独立主格结构专题

• The man was walking on the street,book under __a_rm__.
• 提示：a book under his arm中的限定词a
•
和his都可以去掉，或者都保留。
区分with sb/sth to do/doing/done/being done
• 1.With spring _c_o_m_in_g___(come),trees turn green.
实战实练
• 如果后天没有人来，他们就把会议推迟到 下周日（将来、主动、条件）
• Nobody _t_o_c_om__e_ the day after tomorrow,they will have to put off the meeting till next Sunday.
• = _W_i_th___ nobody _to__co_m_e_ the day after..., • =___If__ nobody _c_om__es_ the day after...,
构成形式与逻辑关系
l
逻
辑主• 1.sb.+to do sth
后于谓语动词，主动关系
语是• 2.sb/sth.+to be done 后于谓语动词，被动关系
人称• 3.sb/sth doing sth 与谓语同时，主动关系
代词• 4.sb/sth done
先于谓语动词、被动关系
时，• 5.sb/sth +n.
• =The prisoner stood there _a_n_d__ his hands _w_e_r_e_ra_is_e.d
• 2.More time _g_iv_e_n__(give),we should have done it much better. 条件状语/动作完成/被动关系
• =_If__ more time _h_a_d_b_e_en_g_i_ve_n_,we should...
• B_e_c_a_us_e_/W__he_n__ his parents _w_e_re__ away,...
(with) sb/sth+prep+sb/sth
• The man was walking on the street,with a book under _h_i_s_ arm.
• The man was walking on the street,_a___ book under his arm.
• 2.We met many guests,most of them (_b_ei_n_g)_A_m_e_r_ic_a_ns__ (America) .(是美国人)
(with) sb +n.补充说明信息
• =We met many guests,most of _w_ho_m_ _w__er_e Americans.
• 2.As the girl stared at him,he didn't know what to say.=_T_h_e_g_irl__s_ta_r_ing___a_t ____ him,
• 3.After the problem was settled,the meeting came to an end.=_T_h_e_pr_o_b_le_m_s_e_tt_le,d
补充一个信息，说明身份
要• 6.sb/sth+adj. 说明状态
用
主• 7.sb/sth+adv. 说明状态或处所
格
形• 8.sb/sth+prep. 说明处所或状态
式
with sb/sth+宾语补足语
说
with
明
• 1.with sb/sth +adj.
状
后 面
•
2.with sb/sth.+adv.
• 2.With so much work _t_o_d_o__(do),he had to stay at home.
• 3.With Leabharlann Baidull his homework _d_o_n_e__(do),Tom went out to play football.
• 4.With his car _b_e_in_g_r_e_p_a_ir_ed__(repair),the driver made a call.
(with) sb/sth+n/adj/adv/prep
• 1.I heard that she got injured in the n+adj. accident,_m_y_h_e_ar_t_fu_ll_o_f_w_o_rr_y(心中充满担忧).
• ...,and my heart __w_as__ full of worry.
(with) sb/sth+prep.+sb/sth
• 1.The murderer got into the house,
_a_s_w_or_d_i_n_h_is_h_a_nd_____(手里拿着一把剑).
_w_it_h_ a sword in his hand sword in hand
伴随状语
• 4.He wrote a lot of novels and many of them were translated into foreign languages.=...,_m__an_y__of__th_e_m___tra_n_sl_at_e_d into foreign languages.=...,many of _w_h_ic_h_ were...
tomorrow morning,...
is to be held
(with) sb/sth doing sth
• 1.It _b_e_in_g___ a fine day,we decided to go swimming. 同时、原因、be动词
• =_B_e_c_au_s_e_ it _i_s___ a fine day,... • 2.Spring _c_o_m_in_g_(come),the fields are full
• _M_u_s_ic_o_v_er__(音乐一结束),all the audience stood up with sounds of applause. 时间状语
• =_A_s_s_oo_n__as_ music _w_a_s__ over,all...
• His parents _a_w_a_y____(不在家),he took charge of everything at home. 时间或原因状语
_a_n_d__ a sword __w__a_s in his hand
• 改错 The murderer got into the house,a
sword in hand.
去掉a
• The murderer got into the house,a sword
in hand.
^his
(with) sb/sth +adv.
结构、位置、作用与转换
• 结构-----逻辑主语+逻辑谓语
• 位置-----句首、句中、句尾
• 作用----后置定语
•
状语---
伴随状语---可转换成并列句 条件状语--可转换成条件状语从句
原因状语--可转换成原因状语从句
时间状语--可转换成时间状语从句
让步状语--可转换成让步状语从句
方式状语--可转换成方式状语从句
of life. 同时、主动、原因 • =B_e_c_au_s_e spring i_s_c_om__in_g,the fields... • 3.Weather _pe_r_m_it_ti_ng_(permit),we will go
boating tomorrow. 条件，主动 • =_If__ weather p_e_r_m_it_s ,we will...
• =_S_in_c_e there _w_a_s _ no one in the classromm,......
(with) sb/sth+done被动/动宾关系
• 1.The prisoner stood there,his hands _ra_i_se_d_(raise). 伴随状语/被动/完成
there being sb/sth
• 1.There _b_e_in_g_ no bus,we had to go back home on foot. 原因、同时、there be 结构
• =B_e_c_a_us_ethere _w_a_s__ no bus,we had to...
• 2.There _b_e_in_g__ no one in the classroom,Mr.Wang wondered what was happening. 原因，同时、there be结构
补充说明身份或内容
式 • 8.with sb/sth +done 先于谓语动词，完成，被动
without sb/sth+宾语补足语
• 1.without sb/sth+n./adj./adv/prep. • 2.without sb/sth doing sth. • 3.without sth being done
• 7.The war was over without a shot _b_e_in_g_f_ir_e_d_(fire).
句型转换
• 1.As it was a fine day,we decided to go a picnic.=_It__ __be_i_ng__ a fine day,...
• 5.The couple often take a walk after supper with their pet dog __fo_l_lo_w_i_n_g(follow) them.
• 6.The couple often take a walk after dinner,_f_o_llo_w__ed_ by their pet dog.
独立主格结构
定义与用途
• 独立主格结构（逻辑主语+逻辑谓语）与主语 之间没有句法上的联系，但是与句子的意义是 紧密联系在一起的。 从独立主格的结构上可 以看出它是没有谓语动词的，因此它只能属于 短语，而不可以单独成为一个句子，是一个独 立于句子之外，但是又能表达逻辑上的主谓关 系或动宾关系的独特结构。它的位置比较灵活， 可以置于句首、句中、句尾，通常与句子之间 用逗号隔开。通常在句中作后置定语或各种状 语用--伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语、时间 状语、让步状语等。没有连词的参与。
态 、
的 逻
•
3.with sb/sth+prep.+sb/sth.
处 所
辑 主
•
4.with sb+to do sth
后于谓语动词，主动关系
语 要
•
5.with sth
to do
后于谓语动词，被动关系
用 宾
•
6.with sb doing
sth
与谓语动词同时，主动关系
格 形
•
7.with sb/sth +sb/sth
• 2.The examination _to_b_e_h_e_ld_____(hold) tomorrow morning, I couldn't go to surf the Internet tonight. 将来、被动、原因
• =_A_s_/S_in_c_e__ the examination _w_i_ll_b_e_h_el_d_/
(with) sb/sth+to do/to be done
• 1.More time _to__be__gi_v_en__(give),they will finish the task on time. 将来、被动、条件
• =__If__ more time _i_s_g_iv_e_n_,they will...