考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020021502

Youngsters’job preferences and prospects are mismatched

年轻人的工作偏好与就业前景不相匹配

Teenage picks

青少年的选择

The world of work is changing.Are people ready for the new job outlook?

A survey of15-year-olds across41countries by the OECD,a club of mostly rich countries,found that teenagers may have unrealistic expectations about the kind of work that will be available.

职业的世界正在发生变化。人们做好准备接受新的就业观了吗？世界经合组织（一个以发达国家为主的组织）对41个国家的15岁青少年进行了一项调查，结果发现青少年对于未来可能从事的工作抱有不切实际的期望。

Four of the five most popular choices were traditional professional roles: doctors,teachers,business managers and lawyers. Teenagers clustered around the most popular jobs,with the top ten being chosen by47%of boys and53%of girls.Those shares were significantly higher than when the survey was conducted back in2000.

在五个最受欢迎的职业选择中有四个是传统的职业角色：医生、教师、企业经理和律师。青少年对于最受欢迎工作的选择呈现了聚集性，有47％的男孩和53％的女孩选择了排在前十位的职业。这一比例显著高于2000年调查时的水平。

The rationale for this selection was partly down to wishful thinking on the part of those surveyed(designers,actors and musical performers were three of the top15jobs).Youth must be allowed a bit of hope.

受访者做出这一选择往往是出于自己的一厢情愿（最受欢迎的15个职业中有3个分别是设计师、演员和歌手）。我们必须给年轻人一点希望。

When Bartleby was a teenager,his ambitions were to play cricket for England and become prime minister;neither ambition was achieved(a lucky escape for the country on both counts).

在巴特比十几岁时，他的志向是代表英格兰打板球，并成为英国首相；这两个志向都没能实现（当然，这对于英国来说是件好事）。

Furthermore,teenagers can hardly be expected to have an in-depth knowledge of the minutiae of labour-market trends.They will have encountered doctors and teachers in their daily lives.

此外，我们很难指望青少年对于劳动力市场趋势的细枝末节能够有深入的了解。他们在日常生活中会遇到医生和老师。

Other popular professions,such as lawyers and police officers,will be familiar from films and social media.But many people end up in jobs they would not have heard of in their school years.You settle for what is available.

而其他几种受欢迎的职业（例如律师和警察）也能从电影和社交媒体中会了解到。但许多人最终从事的却是他们在学生时代从未听说过的职业。你最终将满足于自己所能从事的职业。

Some parts of the OECD survey are disturbing.Even though top performers in maths or science are evenly matched among males and females,a gender gap persists in terms of aspiration.More boys than girls expect to work in science or engineering—the average gap across the OECD is more than ten percentage points.

世界经合组织调查中的一些发现令人感到担忧。虽然在数学或科学方面，成绩优异的男女生的比例相当。但就职业志向而言，性别差异依旧存在。希望从事科学或工程领域工作的男生多于女生，据世界经合组织估计，两者比例的平均差异超过了10个百分点。The problem continues in higher education;with the exception of biological and biomedical sciences,degrees in STEM subjects(science, technology,engineering and maths)are male-dominated.In America women earn just35.5%of undergraduate STEM degrees and33.7%of PhDs.

这个问题在高等教育中依然存在；除了生物学和生物医学外，理科（科学、技术、工程和数学）学位都是以男生为主。在美国，拿到理科本科学位和博士学位的女性比例分别仅为35.5％和33.7％。

Things are even worse in technology.In Britain only one in five computer-science university students is a woman—a big problem at a time when the World Economic Forum predicts that technology will create more than a quarter of all jobs in newly emerging professions.But women are underrepresented in some important fields of technology;they have only12%of jobs in cloud computing,for example.

在技术领域，情况则更为糟糕。在英国，计算机科学专业的大学生中仅有五分之一是女性，这是一个大问题，因为据世界经济论坛预测，技术将为新兴行业创造超过四分之一的工作岗位。在某些重要的技术领域，女性的比例严重不足。例如，在云计算领域，女性仅占12％。

The biggest problem in the labour market,then,may not be that teenagers are focusing on a few well-known jobs.It could be a mismatch: