. 1
Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it’s all down to the hormone oxytocin. Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently. “Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men tend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status,” said Professor Ryan.
Whose opinion/belief/finding is mentioned?
Focus on the researcher’s findings!
Understanding of Para. 2
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social experiment1 interactions such as falling in love or giving birth. But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
高中英语概要写作技能策略辅导全文主旨归纳优质课PPT课件
• 主旨归纳是概要写作的第一步，包括对 全文主旨的归纳和对段落主旨的归纳。
一、全文主旨归纳
• 1. 常见问题 • 直接逐段阅读归纳各段主旨，忽略语篇整体。 • 2. 正确做法 • 全文主旨是语篇的核心，各段主旨正是围绕这一核心展开。概要写
作前从整体阅读文本入手，分析文章结构，理清段间关系，从而把 握全文主旨，有利于下一步各段主旨的确定与支持信息的筛选。
this way, you can admit that you are not always being fair and your anger is not being helpful. You cannot always
control what other people do or what happens around them. But you can control the way you react!
全文主旨受到其它段落支撑，同时影响其它段落主旨。
（2）试一试
• 你能用以上学到的方法归纳下文主旨吗？
•
Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The "standard" retirement age varies from
• 这句话意为：对付愤怒的最佳方法是学会用健康而有助的方式把它表达出来。But it can be very helpful. 说明表达出自己的愤怒很有帮助。文章的第二、三、四段讲几种健康而有助表 达愤怒的方式，第五段则强调了第一句的观点：不要积压愤怒，要表达出来。可以看出其 它几段支撑的都是是首段第一句观点，即愤怒要用合适的方式表达出来，没有进一步说明 表达出愤怒的益处，所以全文主旨在首段第一句，而不是But后的句子 。
(word完整版)2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解(2)
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析（一）考查内容：1、考查读懂文章内容的能力2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力3、考查归纳总结的能力4、考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点•1）字数50左右•2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点•3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇•4）完全使用自己的语言•5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑二、专题详解定义：It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
（三）写作方法Step 1. 确定体裁，明确主题Step 2. 明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）Step 3. 划主题句与关键信息Step 4. 写纲要，打草稿Step 5. 润色成文1) 找准体裁，提炼要点按体裁 2) 语言：同义词① 同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important ）②） ③ 句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3) 衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。
增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…, secondly…, finally…;and…, moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead, however,例（一）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Chris, whose job is exciting and dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS’s doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks his job is meaningful/helpful and he gains a lot. （同义词转换）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary ：People from countryside generally live longer than city people because they enjoy many advantages such as close with nature, physical work, being free from urban pressure, more free walk, quiet and peaceful environment, fresh food, etc. （句式改变）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Keys:Windbreak, which is formed by trees and other plants, is used by farmers to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of the nature. Windbreak can protect the crops and help improve grain production. However, windbreak should be planted properly to work its best.练习实战练习（一）One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of—a warm bottle, songs, etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn’t do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV, the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed(用脚失走）out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs.I heard no more of the baby’s crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor (暗喻) in my baby’s behavior for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. So is it in the schools with my students. I find that our students don’t read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is to watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary：The writer tried everything to make her baby fall asleep but failed. Surprisingly, when she turned on the TV, the baby kept quiet himself. Then she found that her students liked watching TV as much as her baby. So the writer suggested that we should let children watch what they want.实战练习（二）More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today.Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighbourhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way.Folding bikes work well for people who take the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.Health Benefits of Bicycling: It helps to prevent heart diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week bums off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Many people like bicycling because it’s fun, heathy and good for environment and it’s easy to stop and get off. Sometimes folding bikes can be taken with you on an airplane or a train. Most importantly, bicycling has a lot of health benefits.强化练习练习（一）Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives. However, some of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research.There is a belief that people with shifty(变化的) eyes are probably lying. As Paul Ekman says, “When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking(眨眼) and shifty eyes were the answers.” Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief. Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying. Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes. To understand what someone’s behavior means, you have to watch them carefully.There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better. As a result people would like to make initial (开始的) contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human. Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds，but any eye contact that is longer than that cm make us nervous.In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment. Experts suggest that unless you know about someone’s basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language. In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:The passage argues two wrong ideas about body language. One is that people believe shifty eyes means that person is lying. The other is that people believe the more eye contact, the better during communication. Finally, the writer gives us a suggestion that we should be careful when we judge somebody body language.练习（二）Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. We did everything together: having piano lessons, going to movies, swimming, and horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address Unknown.” I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda's married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but I still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs. Tobin!’’ she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary：Linda Evans and the writer are best friends. After the writer’s family moved away, they kept in touch through letters. Then, they were all busy and wrote letters often. Finally, they lost in touch with each other and the writer felt empty. After 40 years, the writer found Linda and they won’t lose each other again.1．他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解说课材料
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析（一）考查内容：1、考查读懂文章内容的能力 2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力 3、考查归纳总结的能力4、 考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点•1）字数50左右• 2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点• 3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇• 4）完全使用自己的语言• 5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑二、专题详解定义：It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
（三）写作方法（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）1) 找准体裁，提炼要点按体裁 2) 语言：同义词①同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important）②句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；）③句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3)衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。
增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…, secondly…, finally…;and…, moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead, however,例（一）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Chris, whose job is exciting and dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS’s doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary ：People from countryside generally live longer than city people because they enjoy many advantages such as close with nature, physical work, being free from urban pressure, more free_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Keys:Windbreak, which is formed by trees and other plants, is used by farmers to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of the nature. Windbreak can protect the crops and help improve grain production. However, windbreak should be planted properly to work its best.练习实战练习（一）One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of—a warm bottle, songs, etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn’t do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV, the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed(用脚失走）out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs.I hea rd no more of the baby’s crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor (暗喻) in my baby’s behavior for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. So is it in the schools with my students. I find that our students don’t read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is to watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary：The writer tried everything to make her baby fall asleep but failed. Surprisingly, when she turned on the TV, the baby kept quiet himself. Then she found that her students liked watching TV as much as her baby. So the writer suggested that we should let children watch what they want.实战练习（二）More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today.Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighbourhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way.Folding bikes work well for people who take the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.Health Benefits of Bicycling: It helps to prevent heart diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week bums off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary:Many people like bicycling because it’s fun, heathy and good for environment and it’s easy to stop and get off. Sometimes folding bikes can be taken with you on an airplane or a train. Most importantly, bicycling has a lot of health benefits.强化练习练习（一）Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives. However, some of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research.There is a belief that people with shifty(变化的) eyes are probably lying. As Paul Ekman says, “When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking(眨眼) and shifty eyes were the answers.” Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief. Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying. Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes. To understand what someone’s behavior means, you have to watch them carefully.There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better. As a result people would like to make initial (开始的) contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human. Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds，but any eye contact that is longer than that cm make us nervous.In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment. Experts suggest that unless you know about someone’s basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language. In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary:The passage argues two wrong ideas about body language. One is that people believe shifty eyes means that person is lying. The other is that people believe the more eye contact, the better during communication. Finally, the writer gives us a suggestion that we should be careful when we judge somebody body language.练习（二）Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. We did everything together: having piano lessons, going to movies, swimming, and horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address Unknown.” I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman —Linda's married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I t hought, but I still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs. Tobin!’’ she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on eac h other’s lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary：Linda Evans and the writer are best friends. After the writer’s family moved away, they kept in touch through letters. Then, they were all busy and wrote letters often. Finally, they lost in touch with each other and the writer felt empty. After 40 years, the writer found Linda and they won’t lose each other again.1．他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。
完整word版2019高考写作指导 概要写作方式及技巧
高中英语写作指导-《概要写作》该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
原文以说明文、议论文为主,概要,基本就是段落大意。
每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。
(一)高分要诀1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。
2.各要点的表达既要相对独立,又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
3.所用句型力求简单,安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语which,who等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语。
5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。
注意要点之间的衔接。
承接过渡让步过渡列举过渡目的过渡first of allfirst as soon as second with the aim althoughas a matter of thirdit is true...that offactin the first place even though for the sake so to speak initially of course of however to start with certainly with a view as it were furthermore admittedly today after day in addition indeed for the year in and year moreover true purpose of outs more 'what finally理由时间总结举例sinceaccording to by virtue of as an all in allbefore illustration so to summarize since for instance given in summary as one example as a result of in conclusion untilfor example because (of) as ameanwhile due to just as consequence at the moment in particular in view of lastlywhen on account of such as by and large whenever namely owing to finally as soon as to illustrate the reason why consequently just as in other words a case in point to sum up lead totake...for hencefor this reason表示时间表示强调比较总括过渡词at times as a rule similarly after above all as far as I am similar to afterwards after all concerned the same as in factfrom then on as for me accordingly immediately particularly economically both...aslaterthat is speaking at the same time anyway meanwhile generally in the same chiefly next speakingmannernow even worse in my opinion in a similar way until more often in my view in commonthan thatwhile in some then总括过渡词表示时间表示强调比较respectsobviouslymostin common on a large scaleequally important of on a personalimportant levelallfor one needless to practicallything...for sayspeakinganother simplistically no doubtlikewise to be surespeakingto take the ideafurther)(二高分三注意(三)成篇三步骤1.阅读(1)认真阅读给定的原文材料,如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍;阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。
Unit4概要写作专题课件高中英语堂(人教版2019)
因果
because of，due to， thanks to，therefore，so
目的
to do，in order to，so that， with the purpose of...
学会积累！
us another talk this week.
both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…可两个 简单句合并为一个简单句。连接两主语时需注意：
both…and…连接两个主语谓语复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not
only…but also…连接两主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
③This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
①We don’t speak Japanese well and Jim doesn’t, too.
②Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
in summary，in conclusion， in a word，all in all， last but not least，finally， at last...
递进
also，besides，in addition， more importantly， what’s more， what’s worse，
改写技巧
步骤二 意译（改写）
确定主题句
paraphrase
誊写成文
将要点或主题句用自己的语言进行准确地简化和 改写（保证要点和语法的准确、保证不被判定为抄袭原文）
改写技巧
(完整word)2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析（一）考查内容：1、考查读懂文章内容的能力2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力3、考查归纳总结的能力4、考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点•1）字数50左右•2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点•3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇•4）完全使用自己的语言•5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑二、专题详解定义：It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
（三）写作方法Step 1. 确定体裁，明确主题Step 2. 明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）Step 3. 划主题句与关键信息Step 4. 写纲要，打草稿Step 5. 润色成文1) 找准体裁，提炼要点按体裁 2) 语言：同义词① 同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important ）②） ③ 句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3) 衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。
增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…, secondly…, finally…;and…, moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead, however,例（一）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Chris, whose job is exciting and dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS’s doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks his job is meaningful/helpful and he gains a lot. （同义词转换）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary ：People from countryside generally live longer than city people because they enjoy many advantages such as close with nature, physical work, being free from urban pressure, more free walk, quiet and peaceful environment, fresh food, etc. （句式改变）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Keys:Windbreak, which is formed by trees and other plants, is used by farmers to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of the nature. Windbreak can protect the crops and help improve grain production. However, windbreak should be planted properly to work its best.练习实战练习（一）One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of—a warm bottle, songs, etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn’t do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV, the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed(用脚失走）out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs.I heard no more of the baby’s crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor (暗喻) in my baby’s behavior for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. So is it in the schools with my students. I find that our students don’t read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is to watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary：The writer tried everything to make her baby fall asleep but failed. Surprisingly, when she turned on the TV, the baby kept quiet himself. Then she found that her students liked watching TV as much as her baby. So the writer suggested that we should let children watch what they want.实战练习（二）More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today.Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighbourhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way.Folding bikes work well for people who take the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.Health Benefits of Bicycling: It helps to prevent heart diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week bums off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Many people like bicycling because it’s fun, heathy and good for environment and it’s easy to stop and get off. Sometimes folding bikes can be taken with you on an airplane or a train. Most importantly, bicycling has a lot of health benefits.强化练习练习（一）Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives. However, some of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research.There is a belief that people with shifty(变化的) eyes are probably lying. As Paul Ekman says, “When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking(眨眼) and shifty eyes were the answers.” Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief. Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying. Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes. To understand what someone’s behavior means, you have to watch them carefully.There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better. As a result people would like to make initial (开始的) contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human. Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds，but any eye contact that is longer than that cm make us nervous.In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment. Experts suggest that unless you know about someone’s basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language. In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:The passage argues two wrong ideas about body language. One is that people believe shifty eyes means that person is lying. The other is that people believe the more eye contact, the better during communication. Finally, the writer gives us a suggestion that we should be careful when we judge somebody body language.练习（二）Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. We did everything together: having piano lessons, going to movies, swimming, and horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address Unknown.” I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman — Linda's married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I thought, but I still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs. Tobin!’’ she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other’s lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary：Linda Evans and the writer are best friends. After the writer’s family moved away, they kept in touch through letters. Then, they were all busy and wrote letters often. Finally, they lost in touch with each other and the writer felt empty. After 40 years, the writer found Linda and they won’t lose each other again.1．他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。
高考英语专题复习课件：概要写作课件
(3) 上下文的连贯性; (4) 对各要点表达的独立性情况。 5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方 面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以 考虑。 6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一 个档次。
(二)各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
——理解准确,涵盖全部要点。 第五档 ——能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。 (21-25) ——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使所完
四、熟知评分原则，明确写作方向 (一)评分原则 1. 本题总分为25分, 按5个档次给分。 2. 评分时, 先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确
定其所属档次, 然后以该档次的要求来衡量、 确定或调整档次, 最后给分。 3. 词数少于40的和多于80的, 从总分中减去2分。 4. 评分时, 应主要从以下四个方面考虑: (1) 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; (2) 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;
三、常用连接词
1. 顺序 first…second…third… 首先……第二……第三……
firstly…secondly…thirdly…finally… 首先……第二……第三……最后……
to begin with…then…furthermore…finally 首先……然后……此外……最后……
成的概要结构紧凑。 ——完全使用自己的语言。
——理解准确,涵盖绝大部分要点。 第四档 ——所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误, (16-20) 但完全不影响意义表达。
——比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使 所完成的概要结构紧凑。 ——有个别整句抄自原文。
——理解较为准确,涵盖大部分要点。 第三档 ——所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些错误,但 (11-15) 不影响意义表达。
——应用简单的语句间连接成分,使上下文 内容连贯。 ——出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
2019高考写作指导《概要写作》方式技巧
高中英语写作指导 -《纲要写作》该题型供给一篇 350 词之内的短文 ,要求考生鉴于该短文写出一篇60 词左右的内容纲要。
原文以说明文、谈论文为主,纲要 ,基本就是段落粗心。
每段用一句话归纳 ,或许两段一个粗心 ,最多用两句话归纳。
(一 )高分要诀1.纲要应包含原文中的主要事实,略去不用要的细节。
这就要求考生在写作时要找重点词和主题句,正确理解、剖析原文重点,归纳段落粗心。
2.各重点的表达既要相对独立 ,又要有适合的连接 ,要用适合的关系词语贯穿全文 , 切忌只简单地写出一些互不相关的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关系词语,免得显得僵硬。
3.所用句型力争简单 ,安排好篇幅的比率 ,纲要应同原文保持协调,即用许多的文字写重要内容 ,用较少的文字写次要内容。
4.不排挤用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,假如不可以完整用自己的话语表达 ,起码对原词句子做一些同义词替代,假如构造上也能有一些变换会更好。
原词同义替代词difficult demanding,challengingnumerous,quantities of a(large)numberof/(large)numbers of+ 可数名词复数plenty of+ 可数many名词复数 /不行数名词 a good/great many+可数名词复数 a large/huge amount of/large amounts of+ 不行数名词many a+可数名词单数bad negative原词同义替代词good excellent,outstanding,extraordinary, remarkablebig massive,enormous,tremendous,giant,vast,large,hugesad绝望的失意的);frustrated(丧气的)depressed(,abundant ample,plentiful,generousdifferent various,a variety of,diversedoubted skeptical,suspicious(思疑的 )interesting amusing,entertainingbrave courageous,bold,fearlessrich wealthypoor needy别的 ,在写作时 ,要尽量使用短句 ,慎用长难句。
2019版高考英语写作攻略全国通用版(全解析)讲义图表说明文 Word版含解析
1．技法点拨(1)题型特点及写作步骤图表分类：①数字表、函数关系图、曲线图(graph)；②表格(table)；③几何图形(figure)；④图形表、饼状图(pie chart)；⑤条状图、柱状图(bar chart)；⑥平面图、示意图、外形图(diagram)。
图表说明文一般可分三个层次来写：①按照题目要求描述图表反映的总情况，即概括大意。
②对数字进行仔细的比较，抓住特点进行分析、归纳并找出产生变化的原因。
③可写读图表后的想法、结论、评论或针对反映出的问题采取的解决措施。
这类文章中一般现在时是比较常用的时态。
另外，写作时要处理好重点与次重点的关系，而不能没有主题。
在具体的布局谋篇中，图表作文可以采用三段式结构：第一段：开门见山，点明图表要反映的主题。
经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure, describe, tell, show, represent等，经常用到的句型有：As is shown in the graph/table ... /It can be seen from the table that ... /It can be concluded from the graph that ... /Compared with ... /According to the survey, about ...第二段：中间段落对图表的内容进行分析，可采用分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。
在叙述中切忌反复出现图表中的数据，因为这样会使你的文章显得毫无生气。
要注意改换叙述的句式，注意使用不同的词语及句式。
在描述图表中的变化与发展趋势时常用的短语和句型有：快速上升：rise/increase/go up sharply/rapidly/quickly/dramatically缓慢下降：decrease/reduce/come down/decline/drop/fallslowly/gradually描述数据的时候可以用到下面这些表达或词汇：转折：while, but, on the contrary, however比较：compared with/to, more than, less than对比：in contrast to, different from, difference between类似：similar to, as/the same ... as第三段：结尾对全文进行小结，经常使用的词语及句式有：in a word, in short, generally speaking, It's clear from the ... that ..., Based on the description above, we can safely draw the conclusion that ...(2)写作注意事项①考生应仔细研究题目及提示信息，认清图表中的数字、线条、阴影等部分的变化趋势和走向，抓住其主要特点，然后根据图表所显示的中心信息确定内容层次以及主题句。
Unit4Readingforwriting概要写作技巧讲义- 高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
概要是一篇较长文章本质思想的简洁重述，它要求用尽量少的语言对原文的主旨进行复述。
概要不是简单的换句话说，更不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的准确再现。
1 .理解准确，涵盖全部要点；2.能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；3.完全使用自己的语言；4.有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使完成的概要结构紧凑。
概要写作的阅读材料词数一般为300左右。
写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约60词的内容概要。
概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
注意事项1.词数要限制在60词左右，上下不得超过10个单词。
2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。
英语概要写作的一般做题技巧1、整体把握全文为了更好的进行全文的一个概括以及更好的对全文的主旨有一定的把握，我们首先要做的一步就是要在整体上对文章有一个把握，从而可以更好的抽取有用的信息。
2、分出文章的主次、详略为了更好地找到文章的主次、详略之处，最重要的一点就是要学会阅读。
因此，在英语教学的过程中，英语老师要加强学生在阅读能力方面的培养，使其可以更好的分清文章主次详略要点。
3、整理大意，开始写作在进行了文章整体主旨把握，并对文章的主次详略要点进行了一定程度的分析后，在整理好文章的大致大意之后，就可以开始动笔写作了，这是最后也同样是最关键的一步。
因为，在最终成文的过程中，要特别注意对英语正确性的应用。
在写作时要特别注意下面几点：(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
(3)注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
2019高考英语浙江专用培优写作技能课件：第三部分 第三讲概要写作
把脉考情
破解高考
浙江新高考命题探究 概要写作作为浙江英语高考新题型，就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心 大意，也称之为摘要。
1．写作要求
该题型要求考生基于所提供的一篇350词以内的短文写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 注意：词数限制在60词左右，原则上不可少于40词或多于80词。
把脉考情
破解高考
2．选材特点 所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文和议论文为主。考试说明所给的样题即是一篇 科普知识类的文章。文章结构清楚，文字比较书面化，句子结构较复杂。难度较 大，其难度高于阅读理解的文章。 3．命题特点 概要写作属于限制性写作。它是阅读理解和书面表达的有机结合。这一题型主要 考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁 的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the King of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the King
把脉考情
破解高考
2019版高考英语写作攻略讲义：常考应用文 Word版含解析
常考应用文一书信/电子邮件1．技法点拨(1)题型特点及写作步骤邀请信是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约，一般分为正式和非正式两种。
正式邀请信属于事务信函，一般为邀请参加会议、学术活动等。
另一种属于个人信函，例如邀请某人观看展览、出席典礼、共进晚餐等。
①正式邀请信的写作步骤这类信函一般以会议或活动组委会名义来写，被邀请者通常为比较有威望的人士。
因此，措辞要正式，语气要热情有礼。
第一段：表明邀请对方参加的意图。
第二段：介绍活动的名称、时间、地点；表达对被邀请人水平和能力的推崇和赞赏，以及能为活动带来的良好影响；说明会议相关事宜，引起对方的兴趣。
第三段：表达希望对方能够参加的诚意，并请收信人对邀请作出反馈。
②普通邀请信的写作步骤这类信函的邀请对象一般是朋友、熟人，所以内容和格式都比较随意、轻松。
第一段：表明邀请意图。
第二段：说明活动的内容、时间、地点等。
在信中应强调非常希望对方能够参加或者出席的愿望。
第三段：期待回复。
(2)写作注意事项①分类、特点邀请信是人们日常生活、社会活动和外事活动中常用的应用文体，它分为正式和非正式两种。
正式邀请信的格式(包括信头、信内地址、客套语等)要齐全，正文内容应用书面语。
非正式邀请信通常只有日期，没有信内地址，语句也很随意，多为口头表达。
②主要内容邀请信的内容主要包括邀请原因、活动地点和时间等，其特点是简单、热情、给人一种真诚、亲切的感觉。
非正式邀请信一般是用来邀请亲戚、朋友等关系较为亲密的人出席某种社交活动，其格式与普通信件差不多。
③注意事项邀请信应使用第一人称，双方的名字都要写全名；内容包括邀请的原因、约定的地点和时间等，而且必须写清楚，切忌含糊不清；如果要求被邀请人给出答复，可在信的左下角或下面正中处写上R.S.V.P(意为“请回复”)；如果有特殊要求，也应当在信中注明。
(3)句式积累①段首常用语I am writing to invite you to ...I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in ...I wonder if you can come ...How would you like to join us in ...?②段尾常用语Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to ...?My family and I would feel much honoured if you could come.We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision soon.2．经典范文(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。
2019版高考英语写作攻略(全解析)讲义：常考应用文 Word版含解析
常考应用文一书信/电子邮件1．技法点拨(1)题型特点及写作步骤邀请信是写信人对收信人的一种盛情邀约，一般分为正式和非正式两种。
正式邀请信属于事务信函，一般为邀请参加会议、学术活动等。
另一种属于个人信函，例如邀请某人观看展览、出席典礼、共进晚餐等。
①正式邀请信的写作步骤这类信函一般以会议或活动组委会名义来写，被邀请者通常为比较有威望的人士。
因此，措辞要正式，语气要热情有礼。
第一段：表明邀请对方参加的意图。
第二段：介绍活动的名称、时间、地点；表达对被邀请人水平和能力的推崇和赞赏，以及能为活动带来的良好影响；说明会议相关事宜，引起对方的兴趣。
第三段：表达希望对方能够参加的诚意，并请收信人对邀请作出反馈。
②普通邀请信的写作步骤这类信函的邀请对象一般是朋友、熟人，所以内容和格式都比较随意、轻松。
第一段：表明邀请意图。
第二段：说明活动的内容、时间、地点等。
在信中应强调非常希望对方能够参加或者出席的愿望。
第三段：期待回复。
(2)写作注意事项①分类、特点邀请信是人们日常生活、社会活动和外事活动中常用的应用文体，它分为正式和非正式两种。
正式邀请信的格式(包括信头、信内地址、客套语等)要齐全，正文内容应用书面语。
非正式邀请信通常只有日期，没有信内地址，语句也很随意，多为口头表达。
②主要内容邀请信的内容主要包括邀请原因、活动地点和时间等，其特点是简单、热情、给人一种真诚、亲切的感觉。
非正式邀请信一般是用来邀请亲戚、朋友等关系较为亲密的人出席某种社交活动，其格式与普通信件差不多。
③注意事项邀请信应使用第一人称，双方的名字都要写全名；内容包括邀请的原因、约定的地点和时间等，而且必须写清楚，切忌含糊不清；如果要求被邀请人给出答复，可在信的左下角或下面正中处写上R.S.V.P(意为“请回复”)；如果有特殊要求，也应当在信中注明。
(3)句式积累①段首常用语I am writing to invite you to ...I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in ...I wonder if you can come ...How would you like to join us in ...?②段尾常用语Would you please drop me a line to let me know if you can come to ...?My family and I would feel much honoured if you could come.We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.I would like to meet you there and please let me know yourdecision soon.2．经典范文(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。
2019版高考英语写作攻略讲义：一 记叙文 Word版含解析
常考实用文一记叙文1.技法点拨(1)题型特点及写作步骤记叙文是最常见、最基本的写作文体，它以真实的社会生活、自然景物为材料，以记人、叙事、状物、写景为主要内容，以叙述、描写或对话为主要表达方式，通过形象表达思想的一种文体。
行文时应遵循下列步骤：①交代活动的时间、地点、人物；②表明事情开端；③叙述事情的发展/活动内容一；事情进一步发展/活动内容二；事情发展的高潮/活动内容三；④事情的结束；⑤表明个人的看法或感受；⑥总结全文，再次抒发自己的感情。
(2)写作注意事项①主题要鲜明。
首先要认真审题，对题目所给信息，不论是短文还是表格，不论是文字还是图画，都务必仔细分析、反复推敲，确定选择典型事例、反映主题。
②内容要完整。
一般说来，记叙文包含六大要素：when (时间)，where (地点)，who (人物)，what (事件), why (原因), how (结果)。
文章要有始有终，确保内容的完整性。
③情节要合理。
按照事情发展的先后顺序，使用恰当的过渡词，使文章连贯、自然、详略得当。
④用词要恰当。
描写事件时，切忌词不达意，影响理解。
要牢记常用动词词组和经典句型。
⑤记叙事例中的时态通常用一般过去时。
(3)句式积累I was about to do ... when ...Tired as we were, we still felt quite happy.It was snowing/raining heavily on Monday morning.Last night I was busy preparing for my test when I heard a loud noise.It is reported that Sanlu milk powder has caused kidney stones in babies.Thanks for your concern.On my way home, I came across an old friend.The sun was shining and the birds were singing.This is really an unforgettable experience.I learn from the experience that honesty always comes first.2．经典范文[2017·北京高考]假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解上课讲义
2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析（一）考查内容：1、考查读懂文章内容的能力2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力3、考查归纳总结的能力4、考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点?1）字数50左右?2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点?3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇?4）完全使用自己的语言?5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑二、专题详解定义：It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longercomposition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
（三）写作方法Step 1. 确定体裁，明确主题Step 2. 明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）Step 3. 划主题句与关键信息Step 4. 写纲要，打草稿Step 5. 润色成文1)找准体裁，提炼要点按体裁2)语言：同义词&词组替换；句式简化；句子重构①保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容②删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和记叙文，主要信息应包括：When? Where? Who? What?Why?How(时间先后顺序/事情发展顺序)?Result议论文，作者的观点。
作者如何论证自己的观点的 (举例证明的，归纳总结①同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important ）②句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；）③句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3)衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。
2019高考写作指导-《概要写作》方式及技巧(汇编)
高中英语写作指导-《概要写作》该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
原文以说明文、议论文为主,概要,基本就是段落大意。
每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。
(一)高分要诀1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。
2.各要点的表达既要相对独立,又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
3.所用句型力求简单,安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
此外,在写作时,要尽量使用短句,慎用长难句。
例如,尽量少用关系代词which,who 等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语。
5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。
注意要点之间的衔接。
概要写作中的衔接过渡词汇:列举过渡目的过渡让步过渡承接过渡first of allfirstsecondthirdin the first place initiallyto start with furthermorein addition moreover what’s more finally with the aimoffor the sakeofwith a viewtofor thepurpose ofalthoughit is true...thateven thoughof coursecertainlyadmittedlyindeedtrueas soon asas a matter offactso to speakhoweveras it wereday after dayyear in and yearout举例理由时间总结as an illustration for instance one example for example just asin particular such as namelyto illustratea case in point take...for sinceby virtue ofsogivenas a result ofbecause (of)due toin view ofon account ofowing tothe reason whyin other wordslead tofor this reasonbeforesinceasuntilmeanwhileat the momentwhenwheneveras soon asjust asaccording toall in allto summarizein summaryin conclusionas aconsequencelastlyby and largefinallyconsequentlyto sum uphence总括过渡词 表示时间 表示强调 比较as a rule as far as I am concerned as for me economically speaking generally speakingin my opinion in my view in someat times afterafterwards from then on immediately latermeanwhile next now until while thenabove all after all in factparticularly that is anyway chiefly even worse more often than thatsimilarly similar to the same as accordingly both...asat the same time in the same mannerin a similar wayin common总括过渡词 表示时间 表示强调 比较respects obviouslyon a large scale on a personal levelpractically speaking simplistically speakingto take the idea furthermostimportant of allneedless to sayno doubt to be sure in common equally important for one thing...for another likewise(二)高分三注意(三)成篇三步骤 1.阅读(1)认真阅读给定的原文材料,如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍;阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。
2019版高考英语写作攻略讲义：二 说明文 Word版含解析
二说明文1．技法点拨(1)题型特点及写作步骤事物说明类文章写作一般包括三部分内容：一是提出要说明的事物或事件，接下来按照不同的顺序和设计加以说明，注意图片或文字的提示至关重要；最后要以最简洁的语句加以总结：或表达自己的观点和看法，或总结描述事物的特征，或推荐描述产品和事物等。
(2)写作注意事项该类文章语言要准确，词句要恰当，并尽可能多地使用结构稍复杂的句式来表达丰富的信息。
同时要确保行文连贯，衔接或过渡自然，借以将有效信息传达给读者。
(3)句式积累①描述现象常用表达Nowadays, there are more and more ...As is well known to us, it is important for the students to ...At present, ... is becoming more and more popular among us.②分析原因常用表达There are three reasons for this ...The reasons for this are as follows ...The reason for this is obvious ...The reason for this is that ...The reason why ... is that ...③表明自己观点常用表达in my view / opinion, ...As for me, ...As far as I am concerned, ...I agree with ...We are in favour of the idea ...As middle school students, we should ...2．经典范文[2014·浙江高考]学校图书馆需要购置一批新书，现向学生征求意见。
假如你是李越，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书(popular science books)和文学类图书(literary books)。
2019版高考英语一轮复习课件：专题十七-概要写作
ing plan and keep up your daily writing.(要点3)Besides,you'd better turn to others for help to improve your writing.(要点4)
第二页，共26页。
Writing 2(2018浙江金华十校一模) 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every
In order to serve as a school bus driver, most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.
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2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解2019高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析（一）考查内容：1、考查读懂文章内容的能力 2、考查识别作者写作目的的能力 3、考查归纳总结的能力4、 考查组织文章的能力（二）评分要点•1）字数50左右• 2）理解准确，涵盖全部要点• 3）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇• 4）完全使用自己的语言• 5）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑二、专题详解定义：It is a brief, thorough and objective restatement of the main idea and key points of a longer composition.读者在正确理解文章的基础上, 在不改变原文中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下，用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点。
（三）写作方法（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）1) 找准体裁，提炼要点按体裁 2) 语言：同义词①同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例 improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important）②句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；）③句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3)衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。
增加：按逻辑关系，补充连接词firstly…, secondly…, finally…;and…, moreover…, furthermore…; but, instead, however,例（一）_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Summary:Chris, whose job is exciting and dangerous, works for MFS. Chris and other MFS’s doctors need to be ready to go almost anywhere in the world and might be sent on an emergency task. Christ thinks_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary ：People from countryside generally live longer than city people because they enjoy many advantages such as close with nature, physical work, being free from urban pressure, more free_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____Keys:Windbreak, which is formed by trees and other plants, is used by farmers to protect their land from damage by farming and the forces of the nature. Windbreak can protect the crops and help improve grain production. However, windbreak should be planted properly to work its best.练习实战练习（一）One hot night last August, I tried everything I could think of—a warm bottle, songs, etc. to make him fall into sleep, but he just couldn’t do it. Since I believed that a long night was waiting for me ahead, I had no choice but to bring a TV into his room to kill off the hours until dawn. I was surprised that the moment I turned on the TV, the baby became quiet right away and fixed his little eyes brightly on the screen. Not willing to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then tiptoed(用脚失走）out of the room, leaving him to watch the boring TV programs.I hea rd no more of the baby’s crying that night and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV by himself. I found there was a metaphor (暗喻) in my baby’s behavior for the new generation. When I gave my boy some books to go over, he only spit upon them; when I read to him, he did not feel comfortable. So is it in the schools with my students. I find that our students don’t read and they look down upon reading and make light of those of us who teach it. All they want to do is to watch TV. After this experience with the baby, however, I have drawn a conclusion: “Let them watch it!” If television is much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight against it? Let them watch what they want!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary：The writer tried everything to make her baby fall asleep but failed. Surprisingly, when she turned on the TV, the baby kept quiet himself. Then she found that her students liked watching TV as much as her baby. So the writer suggested that we should let children watch what they want.实战练习（二）More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today.Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost! Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighbourhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way.Folding bikes work well for people who take the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.Health Benefits of Bicycling: It helps to prevent heart diseases. Bicycling helps to control your weight. A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week bums off five kilos of fat in a year. Bicycling can improve your mood. Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident. Bicycling is healthier than driving._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary:Many people like bicycling because it’s fun, heathy and good for environment and it’s easy to stop and get off. Sometimes folding bikes can be taken with you on an airplane or a train. Most importantly, bicycling has a lot of health benefits.强化练习练习（一）Understanding body language is important to success, whether in the business world or in our personal lives. However, some of our ideas about body language are wrong, according to modern communication research.There is a belief that people with shifty(变化的) eyes are probably lying. As Paul Ekman says, “When we asked people how they could tell if someone was lying, too much blinking(眨眼) and shifty eyes were the answers.” Ekman goes on to argue against such a wrong belief. Although this kind of body language is probably an expression of nervousness, it is not always because the person is lying. Shyness can, for example, make people shift their eyes. To understand what someone’s behavior means, you have to watch them carefully.There is also a belief that when meeting someone, the more eye contact, the better. As a result people would like to make initial (开始的) contact in formal situations, like a job interview, by staring fixedly at the other human. Yet Ekman points out that most of us are comfortable with eye contact lasting a few seconds，but any eye contact that is longer than that cm make us nervous.In short, you must carefully consider the speaker and the speaking environment. Experts suggest that unless you know about someone’s basic communication style, you will have little hope in understanding their true feelings through body language. In other words, body language carries important but not always true messages._____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary:The passage argues two wrong ideas about body language. One is that people believe shifty eyes means that person is lying. The other is that people believe the more eye contact, the better during communication. Finally, the writer gives us a suggestion that we should be careful when we judge somebody body language.练习（二）Linda Evans was my best friend—like the sister I never had. We did everything together: having piano lessons, going to movies, swimming, and horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch through letters, and we saw each other on special time—like my wedding and Linda’s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came back, stamped “Address Unknown.” I had no idea how to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that only a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman —Linda's married name. “There must be thousands of Wagmans,” I t hought, but I still wrote to her.She called as soon as she got my letter. “Mrs. Tobin!’’ she said excitedly, “Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on eac h other’s lives. Now the empty place in my heart is filled. And there’s one thing that Linda and I know for sure: We won’t lose each other again!_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Summary：Linda Evans and the writer are best friends. After the writer’s family moved away, they kept in touch through letters. Then, they were all busy and wrote letters often. Finally, they lost in touch with each other and the writer felt empty. After 40 years, the writer found Linda and they won’t lose each other again.1．他利用她人好心软，三番五次向她借钱。