考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练三十九
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020022903
The fight between people and pachyderms is growing ever more intense人象冲突，愈演愈烈As tropical dusk turns to night outside Galgamuwa,fireflies are not the only points of light around Lalith’s little rice paddy,the last field in the valley waiting to be harvested.当地处热带的加尔加穆瓦郊外从黄昏进入黑夜时，拉利斯的小片稻田（山谷中最后一片待收割的稻田）周围并不只有萤火虫闪烁着亮光。
On one side,bonfires are blazing in neighbours’fields.On the other, Lalith’s nephew is shining a torch out of one of the impressive tree houses that dot this part of the country.And in the middle of his paddy,seated around embers that are boiling a kettle,Lalith and friends are playing a furious card game that resembles whist.一边是邻近田地里熊熊燃烧的篝火。
另一边，拉利斯的侄子点燃了一个火把从树屋里走了出来，遍布该国这一地区的树屋让人印象深刻。
拉利斯和他的朋友们正围坐在稻田中央烧开水的篝火旁，玩着一种类似惠斯特的激烈的纸牌游戏。
Two dozen men are helping in all:this is Lalith’s watch against elephants emerging from the forest at night.Growing rice is like laying out dinner.A herd of cows and their calves can snaffle a year’s livelihood in a matter of minutes.前来帮忙的共计24人：这里是拉利斯为了防范夜晚从森林来袭的大象而设立的岗哨。
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020082202
Cloth of gold一块价值堪比黄金的布Why the economic value of a face mask is$56.14为什么说一个口罩的经济价值是56.14美元After a brutal first six months of the year,governments across the world are hoping for an economic bounce-back.Rich-world GDP fell by about 10%in the first half of2020.在经历今年上半年的残酷考验后，世界各国政府都期待经济能够触底反弹。
2020年上半年，发达国家的GDP下降了约10%。
Yet much has changed since—including that more people are now wearing masks.Economists,obsessed with translating everything into GDP,wonder if more widespread face-covering could help the recovery.然而，自从越来越多的人戴上口罩后，情况发生了显著变化。
经济学家痴迷于用GDP来解释一切事物，如今他们想知道，随着更多的人戴上了口罩，经济能否走向复苏。
The thinking goes that masks can,in part,substitute for lockdowns. People wearing them need not be discouraged as much from using public transport.More shops and offices might be able to reopen,albeit while practising social distancing.这种想法基于这样一个逻辑，戴口罩在一定程度上可以代替封锁措施。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Diageo last week took a majority stake in Seedlip, a non-alcoholic spirit sold as an alternative to gin — a move seen by analysts as the drinks giant’s attempt to grab more of the growing teetotal market. The young are more abstemious than their elders, and manufacturers and marketers need to keep up.帝亚吉欧(Diageo)不久前收购了Seedlip的多数股权，这是一种被作为金酒替代品出售的无酒精型烈酒——市场分析师们将此举解读为酒业巨头试图在日益扩张的无酒精饮料市场中分一杯羹。
年轻一代相对于他们的长辈在饮酒方面更加节制，酒类生产商和营销机构必须跟上这种趋势。
For those of us who don’t drink or, in my case, only occasionally, a reduction in others’ drinking, along with a fall in the antisocial consequences, is a welcome development. At a wedding in Italy this summer, I marvelled as a group of Italian and French guests partied under a hot afternoon sun and late into the night, without anyone staggering or slurring in the way they would inevitably have done in the UK.对于我们当中那些不喝酒——或者以我自己为例——仅偶尔喝一杯的人来说，他人饮酒量的下降，以及与之相随的危害社会公共利益问题的减少，是一种令人愉快的新变化。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
The Guardian view on unaffordable homes: building injustice into the economy《卫报》关于难以负担的住房的观点：在经济中制造不公The average wage of the top 1% in Britain rose to £13,770 a month in December. Jeevun Sandher, an economist at King’s College London, points out the very richest saw their incomes rise the fastest during the pandemic. This group were also likely to have been able to save the most while Covid raged. Where do the very wealthiest spend their cash? One place is housing, for which there is a low level of stock being released on to the market. The result is rising house prices. Over the past 12 months, asking prices have gone up by 9.5%.12月，英国最富有的1%人群的平均工资上升至每月13770英镑。
伦敦国王学院的经济学家桑德尔指出，在疫情期间，最富有的人的收入增长最快。
在新冠病毒肆虐期间，这一群体也可能是能够存最多钱的人。
最富有的人把钱花在哪里？其中一个地方就是住房，因为住房市场上的存量很低。
结果就是房价上涨。
在过去12个月里，住房要价上涨了9.5%。
This has a knock-on effect for renters. UK rents rose by 8.3% in the last three months of 2021. For would-be first-time buyers, the situation is as bad if not worse, with the current average price of £277,000 nearly £25,000 higher than just a year ago. Those looking to have a roof to live under will find little solace in official figures. These record an 11% drop in the number of total homes added in 2021 compared with the year before. The number of new affordable houses that began being built dropped 16% year-on-year. Shortages of labour and materials, as well as planning delays, will make it harder for the 11th Tory housing minister since 2010 to meet government targets for new homes.这对租客产生了连锁反应。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
One afternoon in April 2020, I took an old bamboo rod out of my shed and cut it to a length of 115cm. Stood on the ground, it came about halfway up my chest. I laid it on a scrubby patch of our garden on the island of Aegina, in Greece: one end next to a tough-looking dandelion, the other pointed northwards. Then I dug up the dandelion with a trowel and replanted it at the other end of the stick. A small step for humans, but quite the leap for the dandelion.2020年4月的一个下午，我从棚子里拿出一根旧竹竿，把它切成了115厘米的长度。
立在地上，它的长度大概是到我胸部高度的一半。
我把它搁在花园中的一小片灌木丛生的土地上，花园位于希腊的埃吉纳岛（Aegina）上。
竹竿的一端挨着一株看上去很强韧的蒲公英，另一端朝着北方。
随后我用泥铲把蒲公英挖了出来，再把它重新种进竹竿另一端的土里。
对人类来说，这是一小步的距离，但对蒲公英而言却是一次不小的跃进。
This 115cm corresponds to a particular measurement. It is the present average velocity of climate change — how fast the effects of global heating are moving across the surface of the planet — and thus represents the speed we need to move in order for the conditions around us to stay the same. It also implies a direction: the bubble habitats where different forms of life can survive and thrive are moving uphill, and towards the poles.这115厘米所对应的是一个特定的尺寸。
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020082201
Covid-19has made it hard for the Japanese to visit family graves新冠肺炎疫情致使日本人难以前去扫墓But they have found high-tech ways round the problem但他们利用高科技解决了这一问题Every august the spirits of fallen ancestors rise all across Japan.During obon,the living commemorate them with offerings of food at altars, gather for festivals,and perform collective dances known as bon odori.每年八月，日本各地逝者的灵魂便会回到人间。
在盂兰盆节期间，生者会聚集而来参加祭奠活动，在祭坛上为逝者供奉食物，并一同跳起盂兰盆舞。
Many stream back to their home towns to be with family and visit cemeteries to pay respects to their dead.“Graves are a place to talk,”says Yamazaki Masako of Zenyuseki,a tombstone carvers’trade association.许多人会返回家乡与家人团聚，并前去墓地悼念逝去的亲人。
墓碑雕刻行业协会Zenyuseki的山崎雅子说：“墓地是一个可以和逝者交流的地方。
”This year covid-19has upset the routine.Japan’s viral caseload is relatively small,with just1,148total deaths,roughly America’s daily average.But a recent rise in infections,especially in big cities such as Tokyo and Osaka,has spread the jitters.今年，新冠肺炎疫情的爆发打破了常规。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Springtime lethargy – is something entirely natural春困——一种很自然的现象Spring fatigue, also known as spring lethargy, refers to a state of fatigue, lowered energy, or depression, associated with the onset of spring.春困是指一种与春天的到来有关的疲劳、精力下降或抑郁的状态。
Such a state may be caused by a normal reaction to warmer temperatures, or it may have a medical basis, such as allergies or "reverse" seasonal affective disorder. Although the causes of this springtime lethargy have not yet been fully resolved, hormone balance may play a role.这种状态可能是对对气温升高的正常反应，也可能是一种医学上的反应，如过敏或“逆向”季节性情感障碍等。
人们至今尚未完全弄清楚春困发生的原因，但荷尔蒙平衡可能是原因之一。
According to this hypothesis, the body's reserves of the "happiness hormone" serotonin, whose production depends on daylight, become exhausted over the winter, making it especially easy for the "sleep hormone" melatonin to have its effect.根据这一假说，人体储存的“快乐荷尔蒙”血清素（其产生依赖于日光）在冬季会被消耗殆尽，这使得“睡眠荷尔蒙”褪黑激素特别容易发挥作用。
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Covid-19has many faces
新冠病毒的“万千”面孔
Why does the virus have such varied manifestations?
新冠病毒为何有着如此千变万化的临床症状？
According to England’s National Health Service the signs that someone has contracted the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2are a high temperature or a new,continuous cough.This is certainly true for a majority of patients, but it is not so for a sizeable minority.
根据英国国民医疗服务体系的说法，当一个人感染新冠病毒时，他会表现出高烧或持续咳嗽的症状。
对于大多数患者来说，这种说法确实没错，但对于相当数量的少数患者来说，情况却并非如此。
Papers published in recent weeks present the new virus as having many faces.This is in stark contrast to the way in which influenza,another primarily respiratory disease,behaves—and it makes SARS-CoV-2all the more dangerous.It also raises the question of why this virus’s symptoms are so protean.
据最近几周发表的论文显示，这种新病毒有着许多面孔。
它的这一特性与流感（另一种常见的呼吸道疾病）形成了鲜明的对比，同时也使新冠病毒更具危害性。
由此，人们提出了一个疑问，新冠病毒为何有着如此千变万化的临床症状。
For decades,influenza has been referred to as“an unvarying disease caused by a varying virus”because of its tendency to mutate every year and yet still cause the same symptoms of rapid-onset fever,malaise, headaches and coughing.
几十年来，人们一直将流感称为“一种由不同病毒引发的症状相同的疾病”，这是因为流感病毒虽然呈现逐年变异的趋势，但它所引发的临床症状基本相同，例如急性发热、乏力、头痛和咳嗽等。
Indeed,a review of influenza papers published in2018by John Paget of the Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research,showed that even when all of the different influenza types(A or B)and subtypes(H1N1, H3N2,etc)were analysed,there were few differences in the ways they presented clinically.Literature on SARS-CoV-2suggests,by contrast,that this virus is a master of disguise.
的确，荷兰健康服务研究所的约翰·佩吉特在其2018年发表的一篇有关流感的综述论文中指出，即使对所有不同类型（甲型或乙型）和亚型（H1N1、H3N2等）的流感分别进行研究，你也会发现它们在临床表现上没什么差别。
相比之下，据相关文献显示，新冠病毒则是个善于伪装的高手。
For example,Anthony DeBenedet,a doctor at St Joseph Mercy Health System in Michigan,reports in the American Journal of Gastroenterology that in early March,following a trip down the Nile,a71-year-old woman arrived at his emergency department with bloody diarrhoea.
例如，密歇根州圣约瑟夫慈善保健中心的医生安东尼·德贝内特在其发表于《美国胃肠病学杂志》的一篇文章中说道，今年3月初，一名具有尼罗河旅行史、现年71岁的妇女因腹泻便血来到了他所在的急诊科。
She suffered with this condition for five days,while also experiencing abdominal pains and nausea.But her temperature was normal and her breathing good,so covid-19was not suspected.
她的这种症状已经持续了五天，同时还伴有腹痛和恶心。
但由于其体温正常、呼吸状况良好，因此医生并未怀疑她感染了新冠病毒。
Yet when he and his colleagues examined samples of her stools for signs of the sorts of bacterial infections that are likely to be picked up in Egypt, they found none.They also saw no beneficial effects from the antibiotics they were administering.
然而，当德贝内特和他的同事对其粪便样本进行检测，以期寻找可能在埃及感染细菌的蛛丝马迹时，他们最终没有任何发现。
此外，对其使用抗生素治疗也未见任何效果。
They therefore started to wonder whether something else might be going on.It was only on the fourth day of the woman’s stay at the hospital,her ninth day of illness,when she developed a cough,that they tested her for SARS-CoV-2and confirmed the virus’s presence in both her nasal tissues and her stools.
于是，他们开始怀疑另有所因。
直到该妇女住院的第四天（即出现腹泻便血症状的第九天），她开始出现咳嗽的症状，于是医生才对其进行了新冠病毒的检测，最终在她的鼻腔组织和粪便中均发现有新冠病毒。
Dr DeBenedet’s findings are far from unique.Patients brought into hospital with all the symptoms of a heart attack have later been found to be suffering from cardiac inflammation caused by the virus.It has also demonstrated that it can begin as a kidney infection,or even as meningitis, before sometimes going on to cause its characteristic respiratory problems.
德贝内特医生的发现并非个例。
有患者因心脏病发作而被送去医院，但最终确诊为由新冠病毒引发的心肌炎。
此外还有研究表明，新冠病毒感染者在出现具有特征性的呼吸道症状之前，首先会先表现为肾脏感染，甚至是脑膜炎。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)
重难点词汇：
manifestation[ˌmænɪfeˈsteɪʃn]n.表现；症状respiratory[ˈrespərətɔːri]adj.呼吸的
protean[ˈproʊtiən]adj.千变万化的
mutate[ˈmjuːteɪt]v.变化；突变
disguise[dɪsˈɡaɪz]vt.掩饰；假装；隐瞒n.伪装diarrhoea[ˌdaɪəˈriːə]n.腹泻
nausea[ˈnɔːziə]n.恶心；作呕
inflammation[ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃn]n.炎症；发炎。