科技英语教材第1至4章练习答案
（整理后）科技英语部分课后答案
（整理后）科技英语部分课后答案第一单元第8页1. processing speed 处理速度2. user-friendly interactive graphics 用户友好的交互图形3. product cycle 产品周期4. design specification 设计规格5. design evaluation 设计评价6. 计算机辅助设计CAD7. 计算机辅助制造CAM8. 计算机辅助工程CAE9. 设计过程design process10. 制造过程production process翻译句子（考5个）1. Today’s industries cannot survive worldwide competition unlessthey introduce new products with better quality（quality, Q）, at lower cost（cost, C）, and with shorter time delivery （delivery, D）.除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。
2.The design process starts from customers’ demands that areidentified by marketing personnel and ends with a complete description of the product, usually in the form of a drawing.设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。
3. The activities involved in the design process can be classifiedlargely as two types: synthesis and analysis.设计过程所涉及的活动大体分为两类：综合和分析4. An analysis model is derived first because the analysis subprocess is applied to the model rather than the design itself 首先要导出一个分析模型，因为分析子过程适用于该模型而非设计本身。
科技英语翻译练习答案(重排版)
科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
科技英语部分课后练习答案
III: Text Organization
Part I (1-3):
A multibillion-dollar craft called the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV).
Part II (4-7): David Gump and Gary Hudson;
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III: Translation
11.每个化学元素在周期表中都有一定的原子数和 位置，可以据此来推测其特性：如何同别的元素 相互作用，能形成什么样的化合物，以及它的物 理属性。
12.固体加热到足够温度时，它所含的电子就会有 一部分离开固体表面而飞到周围的空间中去；这 种现象称为热电子放射；通常，电子管就利用这 种现象产生自由电子。
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II: Abstract Correction
The current calibration methods of the projectilevelocity measurement system are introduced, and the problem and the unreasonableness of these methods are analyzed. Based on the principle of the mathematical statistics, the calibration method is investigated that measures the projectile-velocity at the same time by the multi-group zone-block device is unbiased, uniform and efficient and uses the average of the measured value as the true value of the projectile-velocity at the point.
科技英语教材 第 1 至 4 章 练习答案
参考答案第1章第1节翻译的标准第1节翻译练习11．动力装置是船舶的心脏。
(英语中一词多义的现象很普遍，翻译时要根据上下文判断多义词的准确含义，尤其是在翻译科技英语时，一定要选用恰当的中文词汇。
plant一词含义很多，但在此句中应该是“设备，装置”的意思。
)2．驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
(该句也存在英语中一词多义的现象。
unit一词含义很多，但在此句中应该是“装置”而不是”单元”的意思。
)第1节翻译练习21．半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多应用中替代电子管。
(不好)半导体器件也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
(较好)2．狭窄的条件就意味着旅客的腿不能自由活动。
(不好)空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
(较好)3．所有物体被知道具有重量并占据空间。
(不好)我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
(较好)第1节翻译练习31．从水中把矿物质去除被叫做软化。
(欠佳)去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
(简洁)2．属于双子叶的植物的典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
(欠佳) 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
(简洁)第4节翻译的一般方法第4节翻译练习11．爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一的理论。
(直译)2．这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属，硅酸盐和水构成。
(意译)3．设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。
(意译)4．要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。
(意译)第4节翻译练习21．植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。
(合译)2．医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。
(分译)3．太阳的大小看起来有变化．这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。
(分译) 4．这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1，000公里，小的不到1公里。
(分译) 5．制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。
前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。
(分译)第4节翻译练习31.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。
科技英语课后练习答案
科技英语课后练习答案Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processUnit 3Part 2 Reading AⅠ Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.T8.T9.F 10.FⅡGive brief answers to the following questio ns.1. Nissan will unveil a new city car ,the pixo and a battery-electric concept car2. Pixo is available with manual or automatic transmissions.3. Sales start from late spring 2009.4. The NuVu battery pack uses new laminated lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 140 wh/kg .5.There are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow.Ⅲ Match the items listed in the following two columns.1-5 j f d c g6-10 e I h b aⅣ Translate the following expressions.1.手动或自动挡2.内部设计3.薄板锂离子电池4.太阳能电池板5.头尾灯6 concept car7. Horse power8. test bed9. battery pack10. turning circleⅤTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu，预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
科技英语课后习题答案
come back to the originator of an action with an undesired effect
3. Perhaps boys are simply more costly to raise than girls, and would thus overtax the resources of a lone parent.
The man who lives next to us is a fool.
5. You must buy me the house.
The house is near Xiangshan.
You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.
2. Fill in the blanks with the words “that, which, who, whom”.
tax excessively
4. I‘ve been in the fortunate position of watching a lot of people undergo career transitions during the past several years, myself included.
behavior and consequences. 4. Awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution. 5. But risks must be taken because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing. 6. When he regained consciousness he was disoriented and not sure how he had gotten there. 7. When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily backfire into a nightmare of the most
科技英语翻译课后练习答案
3. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused 太by阳d的u大st小in看t起he来a有ir变n化ea，r 这th是e 由ho于riz靠o近n.地平线的空气中
有尘粒而引起的。（分译）
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4. These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one.
爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译）
2. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.
这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。 （意译）
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3. The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs.
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第4节 翻译练习2
1. The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water.
植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译）
2. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for 医an生e对m血ia.样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译）
第4章 代词的翻译 1、代词的一般译法 2、人称代词的译法 3、形容词性物主代词的译法 4、指示代词的译法 5、不定代词的译法 6、it及其句型的译法 7、总复习题
科技英语课后题答案
答案：答案：练习1：1. A rocket is made of metal.2. A battery is a device that gives a constant voltage.3. What a good computer (it is)！ How good a computer (it is)!4. In a computer, the tendency is to operate as high a clock rate as possible.5. A body must be made to move, or no work will be done.6. This railroad is 6 times longer than that one.7. Ordinary windows cannot withstand so large a force.8. This value is one third what it was.9. This is too complicated a problem for us to go into here.10. It will take a computer half an hour to solve this problem.练习2：1. We obtained this result with great ease.2. There are many instruments in common use.3. Forces are measured in newtons.4. The concept of gravity will be introduced in the next section.5. Of the first three chapters, the first one introduces nuclear energy.6. These two values differ by 5.7. This new device has many advantages over those old ones.8. We need to solve these equations for those unknowns.9. In everyday life, forces seem to be transmitted only by 9. In everyday life, forces seem to be transmitted only by ““direct contact direct contact””.10. This result looks correct.11 . This point cannot be overemphasized. 12. Their distance apart is very small.练习3：1. This quantity of information is approximately proportional to the range of frequencies usable/ available.2. All the chemistry textbooks available mention this phenomenon.3.In a normal atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons present.4.In this paper there is nothing special.5. In this case the signal waveform can be transmitted undistorted.6. The rays of the sun reach the earth almost parallel.7. This is a positive number larger than 1.8. Such sequences must have a limit either finite or infinite.9. This method can be used to handle problems too complex to be solved by inspection.10. All systems, living and mechanical, are (both) information and feedback control systems.11. Simple in structure and low in price, this machine is warmly received by users.12. Contrary to common belief, Dr.Gordon was not the first to use the metal. 13. The ball is moving parallel to the table 13. The ball is moving parallel to the table’’s surface.14. This circuit operates similar to a counter.15. This is a straight ling 5 meters long.练习4：1. One of the advantages of these new devices over the old ones is their small size.2. Because of its great importance, this circuit will be discussed in detail later.4. Our discussion of this topic will be presented in the next chapter.6. The density of water is higher than that of ice.7. By efficiency one means the ratio of output to input.9. These results are in agreement with the experimental ones.10. These computers are similar to those in our labortory.练习51. This is any constant not zero.6. These devices have been factory calibrated accurately.11. These measurements must be made at many frequencies, a rather time-consuming and tedious task.13. This method has an advantage over that of example 2.17. The variation of speed with time is shown in Fig. 6-6.练习73. The stationary electric charge can never interact with a magnet.4. Eq. (5-18) cannot be satisfied for all values of x and t.5. None of the textbooks available have mentioned this problem.7. This instrument does not appear to be good as that one.9. This figure indicates that the speed of light is not infinite as many people believed at that time.10. These rules are not valid for all types of circuits.练习8：2. The better one knows C, the harder it seems to be to avoid writing C ++ in C style3. In a well-designed instrument, R4 may be as high as 105. In this case, switch resistance is much less important.8. The whale 8. The whale’’s body is a thousand times heavier than its brain, while the elephant s body is a thousand times heavier than its brain, while the elephant’’s body is about 5 hundred times as heavy.9. There are probably as many different techniques as there are service men.练习9：1. In recent years, they have been designing a new kind of product.2. We discussed this problem briefly in chapter 1.3. That aircraft is being assembled.4. It has been/ is more than 10years since this professor became an academician.5. By the end of this year, these engineers will have worked in this research institute for 20years.6. The world is always changing.7. Up to now, we have been concerned only with the motion of particles.8. This is the first time they have ever developed this new kind of computer.9. A few years ago, the NASA said that they would establish a space factory.10. That chief physician told us that his research group had found a new kind of virus.练习练习10： 1. Full use should be made of the computers available.or: The computer available should be made full use of. 2. Each point is assigned a number.3. Now we are told that I is proportional to V .4. Nonlinear equations will be discussed in chapter5.5. This stone is being acted on by 3 forces.6. The reader may not be convinced that this is true.练习11：2. To deform anything requires a force.3. To do work is to move a body through a distance.5. In this laboratory there are many devices for students to choose from.7. This case is particularly simple to analyze.8. It requires much time and effort for scientific knowledge to be applied to the practical affairs of life.9. There are wide differences in the ability of various substances to conduct heat.10. Gravity is the tendency of all objects to attract each other.11. This unit determines which of these operations to perform.12. In some experiments, you will be told what to measure and what instruments to use.练习12：对比对比 练习11第一题：第一题：All matter is found to be composed of atoms or molecules.Ⅲ1. This is a device consisting f five parts.2. Resistance equals voltage divided by current.3. Flowing through a circuit, the current will meet some opposition.4. Expressed in a formula, this law can be written as follows.5. This battery, properly used, may last for a long time.6. A force can be resolved into two components, one of them (being) vertical and the other horizontal.Ⅳ1. Let us construct, with the origin as center, a circle of radius R.2. A tiny nucleus is at the center of the atom, with its electrons some distance away.3. With no friction present, energy would not be lost.4. This device was designed with security in mind.5. The equations with V proportional to F can be solved this way.6. A keyboard is the device with buttons on it.练习13：1. There are many ways of generating electricity.4. Upon/ On rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations.5. In using the above equation, attention must be paid to the sign.6. Compressing a gas quickly raises its temperature.8. The more crowded the conditions, the greater the chances of epidemics breaking out.练习17：1. It is necessary to know what units are used for measuring the quantity of heat.2. This book tells the reader what electric circuits are and what we do with them.4. Force is what makes bodies move.5. What this chapter describes is extremely important.7. This concept will be introduced in what the author hopes is a clear and concise manner.9. What we call the weight of a body is really the attractive force which the earth exerts on the body. 10. The current in this branch has become 10 times what it was.练习182. There is almost no natural science but requires mathematics.4. It is unfortunate that early cancer is painless; otherwise, cancer would not be the problem (that) it is.9. Faraday was the scientist who discovered electromagnetic induction.10. Gain is the number of times an amplifier amplifies a signal.练习19：1. These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws in electricity are built.6. They derived an equation, the solution to which is very simple.8. The author would like to thank the editors of the series of which this book is a part.练习20：1. We can let the x-axis coincide with one of the forces, which will simplify the problem.5. As the name shows, a conductor is the substance that conducts electric current.6. This resulted in the creation of 6. This resulted in the creation of ““high-speed mechanics high-speed mechanics””, or as it is called relativistic mechanics.7. The result is as shown in Fig. 2.练习22：1. There does exist water on that planet.2. It is not clear by what method it is that this equation can be solved.4. It is this advantage of the device with which we are concerned.5. It may well be this flaw that often leads to the failure of that computer.6. It is what this paper describes that has attracted many readers.练习23：3. Below / Here is a table of conductivities of some metals we are familiar with.6. Shown in Fig. 1-1 is a block diagram of a digital computer.7. By speed is meant the ratio of distance to time.9. This problem we shall discuss in detail later.10. By no means do ions move in a wire.练习24：3. It is necessary to find the current through and the voltage across the capacitor.5. This value is less than or equal to unity.6. No matter how high the density, solar matter can be considered as an ideal gas.7.Different emf’’s result in potential gradients. hence electric fields.7.Different emf。
【优质】科技英语综合教程练习答案
4.19世纪，电力设备以及由此兴起的工业得到迅速发展，而当时人们对电的性质还不完全了解。
5.应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。
6.可以有把握地说，除了琥珀之外，许多其他物质通过摩擦也能带电。
第三节科技英语中的复合词与专有名词
1. H (耐热的，抗热的，不传热的)2. E (带宽)
3. J (流线型的)4. B (基岩)
2. Heated to 100°C, water will start boiling.
3. The nutrient solution will support growth evenif highly dilute.
4. Two or three hundred of these wires, each about 0.19 inches in diameter, are clamped together to form a single strand.
4. H (unidentified flying object)
5. C (microwave landing system)
6. B (video-display terminal)
科技英语综合教程练习答案
科技英语综合教程练习答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Keys:第一章科技英语阅读第一节科技英语主要特点I.1.The first three sentences in Passage One are all constructed with passive voice while thefirst three sentences in Passage Two are constructed with active voice. Therefore, the language in Passage One sounds more formal and objective than that of Passage Two.2.The words spoken by Sheila in Passage Two are informal. Examples: "There's Ravi at thehome of that American doctor." (Contracted form); "A wonderful guy." (Incomplete sentence); "Ravi looks sweet, doesn 't he"3. (Question tag).4.5.In the second paragraph of Passage One, "it" refers to "to use insecticide regularly, on avery large scale."6.In the second paragraph of Passage Two, "through" means "finish" or "complete."7.Passage One is written for academic purpose and Passage Two mainly forentertainment.II.Passage OneA blast of hot air is sent into the bottom of the furnace to make the coke burn fiercely. It is blown into the furnace through pipes. These pipes are installed around the circumference of the blast furnace eight feet above the bottom.While the coke is burning and iron is melting, gas is formed at the top of the chamber. This is led off from the top of the furnace to be used. It contains carbon monoxide, which is combustible. Part of this gas is used for making the air blast hot. It is led off into stoves.Passage TwoAll elements are composed of discrete units called atoms, which are the smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of the element. Atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and electrically neutral neutrons. Protons and neutrons, which have approximately the same mass, are clustered in the nucleus in the center of the atom. Electrons, which are tiny in comparison to the other units, orbit the nucleus at high speed. Atoms that have an equal number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. Those that have gained or lost electrons, and therefore are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.第二节科技、半科技英语专业术语I.1. D (自动驾驶仪)2. F (生物钟)3. I (热核的)4. G (地热的)5. B (微波)6. J (放射疗法)7. E (光周期)8. A (超导体)9. H (远距离操纵器) 10. C (超显微/滤过性病毒)II.1. 一位从事航空医学研究的医生2. 防止计算机犯罪的措施3. 一种新型除霜器4. 一个用光电池驱动的玩具5. 一辆装有自动报警器的汽车6. 隔音材料7. 一种广泛使用的杀虫剂（农药）8. 用放射性碳做的试验9. 电信业的发展10. 一台通用机床III.1. in-(Inorganic)2. radio- (radioactive)3. hydro- (Hydrotherapy)4. -free (caffeine-free)5. infra- (infrared) / ultra- (ultrared)6. mono- (monorail)7. aero- (Aerodynamics) 8. -fold (33-fold)9. geo- (geocentric) 10. -proof (weatherproof)11. bio- (biotechnology) 12. anti- (antibiotic)IV. 发电站 2. 矿物燃料 3. 太阳黑子 4. 航天探测器 5. 滚珠轴承6. 涡轮7. 航天飞机8. 树木的年轮9. 离心调速器10. 心肌功能V.1. flow2. laws3. law4. conserved5. transferred6. transformed7. bond8. thermodynamics9. work 10. law 11. degraded 12. work13. law 14. state 15. disorder 16. energy17. law 18. biological 19. metabolically 20. cellVI.1.很明显，许多家用电器的加热和照明作用都依靠电阻。
《科技英语阅读》高教版课后答案
Appendix I Reference AnswersUnit 1 MathematicsPart I EST ReadingReading 1Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. Who is Bertrand Russell?Bertrand Arthur William Russell (b.1872 –d.1970) was a British philosopher, logician, essayist and social critic best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), his refining of the predicate calculus introduced by Gottlob Frege (which still forms the basis of most contemporary logic), his defense of neutral monism (the view that the world consists of just one type of substance that is neither exclusively mental nor exclusively physical), and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy, and is regularly credited with being one of the most important logicians of the twentieth century.2. What is Russell’s Paradox?Russell discovered the paradox that bears his name in 1901, while working on his Principles of Mathematics (1903). The paradox arises in connection with the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set, if it exists, will be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself. The paradox is significant since, using classical logic, all sentences are entailed by a contradiction. Russell's discovery thus prompted a large amount of work in logic, set theory, and the philosophy and foundations of mathematics.3. What effect did Russell’s Paradox have on Gottlob Fregg’s system?At first Frege observed that the consequences of Russell‘s paradox are not immediately clear. For example, ―Is it always permissible to speak of the extension of a concept, of a class? And if not, how do we recognize the exceptional cases? Can we always infer from the extension of one concept‘s coinciding with that of a second, that every object wh ich falls under the first concept also falls under the second?Because of these kinds of worries, Frege eventually felt forced to abandon many of his views.4. What is Russell’s response to the paradox?Russell's own response to the paradox came with the development of his theory of types in 1903. It was clear to Russell that some restrictions needed to be placed upon the original comprehension (or abstraction) axiom of naive set theory, the axiom that formalizes the intuition that any coherentcondition may be used to determine a set (or class). Russell's basic idea was that reference to sets such as the set of all sets that are not members of themselves could be avoided by arranging all sentences into a hierarchy, beginning with sentences about individuals at the lowest level, sentences about sets of individuals at the next lowest level, sentences about sets of sets of individuals at the next lowest level, and so on Using a vicious circle principle similar to that adopted by the mathematician Henri Poincaré, and his own so-called "no class" theory of classes, Russell was able to explain why the unrestricted comprehension axiom fails: propositional functions, such as the function "x is a set," may not be applied to themselves since self-application would involve a vicious circle. On Russell's view, all objects for which a given condition (or predicate) holds must be at the same level or of the same "type."5. Have you ever heard of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.? Can you give an account of it?Contradictions like Russell‘s paradox arose from what was later called the unres tricted comprehension principle: the assumption that, for any property p, there is a set that contains all and only those sets that have p. In Zermelo‘s system, the comprehension principle is eliminated in favour of several much more restrictive axioms:a.Axiom of extensionality. If two sets have the same members, then they are identical.b.Axiom of elementary sets. There exists a set with no members: the null, or empty, set. Forany two objects a and b, there exists a set (unit set) having as its only member a, as well as a set having as its only members a and b.c.Axiom of separation. For any well-formed property p and any set S, there is a set, S1,containing all and only the members of S that have this property. That is, already existing sets can be partitioned or separated into parts by well-formed properties.d.Power-set axiom. If S is a set, then there exists a set, S1, that contains all and only thesubsets of S.e.Union axiom. If S is a set (of sets), then there is a set containing all and only the membersof the sets contained in S.f.Axiom of choice. If S is a nonempty set containing sets no two of which have commonmembers, then there exists a set that contains exactly one member from each member of S.g.Axiom of infinity. There exists at least one set that contains an infinite number ofmembers.With the exception of (b), all these axioms allow new sets to be constructed from already-constructed sets by carefully constrained operations; the method embodies what has come to be known as the ―iterative‖ conception of a set.Section C Post-reading TaskReading Comprehension1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Para. 1): Brief introduction to Russell‘s paradoxPart 2 (Paras. 2-5): The effect of Russell‘s paradox on Gottlob Frege‘s system.Para. 2: Russell‘s paradox dealt a heavy blow to Frege‘s attempts to develop a foundation for all of mathematics using symbolic logic.Para. 3: An illustration of Russell‘s paradox in terms of setsPara. 4: Contradiction found in the set.Para. 5: Frege noticed the devastating effect of Russell‘s paradox on his system and inability to solve it.Part 3 (Paras. 6-8): Solutions offered by mathematicians to Russel‘s paradoxPara. 6: Russell‘s own response to the paradox with his "theory of types."Para. 7: Zermelo's solution to Russell's paradoxPara. 8: What became of the effort to develop a logical foundation for all of mathematics?Part 4 (Para. 9): Correspondence between Russell and Frege on the paradox2. Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1)What is the basic idea of Russell‘s paradox?2)How to explain Russell‘s paradox in terms of sets?3)Can you explain the contradiction found in the sets related to Russell‘s paradox4)Is Russell‘s own response to the paradox workable?5)Do you know Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory?(open)3. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the words you’ve learned in the text.Russell's own response to the paradox came with the development of his theory of types in 1903. It was clear to Russell that some restrictions needed to be placed upon the original comprehension (or abstraction) axiom of naive set theory, the axiom that formalizes the intuition that any coherent condition may be used to determine a set (or class). Russell's basic idea was that reference to sets such as the set of all sets that are not members of themselves could be avoided by arranging all sentences into a hierarchy, beginning with sentences about individuals at the lowest level, sentences about sets of individuals at the next lowest level, sentences about sets of sets of individuals at the next lowest level, and so on. Using a vicious circle principle similar to that adopted by the mathematician Henri Poincaré, and his own so-called "no class" theory of classes, Russell was able to explain why the unrestricted comprehension axiom fails: propositional functions, such as the function "x is a set," may not be applied to themselves since self-application would involve a vicious circle. On Russell's view, all objects for which a given condition (or predicate) holds must be at the same level or of the same "type".Vocabulary and Structure1. Directions: Give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. Then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. Use each word once.1) The math may not have been new, but Duchin enjoyed the process of discovery, and she gotto work collaboratively with half a dozen other math whizzes.2) Packages can be sealed and can contain personal correspondence if it relates to the contentsof the package.3) New research indicates that the brain region may prefer symbolic notation to other numericrepresentations.4) To do this, an ideal model based on the equality paradigm was constructed and thencompared with a neutral model reflecting the further education system as it existed before the Act took effect.5) Is this not in flagrant contradiction to Einstein's rule that signals do not travel faster than thevelocity of light?6) Sequential organization has the major advantage that the records are stored in a logicalorder, presumably that sequence to which the records are normally required for printing and for soft copy reports.7) The mathematical description of a zero-sum two-person game is not difficult to construct,and determining the optimal strategies and the value of the game is computationally straightforward.8) The proof we now know required the development of an entire field of mathematics thatwas unknown in Fermat's time.9) Williams adds that many cou rses in geometry, ―the one high school class that demandsformal reasoning,‖ have already been ―gutted‖ and are no longer proof-based.10)The concept of total aircraft ownership will become increasingly important should thetraditional trade structure be unable to cover the expanse of technologies economically.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.1)The key to unraveling such apparent paradoxes is to characterize the initial set ofpossibilities ("initial" meaning before you receive any extra information) and then to eliminate possibilities based on that extra information.2)Indeed, this separation of meaning is reflected by the definition of"weak" in the OALD,with a distinct sense reserved for its use when pertaining to that of solutions.3)The resulting radical pollution control programme outlined by Nixon, calling for a 90 percent reduction in vehicle emissions by 1980, not only led to him being credited (albeitbriefly) as policy initiator of an environmental clean-up but also provided him with the chance to deal a blow to one of his most important opponents in the 1972 elections, Edmund Muskie.4)While most of us are used to representing physical objects in the terms of one, two, or threedimensions (or four, if one considers time ) , Mandelbrot came up with a wayof representing another ―dimension‖ of an object —that is, its degree of roughness andirregularity.5)In this work he was led to topology, a still new kind of mathematics related to geometry,and to the study of shapes (compact manifolds) of all dimensions.6)If there is no allowable string which spans the whole graph, then we can search in the sameway as described above, but wherever the required path does not exist in the tree, check if that position in the tree is flagged for end-of-word.7)During the past century, steps forward in physics have often come in the form of newlyfound particles; in engineering, more complex devices; in astronomy, farther planets and stars; in biology, rarer genes; and in chemistry, more useful materials and medications.8)A second reason for measurements is the more theoretical, put by Love as " the discoveryof numerical relations between the quantities that can be measured to serve as a basis for the inductive determination of the form of the intrinsic energy function. "9)Thus the optimum conditions for coastal terrace development would seem to be areas withsmall tidal ranges. Finally, tidal range is an important factor in the generation of tidal currents which may locally become of geomorphological importance.10)The original double entrance doors to the booking hall had been replaced by an utterlyincongruous picture window as had adjacent booking hall and waiting room windows.3. Directions: Reorder the disordered parts of a sentence to make a complete sentence.1)A simple way to describe topology is as a 'rubber sheet geometry' - topologists study thoseproperties of shapes that remain the same when the shapes are stretched or compressed.2)Since the mid-1990s scientists have floated the idea that representations of numericquantities, whether expressed as digits or as written words, are codified by the parietal cortex, a higher-processing region in the brain located just above the forehead.3)As activity was monitored, located just above the forehead ,researchers noted changesunder the assumption that the brain reduces activity as it becomes accustomed to a stimulus and then reactivates when a novel stimulus is presented.4)That has not stopped physicists from devising new algorithms for the devices, which cancalculate a lot faster than ordinary computers—in fact, exponentially faster, in quite a literal sense.5)Such a device would be made of metamaterial, a thicket of metal rings or other shapes thatbends light in funny ways.4. Directions: Change the following sentences into nominalized ones.1)The passage of night could be marked by the appearance of 18 of these stars.2)The full proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is contained in these two papers.3)The concept of fixed-length hours, however, did not originate until the Hellenistic period.4)There is a probability that my first sock is red because only one of the remaining threesocks is red.5)The importance of accurate data in quantitative modeling is central to using Bayes'stheorem to calculate the probability of the existence of God.Discourse UnderstandingDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.1. C.2. E.3. G.4. A.5. F.Reading 2Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. Who discovered the Mandelbrot set?This is not a trick question, not easy to answer. Many people including Mandelbrot have laid claim to the discovery.2. Why was the set named after Benoit B. Mandelbrot?. The set is named after Benoit B. Mandelbrot, a mathematician at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center because He coined the term fractal to describe phenomena (such as coastlines, snowflakes, mountains and trees) whose patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales.3. Why has there been so much controversy about who discovered the Mandelbrot set?Mandelbrot claims that he and he alone discovered the Mandelbrot set, but there are other mathematicians who have challenged his claim.4. What did the challengers say about Mandelbrot’s claim of discovery?Two mathematicians said that they independently discovered and described the set at about the same time as Mandelbrot did. And another mathematician also asserted that his work on the set not only predated Mandelbrot's efforts but also helped to guide them5. Why di d some professors support Mandelbrot’s claim?Mandelbrot deserves to have the set named after him, because his efforts brought the set to the attention of both the public and of the pure-mathematics community.Section C Post-reading TaskReading and Understanding1. Choose the best summary of the passage.C2. Complete the sentences based on the text.1)The term Mandelbrot set is used to refer both to a general class of fractal sets and to aparticular instance of such a set.2)In general, a Mandelbrot set marks the set of points in the complex plane such that thecorresponding Julia set is connected and not computable.3)The Mandelbrot set is the set obtained from the quadratic recurrence equationz_(n+1)=z_n^2+c with z_0=c, where points in the complex plane for which the orbit of z_n does not tend to infinity are in the set.4)Setting z_0equal to any point in the set that is not a periodic point gives the same result.5)The Mandelbrot set was originally called a molecule by Mandelbrot. J. Hubbard and A.Douady proved that the Mandelbrot set is connected.Language in Use1.Match the Chinese in the left column with the English in the right column.2. Join the following short sentences into longer ones.1)In addition to coining the term "fractal" to describe objects and surfaces which are irregularat various dimensions of scale, he also introduced such concepts as "fractal dimensions"and the particular fractal known as the Mandelbrot set, frequently represented with the mathematical formula z → z2 + c.2)It appeared that things were settling into a pleasant and fruitful routine, with his schoollessons supplemented by long talks with his uncle about classical analysis, the iterative work of Pierre Fatou and the equally fascinating Julia Sets generated by Gaston Julia.3)Just as the youthful Mandelbrot had passed his college entrance exams by translatingalgebraic problems into geometrical problems, and solving them by intuitively deducing the "perfected" shape, he here realized there was something deeper, something mathematical, behind these strange patterns.4)But the beauty in Mandelbrot's models was not that they generated a deceitful randomness,but that they could generate graphed data whose visual pattern accurately mimicked the visual patterns created by real phenomena。
科技英语综合教程习题答案
Key to Ex on P144-148 + 153 (Unit 5) IV. Multiple Choice 1-5: DBDCB 6-10: BCBDD V. Blank Filling 1. multimedia 2. revolutionize 3. access 4. streaming 5. device 6. instantaneous 7. connected 8. model 9. operators 10. facilities VI. Cloze 1-5: BABDB 6-10: CBDAC 11-15: DBADB 16-20: ABDAC
B. (P117, Unit 4) 1. VoD (video on demand) 2. bandwidth-on-demand 3. seamless mobility 4. real-time videoconference 5. dual-band, dual-mode 6. dedicated path 7. daisy chain routing 8. TDM (time division multiplex) 9. FTTH (fiber to the house) 10. FTTP (fiber to the premise)
Key to Ex on P208-212 +218 (Unit 7) IV. Multiple Choice 1-5: BBCAA 6-10: ACBCA V. Blank Filling 1. pressing 2. accelerate 3. reliability 4. additional 5. valid 6. location 7. precise 8. deployment 9. upgrades 10. coordination VII. Cloze 1-5: ACAAB 6-10: ADBCD 11-15: CDACD 16-20: DCBBA
科技英语课后题答案
第一单元Text AEx. 31. A2. C3. D4. A5. B6. A7. A8. B9. B 10. D Ex. 41. organic2. originate3. decompose4. rearrangement5. overlain6. prospector7. inflammable8. substantial9. complication 10. consumption Ex. 51. C2. A3. A4. D5. B6. C7. A8. C9. C 10. D 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D Ex. 61.sedimentary rocks2. petroleum reserves3. internal combustion engines4. the boiling point5. fatty substance6.少量7. 源自8. 易燃蒸汽9.地质结构10. 在……领土Ex. 81.As is known to all, water consists of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.2. The myriads of living creatures beneath the sea form the colorful underground world.3. It is impossible to be dependent on import to develop our national economy.4. Fuel derived from municipal waste can not only generate electricity but also provide heat.5. Whatever obstacles we might meet, we will carry through this experiment.Text BEx. 11. F2. T3. T4. F5. TEx. 21. initiative2. convert3. conventional4. subtract5. withstand6. residential7. option8. renewable9. regulate 10. generateEx. 41.尽管可再生能源通常比传统能源更昂贵，但是替代能源有助于减少污染、保护矿物燃料。
《科技英语》课后习题答案
MainContent:UNIT1MATHEMATICSI.TextOrganizationParts ParagraphsMainIdeasPartOne Paras.1-3 Gametheorycanbedefinedasthescienceofstrategywhichstudiesbothpureconflicts(zero-sumgames)andconflictsincooperativeforms.PartTwo Paras.4-11 Therearetwodistincttypesofstrategicinterdep endence:sequential-movegameandsimultaneous-movegame.PartThre e Paras.12-19Thetypicalexamplesofgametheoryaregivenasthebasicprinciplessuchasprisoners’dilemma,mixingmoves,strategicmoves,bargaining,concealingandrevealinginformation.PartFour Para.20 Theresearchofgametheoryhassucceededinillustratingstrategiesinsituationsofconflictandcooperationanditwillfocusonthedesignofsuccessfulstrategyinfuture.nguagePointsThegamesitstudiesrangefromchesstochildrearingandfromtennistotak eovers.(Para.1)Paraphrase:Thegamesit(gametheory)studiesextendsfromchesstochild bringing-upandfromtennistohandovers.range:v.tovarybetweenlimits,extend,runinalinee.g.(1)Thepricerangesfrom$30to$80.(2)Theboundaryrangesfromnorth tosouth.takeover:n.theactoraninstanceofassumingcontrolormanagementoforr esponsibilityforsth.接收、接管e.g.TheeconomyofHongkonggoeswellafteritstakeover. GametheorywaspioneeredbyPrincetonmathematicianJohnvonNeumann.(P ara.2)pioneer:v.tobeapioneer;tooriginate(courseofactionetc.,followedl aterbyothers)e.g.Thenewtreatmentforcancerwaspioneeredbytheexpertsofstatehosp ital.pioneer:n.originalinvestigatorofsubjectorexplorerorsettler;init iatorofenterprisee.g.Theyounggenerationwasgreatlymotivatedbythepioneers’exploit s.Thatis,theparticipantsweresupposedtochooseandimplementtheiracti onsjointly.(Para.2)Paraphrase:Thatis,theplayerswereexpectedtoselectandcarryoutthei ractionstogether. …hemustanticipateandovercomeresistancetohisplans.(Para.3) anticipate:v.1)toexpectorrealizebeforehand;toforeseee.g.Theexpertsareanticipatingthenegativeeffectsofairpollution. anticipate:v.2)todealwithorusebeforepropertime预支e.g.Tedwasnotusedtosavingmonthlyandhewouldalwaysanticipatehisin come. Theessenceofagameistheinterdependenceofplayerstrategies.(Para.4 )Paraphrase:Thekeyprincipalofagameisthatplayerstrategiesaredepen dentoneachother.essence:n.1)thequalitywhichmakesathingwhatitis;theinnernatureor mostimportantqualityofathinge.g.Thetwothingsarethesameinoutwardformbutdifferentinessence. essence:n.2)extractobtainedfromasubstancebytakingoutasmuchofthe massaspossiblekessence;essenceofpeppermint(椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) interdependence:n.thequalityorfactofdependingoneachotherinter-为前缀，意为betweeneachother,类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview等。
科技英语答案和译文
科技英语答案和译文Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processV1. 除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。
2. 设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。
科技英语课后练习答案
Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processUnit 3Part 2 Reading AⅠ Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.T8.T9.F 10.FⅡGive brief answers to the following questions.1. Nissan will unveil a new city car ,the pixo and a battery-electric concept car2. Pixo is available with manual or automatic transmissions.3. Sales start from late spring 2009.4. The NuVu battery pack uses new laminated lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 140 wh/kg .5.There are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow.Ⅲ Match the items listed in the following two columns.1-5 j f d c g6-10 e I h b aⅣ Translate the following expressions.1.手动或自动挡2.内部设计3.薄板锂离子电池4.太阳能电池板5.头尾灯6 concept car7. Horse power8. test bed9. battery pack10. turning circleⅤTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu，预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
科技英语课后习题答案
科技英语课后习题答案 Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】Main Content: UNIT 1 MATHEMATICS I.Text Organizationnguage PointsIII.Background InformationIV.Skills for ReadingV.Skills for TranslationVI.Translation PracticeMain Content : UNIT 2 MEDICINEText A “Making a Little Progress ”科技英语阅读方法 “复合词”科技英语翻译技巧 “科技术语”Step :I. Text Organization Parts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Para. 1 The government decided to take an initiative tofight against cancer by means ofnanotechnology.Part Two Para. 2 Nanotechnology holds promise for cancertreatment on account of two main reasons: sizeand function.Part Three Paras. 3-8 Two kinds of nanoparticles —nanocrystals ofiron oxide and quantum dots —have been used forcancer detection in tests on mice.Part Four Paras. 9-18 Three kinds of nanoparticles —dendrimers,carbon nanotubes and liposomes —have been usedin tests for cancer killing.Part Five Paras. 19-21 In spite of great progress in cancernanotechnology, there are still many problemsto solve.II. Language Points5) long-run loss6) tit-for-tat strategy7) mixing one ’s moves8) hit a passing shot cross-court or down the line9) monopoly market10) equilibrium sharesIII.Background InformationIV.Skills for ReadingV.Skills for TranslationVI.Translation PracticeMain Content: UNIT 3 GENETIC ENGINEERINGText A “Ready or Not? Human ES Cells Head Towardthe Clinic”科技英语阅读方法“缩微词”科技英语翻译技巧“词的转译、增译和省译”Step:I.Text OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras. 1-6Although hES cells hold promise for the clinic,they still carry some risks in practice thatdiscourage most groups from clinical trialsexcept one company-Geron.Part Two Paras. 7-12Keirstead and his colleagues have chosen spinal cord injuries as the first trial and carried out several experiments with the main purpose to indicate that the treatment can be safe.Part Three Paras. 13-22Some potential problems may turn up with theclinical trials, such as improperdifferentiation, tumor formation, animalcontamination and new mutations in culture.Part Four Paras. 23-26There is still a long way to go before cell therapies come onto the stage.nguage PointsBut several hurdles remain. (Introductory Remarks)hurdle: n. obstacle or difficultye.g. (1) Persuading investors is the biggest hurdle we face. (2) The final hurdles have been removed.… pleaded with his colleagues to vote with him. (Para.1)plead with: to ask for; to bege.g. He pleaded with her to stay, but she refused.But these same traits also increase the risk … (Para.4)trait: n. characteristice.g. (1) Generosity is one of his personality traits. (2) It’s a genetic trait that causes her deafness at an early age.… ending up in the wrong place … (Para.4)III.Background InformationIV.Skills for ReadingV.Skills for TranslationVI.Translation PracticeMain Content: UNIT 4 TELECOMMUNICATIONSText A “10 Hottest Telecom Technologies of theYear”科技英语阅读方法“拼缀词”科技英语翻译技巧“形容词和副词的比较级”Step:I.Text OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3The industry is thinking technology again andit’s time to check out 10 hottest technologiesfor the year.Part Two Paras. 4-8PacketCable Multimedia sets cable operators’offerings apart from a basic telephony servicefrom an ILEC.Part Three Paras. 9-12Wi-Fi roaming technology allows wireless userto wander from a narrowband cellular networkonto a broadband Wi-Fi network without changinghandsets.Part Four Paras. 13-16Meshed networks provide city- or metro- wide broadband wireless coverage without requiring wired backhauls.Part Five Paras. 17-19With the advent of hosted VoIP telephony, users will be able to manage all their calling features over a web-based interface and gain access to productivity-enhancing applications.Part Six Paras. 20-23Active Ethernet is offered as an alternative to PON and it leverages the best of Ethernet and5) differentiation6) a benign tumor7) sugar molecule8) immune system9) mutationnguage PointsIII.Background InformationIV.Skills for ReadingV.Skills for TranslationVI.Translation Practice形容词和副词的比较级1.Exercises for Practicing the Skills1)竞争中缺乏耐心的一方只能分得较小的一部分。
科技英语入门课后答案
Unit One Mathematics and Physics• 2. Fill in the blanks according to the above passages.•(1) agricultural; technological•(2) matter; energy•(3) Notations; propositions•(4) deductions; computation•(5) forces•(6) economics; quantities•(7) electromagnetism•(8) sound; transmitted; produced•(9) optics•(10) atom; nucleus; particles• 3. Judge whether the following statements are true or false, and correct the mistakes in the false statements.•(1) false; all•(2) false; three two, and electricity magnetism mechanics•(3) true•(4) false; sound light•(5) true•(6) false; known unknown• 4. Translate the following technological phrases into English or Chinese.•(1) 数学mathematics•(2) 高等代数higher algebra•(3) 微分方程differential equation•(4) 解析几何analytical geometry•(5) 逻辑推理logical deduction•(6) 几何定理geometrical theorem•(7) physical laws 物理定律•(8) the established law 既成定律•(9) the law of conservation of energy 能量守恒定律•(10) Newton’s theory of mechanics 牛顿力学定律• 5. Make sentences using the following phrases.•(1) play a role in•Electricity plays a great role in our daily life.•(2) belong to•These books belong to the library.•(3) deal with•I think we should work out a strategy to deal with this situation.•(4) carry out•It takes much time to carry out a test.Unit Two Computer Software• 2. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given in the list below. Change the wordform where necessary.•(1) Algorithms•(2) whichever•(3) starts by; subproblems•(4) so that•(5) known as•(6) so far•(7) Note that•(8) focuses on• 3. Introduction and translation of specific expressions.•(1) The security of users in the local network of an enterprise is no longer limited to inside firewall, as shown in Fig. 2-1.•(2) As Fig. 2-1 shows, the OSI model is a reference network model provided by the International Standard Organization.Unit Three Computer Networks• 2. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given in the list below. Change the word form where necessary.•(1) transfer•(2) interact•(3) compatibility•(4) configuration•(5) facilitate•(6) In one sense•(7) productive•(8) refers to; protocols•(9) stands for• 3. Match the word or acronym with the definition or in the appropriate blank.•(1) WAN•(2) Gateway•(3) bus topology•(4) Telnet•(5) broadband•(6) HTTP•(7) LAN•(8) UDP•(9) TCP•(10) IP• 4. Introduction and translation of specific expressions.•(1) 物体受热时，分子的平均速度提高。
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科技英语教材第1至4章练习答案参考答案第1章第1节翻译的标准第1节翻译练习11．动力装置是船舶的心脏。
(英语中一词多义的现象很普遍，翻译时要根据上下文判断多义词的准确含义，尤其是在翻译科技英语时，一定要选用恰当的中文词汇。
plant一词含义很多，但在此句中应该是“设备，装置”的意思。
) 2．驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
(该句也存在英语中一词多义的现象。
unit一词含义很多，但在此句中应该是“装置”而不是”单元”的意思。
)第1节翻译练习21．半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多应用中替代电子管。
(不好)半导体器件也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
(较好)2．狭窄的条件就意味着旅客的腿不能自由活动。
(不好)空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
(较好)3．所有物体被知道具有重量并占据空间。
(不好)我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
(较好)第1节翻译练习31．从水中把矿物质去除被叫做软化。
(欠佳)去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
(简洁)2．属于双子叶的植物的典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
(欠佳) 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
(简洁)第4节翻译的一般方法第4节翻译练习11．爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一的理论。
(直译)2．这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属，硅酸盐和水构成。
(意译)3．设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。
(意译)4．要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。
(意译)第4节翻译练习21．植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。
(合译)2．医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。
(分译)3．太阳的大小看起来有变化．这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。
(分译) 4．这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1，000公里，小的不到1公里。
(分译) 5．制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。
前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。
(分译)第4节翻译练习31.制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。
(增译了动词“研究”)2.人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位紊的混合物。
(增译了代词“人们”) 3．电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位．前者是电流的单位。
(增译了名词“单位”)4.同性电荷相斥、异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。
(省译了连词but)第4节翻译练习41．几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。
2．向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。
3．通过改变晶粒的方位可以改变焊缝的性能。
第二章词的翻译第1节词义的选择第1节翻译练习11．锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。
(介词)2．地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。
(形容词)3．粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。
(名词)4．电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。
5．她腰围40英寸。
(副词)第1节翻译练习21.人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。
2．科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据3．为求一正方形或长方形的面积．你只需将其长度乘以宽4．有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。
5．新发明的纤维在工程和工业上得到越来越广的应用。
6．大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。
7．这种植物生长在近河El的海中。
8．微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。
9．塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。
第1节翻译练习31．low【b】弱阻尼】 1)low damping 【i】低速制动器】 2)Iow brake 【c】下限】 3) low Limit 【e】仰视拍摄】 4)low shot【d】低强度电流】 5)low current 【h】低位】 6)low order【g】慢速存取】 7)low access 【f】低音调键】 8)low key【a】下半轴瓦】 9)low brass2．solid【h】立体角】 1)solid angle 【b】整体轴承】 2)solid bearing 【g】固体】 3)solid body [d]实线] 4)solid line【i】钻头】 5)solid borer 【f】单色】 6)solid color【j】实心曲轴】 7)solid crankshaft 【a】赤金】 8)solid gold 【c】体积】 9)solid measure 【k】固态电路】 10)solid circuit 【m】无气喷射】11)solid injection 【I】润滑脂，固体润滑剂】12)solid lubricant 【e】磁极】 13) solid pole第1节翻译练习4[C] 护床] 1)机械行业[a]船头护船木】 2)造船业[g]护墙，挡板] 3)建筑业[f] 冰川前的沙砾层] 4]地质：[e](皮带)运输机】 5)运输业：[b]停机坪】 6)航空业[d](炮的)口罩．伪装天幕】 7)军事：第2节词义的引申第2节翻译练习11．滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。
(技术性引申)2．通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。
(技术性引申)3．大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。
(修辞性引申)4．随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放出来。
(修辞性引申)5．元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。
(具体化引申)6．两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。
(具体化引申)7．正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。
(具体化引申)8．居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。
(具体化引申)9．显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。
(抽象化引申)10．目前．煤是火电厂最常用的能源。
(抽象化引申)11．这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。
(抽象化引申)第3节词类的转第3节翻译练习11．每次取一个标本测定颜色。
(动词派生的名词determination 转译为动词)2．可以肯定．这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。
(形容词certain转译为动词)3．我们应该熟悉各种(计量)单位制。
(形容词familiar转译为动词) 4．这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。
(形容词applicable转译为动词)5．常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。
(副词instead转译成动词)6．第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。
(副词over转译成动词)7．已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。
(介词against转译成动词)8．一旦进入烘干炉．板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。
(介词转译为动词)9．价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。
(动词define转译为名词)10．这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。
(动词appeal转译为名词)11．伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。
(代词them转译为名词)12．有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只乌；有时科学家观察某一事件．即在一特定时间所发生的事。
(代词he转译为名词)13．地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。
(形容词destructive转译为名词)14．应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。
(形容词localized转译为名词)15．一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。
(副词throughIy 转译为名词)16．氢氧化钙用于需要氢氧根离子的许多场合。
(关系副词where转译为名词)17．这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。
(关系代词why转译为名词)第3节翻译练习21.几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。
《副词strongly转译为形容词》2.这种金属有良好的铸造性能。
(副词well转译为形容词)3.传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。
(介词round转译为形容词)4.有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。
(介词about转译为形容词)5.润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。
(形容词good转译为副词)6.安全在电厂是非常重要的。
(形容词great转译为副词)7.现代发报机大多采用固体电路。
(形容词most转译为副词)8.《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。
(形容词main转译为副词)9. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。
(动词tend转译为副词)10.直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。
(动词remain转译为副词)11.由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏．所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。
(名词possibility转译为副词)第4节词的增译第4节翻译练习11．一种切实可行的办法是在振荡器与负载之间加入“缓冲”放大级。
(名词practice后增译名词“办法”)2．这一作用从外表上看来像电容器的放电现象。
(名词discharge 后增译名词”现象”) 3．一旦离开了地球的引力范围，宇航员又遇到了另一个问题——失重(名词gravity后增译名词“范围”)4．科学家们正通过最大限度地减少微观缺陷来制造强度高得多的陶瓷。
(形容词stronger 前增译名词“强度”)5．和普通电池相比，原子电池体积小，重量轻。
(形容词small和light前分别增译名词“体积”和“重量”)6．晶体管能使原先体积大的设备变得小得多。
(形容词large前增译名词“体积”)7. 天文学家有证据表明，还有其他一些恒星也可能有黑洞作为伴星。
8.开发新材料的关键在于研究人员不断提高在分子一级商处理物质的能力。
9.最大最贵的产品，因为体积大，在工厂里无法检验。
10.冷轧可使操作工生产出精度高、均匀度好的的轧制件，并具有更好的表面光洁度。
11. 在拟定模型时，所有这些因素都将起到关键性的作用。
12.个人电脑一般并不太稳定，所以进行视频编辑时需要加倍小心。
13.这种方法使人们很容易识别各种不同的构成成分。
第4节翻译练习 21.据估计，一匹普通马的功率等于500英尺磅力／秒。
(增译量词“匹”)2.补块比原板的厚度大一号。
(增译量词“号”)3.众多研究表明，以图形表示的信息被人们接受的速度比以文字表示的快许多倍。
(增译表示名词复数的词”众多”)4.在电视中，图像可分解为许多像素。
(增译表示名词复数的词“许多”)5.药剂师正对毒性进行分析。
(增译时态词”正”)6.看来．建造水坝对这一地区的生态已经有相当大的影响。
(增译时态词“已经”)7.无论发生什么情况，这台接收机都将会可靠地工作。
(增译时态词“将会”)8.辐射能．电能和化学能这三种能均可转变为热能。
(增译概括性的词”这三种”)9.频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。