法律英语常见句型(Any person who does)

法律英语常用句型的翻译
ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL… 的翻译
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
在各国法律中，尤其是各地的刑法中， any person who does… shall be guilty of an offence这种句式重复率相 当高，因为法律的主要功能是界定何种行 为属于违法、犯罪行为以及应受到怎样的 处罚，而这个句型是其中一个最简明、直 接的表达方式。在句法上，这个句型通常 会把主语和谓语用逗号分开，中间加插一 个定语修饰词。以下是典型的例句及其若 干变化形式：
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
Ex 7: Article 115. Whoever sets fire, breaches dikes, causes explosions, and spreads poison, employs other dangerous means that lead to serious injuries or death; or causes public or private property major losses is to be sentenced to not l百度文库ss than 10 years of fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment, or death.
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
答复依据第（1）款发出的通知时，故意 做虚假陈述的，即属于犯罪，判处 $20,000罚金，并处一年监禁。
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
Ex 5: A person shall not, by reason only of his being an executor of a will, be incompetent to be admitted a witness to prove the execution of such will, or a witness to prove the validity or invalidity thereof. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap. 30, Wills Ordinance, Art. 12)
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Any person who does…shall…
Whoever commits the crimes in the preceding paragraph negligently is to be sentenced to not less than three years to not more than seven years of fixed-term imprisonment; or not more than three years of fixed-term imprisonment, or criminal detention, when circumstances are relatively minor.
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
任何人，不因其为遗嘱执行人，而被认定 为无权证明遗嘱的订立，或无权证明遗嘱 的有效性。
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
Ex 6: At the hearing of a complaint or information, a party may be represented by counsel; and an absent party so represented shall be deemed not to be absent. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap. 227, Magistrates Ordinance, Art. 18)
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
违反依据第1款做出的裁定的，即构成犯 罪，可处罚金$50,000，并处12个月监 禁。
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
该句型标准的谓语动词是shall+do，但也 可使用与第三人称配合的动词现在式，如 在例3中用commits an offence或is liable to a fine of…这种句型还有若干 种变化，如主语改为every person或a person。但汉语中的译文不变，可一概译 为“任何人”。例如：
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
Ex 1: Any person who, without lawful authorities or reasonable excuse, while having dealings of any kind with any other public body, offers any advantage to any public servant employed by that public body, shall be guilty of an offence. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap. 201, Prevention of Bribery Ordinance, Art. 8[1])
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
在诉讼或告发案审理中，任何一方可由律 师代理；本人未出庭但由律师代理的一方 不应认为缺席。
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
如上所示：该句式，无论是以any person/party开头，还是以every person/party, a person/a party开头，都可 译成“任何人/任何一方”、“……的”。在香 港中文版刑事条例中，最典型的翻译句式（因为 香港的绝大部分法律条文是先有英文再有中文的） 是“任何人做某事，即属犯罪”，而不管这两句 中间加插多少其他条件。最典型的句子是“any person who does…, shall be guilty of an offence/commit a offence.”而在大陆，把相 同概念翻译成英文时，其表述稍有不同。较典型 的句式如《中华人民共和国刑法》的英译版所示：
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
Ex 4: A person who is willfully makes any false statement in answer to a notice under subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to a fine of $20,000 and to imprisonment for 1 year. (Laws of Hong Kong, Cap. 201, Prevention of Bribery Ordinance, Art. 14[5])
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
判处本法令之罪名的，由于此判决，自判 决之日起10年内丧失以下资格…。
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
Ex 3: Any person in respect of whom an order under subsection (1) has been made who contravenes the order commits an offense and is liable to a fine of $50,000 and to imprisonment for 12 months. (ibid. Art. 33A[5])
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
与其他公共机构进行任何交往时，没有合 法授权、没有合理理由，即向受雇于该公 共机构的公务员提供任何利益的，属于犯 罪。
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ANY PERSON WHO DOES… SHALL…
Ex 2: Any person convicted of an offence under this Ordinance shall, by reason of such conviction, be disqualified for a period of 10 years from the date of such conviction from…(ibid. Art. 33)
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例7. 第一百一十五条 放火、决水、爆炸、 投毒或者以其他危险方法致人重伤、死亡 或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的，处十年 以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。 过失犯前款罪的，处三年以上七年以下有 期徒刑；情节较轻的，处三年以下有期徒 刑或者拘役。