考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练五
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020021502
Youngsters’job preferences and prospects are mismatched年轻人的工作偏好与就业前景不相匹配Teenage picks青少年的选择The world of work is changing.Are people ready for the new job outlook?A survey of15-year-olds across41countries by the OECD,a club of mostly rich countries,found that teenagers may have unrealistic expectations about the kind of work that will be available.职业的世界正在发生变化。
人们做好准备接受新的就业观了吗？世界经合组织（一个以发达国家为主的组织）对41个国家的15岁青少年进行了一项调查，结果发现青少年对于未来可能从事的工作抱有不切实际的期望。
Four of the five most popular choices were traditional professional roles: doctors,teachers,business managers and lawyers. Teenagers clustered around the most popular jobs,with the top ten being chosen by47%of boys and53%of girls.Those shares were significantly higher than when the survey was conducted back in2000.在五个最受欢迎的职业选择中有四个是传统的职业角色：医生、教师、企业经理和律师。
青少年对于最受欢迎工作的选择呈现了聚集性，有47％的男孩和53％的女孩选择了排在前十位的职业。
2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一五
As cars ditch fossil fuels,how can governments tax motorists?随着汽车抛弃化石燃料，政府怎么能对驾车者征税呢?Expect more taxes on congestion as levies on fuel yield lower revenues 随着对燃料征收的税收收入减少，预计将对交通拥堵征收更多的税Motoring taxes raise nearly£40bn($49bn)a year,or about5%of Britain’s total tax revenue.Nearly70%of that comes from duty on fuel,levied partly to deter consumers from using too much of the stuff.英国的机动车税收每年增长近400亿英镑（约合490亿美元），约占英国总税收的5%。
其中近70%来自于燃油税，征收燃油税在一定程度上是为了阻止消费者过多地耗费汽油。
Yet as drivers take the hint and switch to electric and hybrid vehicles,the government faces a problem in the form of falling tax revenues. Economists are therefore rethinking how to tax motoring in a low-emissions future.然而，随着司机们接受了这一暗示而转向使用电动汽车和混合动力汽车，政府又面临着税收下降的问题。
因此，经济学家正在重新思考如何在低排放的未来对机动车征税。
On October8th the Institute for Fiscal Studies(IFS),a think-tank,warned that over£33bn could all but disappear as cars become more fuel-efficient or go electric.10月8日，财政研究所（IFS，一家智库）警告称，随着汽车燃油效率的提高以及电动车的普及，超过330亿英镑的税收或将不复存在了。
考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020082202
Cloth of gold一块价值堪比黄金的布Why the economic value of a face mask is$56.14为什么说一个口罩的经济价值是56.14美元After a brutal first six months of the year,governments across the world are hoping for an economic bounce-back.Rich-world GDP fell by about 10%in the first half of2020.在经历今年上半年的残酷考验后，世界各国政府都期待经济能够触底反弹。
2020年上半年，发达国家的GDP下降了约10%。
Yet much has changed since—including that more people are now wearing masks.Economists,obsessed with translating everything into GDP,wonder if more widespread face-covering could help the recovery.然而，自从越来越多的人戴上口罩后，情况发生了显著变化。
经济学家痴迷于用GDP来解释一切事物，如今他们想知道，随着更多的人戴上了口罩，经济能否走向复苏。
The thinking goes that masks can,in part,substitute for lockdowns. People wearing them need not be discouraged as much from using public transport.More shops and offices might be able to reopen,albeit while practising social distancing.这种想法基于这样一个逻辑，戴口罩在一定程度上可以代替封锁措施。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
The Guardian view on plastics: a treaty could stem the tide《卫报》关于塑料的观点：一项条约可以遏制这个趋势There is no data on global plastic pollution that is equivalent to the regular measurements of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere. But as with greenhouse gases, the recent news has been nearly all bad. In 1950, worldwide production of plastics stood at 2m tons per year. In 2020, it was 367m tons (down from 368m the year before due to the coronavirus pandemic). An increase this enormous is hard to visualise. But the 8.8m tons of plastic waste that is estimated to enter the world’s marine environment each year is the equivalent of a rubbish truck filled with plastic being tipped into the sea every minute.关于全球塑料污染，目前还没有与地球大气中二氧化碳的常规测量值相当的数据。
但和温室气体一样，最近的消息几乎都是坏的。
1950年，全球塑料产量达到每年200万吨。
2020年，这一数字为3.67亿吨（由于新冠肺炎疫情，它比前一年的3.68亿吨有所下降）。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
《经济学人》英语热点文章精选8篇(中英文对照
（考研英语阅读原文很多来自《经济学人》，希望大家好好看看)印度的救赎IN MAY America’s Federal Reserve hinted that it would soon start to reduce its vast purchases of Treasury bonds. As global investors adjusted to a world without ultra—cheap money, there has been a great sucking of funds from emerging markets。
Currencies and shares have tumbled, from Brazil to Indonesia, but one country has been particularly badly hit。
今年五月，美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve）暗示，它将很快开始缩减大量购买国债的规模。
随着全球投资者开始调整策略，以适应没有超廉价资金的世界，大量资金开始逃离新兴市场.从巴西到印度尼西亚，货币及股票纷纷暴跌，但有一个国家受创尤其严重.Not so long ago India was celebrated as an economic miracle. In 2008 Manmohan Singh，the prime minister，said growth of 8—9% was India’s new cruising speed. He even predicted the end of the “chronic poverty，ignorance and disease, which has been the fate of millions of our countrymen for centuries”. Today he admits the outlook is difficult. The rupee has tumbled by 13% in three months。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
One afternoon in April 2020, I took an old bamboo rod out of my shed and cut it to a length of 115cm. Stood on the ground, it came about halfway up my chest. I laid it on a scrubby patch of our garden on the island of Aegina, in Greece: one end next to a tough-looking dandelion, the other pointed northwards. Then I dug up the dandelion with a trowel and replanted it at the other end of the stick. A small step for humans, but quite the leap for the dandelion.2020年4月的一个下午，我从棚子里拿出一根旧竹竿，把它切成了115厘米的长度。
立在地上，它的长度大概是到我胸部高度的一半。
我把它搁在花园中的一小片灌木丛生的土地上，花园位于希腊的埃吉纳岛（Aegina）上。
竹竿的一端挨着一株看上去很强韧的蒲公英，另一端朝着北方。
随后我用泥铲把蒲公英挖了出来，再把它重新种进竹竿另一端的土里。
对人类来说，这是一小步的距离，但对蒲公英而言却是一次不小的跃进。
This 115cm corresponds to a particular measurement. It is the present average velocity of climate change — how fast the effects of global heating are moving across the surface of the planet — and thus represents the speed we need to move in order for the conditions around us to stay the same. It also implies a direction: the bubble habitats where different forms of life can survive and thrive are moving uphill, and towards the poles.这115厘米所对应的是一个特定的尺寸。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Springtime lethargy – is something entirely natural春困——一种很自然的现象Spring fatigue, also known as spring lethargy, refers to a state of fatigue, lowered energy, or depression, associated with the onset of spring.春困是指一种与春天的到来有关的疲劳、精力下降或抑郁的状态。
Such a state may be caused by a normal reaction to warmer temperatures, or it may have a medical basis, such as allergies or "reverse" seasonal affective disorder. Although the causes of this springtime lethargy have not yet been fully resolved, hormone balance may play a role.这种状态可能是对对气温升高的正常反应，也可能是一种医学上的反应，如过敏或“逆向”季节性情感障碍等。
人们至今尚未完全弄清楚春困发生的原因，但荷尔蒙平衡可能是原因之一。
According to this hypothesis, the body's reserves of the "happiness hormone" serotonin, whose production depends on daylight, become exhausted over the winter, making it especially easy for the "sleep hormone" melatonin to have its effect.根据这一假说，人体储存的“快乐荷尔蒙”血清素（其产生依赖于日光）在冬季会被消耗殆尽，这使得“睡眠荷尔蒙”褪黑激素特别容易发挥作用。
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The decline of the office romance办公室恋情的穷途末路Fewer romantic relationships will be forged at the water cooler.That is a shame在饮水机旁建立恋爱关系的机会越来越少了，这令人遗憾Their eyes met across the office photocopier.At long last,each of them had found someone who could push their buttons.Eventually,they settled down and decided to reproduce.Read more in“Fifty Sheets of Grey Paper”,out soon in paperback.隔着办公室的打印机，他们四目相对。
终于，每个人都找到了能够触动彼此内心的人。
最后，他们相爱并结婚生子。
更多内容详见即将出版的《五十页灰纸》平装版。
Romance is a long-established side-effect of office life.After all,people may spend almost half their waking hours at work,and their colleagues will frequently have something in common with them,even if it is only complaining about the manager.Some relationships are inevitably bound to result.爱情是办公室生活长期以来存在的副产品。
毕竟，人们将醒着的近一半的时间都花在工作上，并且往往会和同事存在一些共同点，即便只是一起抱怨经理。
有些关系自然而然地就会开花结果。
But the lockdown has made the forming of new romances much more difficult.Although online dating has thrived in the pandemic,the number of people who have met their soulmate via a work Zoom meeting must be vanishingly small.It is hard to flirt while your facial expressions arebeing observed by a dozen colleagues.And how private is company videoconferencing software’s private-chat function,really?但疫情下的封锁使新的办公室恋情更难形成了。
在疫情大流行期间，在线约会得以蓬勃发展，但通过Zoom会议找到灵魂伴侣的人却少得可怜。
当你的面部表情同时被十几个同事看得一清二楚时，你很难和其中一个同事调情。
而且，就算是公司视频会议软件的私人聊天功能，它又能有多私密呢？Even before the pandemic,however,office romances were in decline.In 1995,19%of(heterosexual)people met their partner at work,according to a study by Stanford University.By2017this had fallen to11%.It will be even lower now.As white-collar employees toil more hours at home and fewer at the office—which seems likely even after the virus recedes—opportunities for workplace romantic connections will dwindle.而即便是在疫情大流行之前，办公室恋情也变得越来越少了。
据斯坦福大学的一项研究显示，1995年，19%的异性恋者是在工作中与另一半相识的。
到2017年，这一比例已经下降至11%。
如今可能更低了。
由于白领们在家工作的时间越来越长，而在办公室工作的时间越来越少（即使疫情过后，这种情况可能仍将存在），发展办公室恋情的机会也将越来越小。
One reason for the decline is that companies have realised that work relationships give rise to all kinds of ethical questions.The idea of a boss marrying his secretary(or a doctor dating a nurse)is one of the oldest clichés around.办公室恋情越来越少的一个原因是，公司已经意识到办公室恋情会引发各种道德问题。
最老套的剧情就是老板娶了秘书（或是医生与护士约会）。
Sadly,the trope is so well established that secretaries and nurses have spent decades fending off the unwanted attentions of their superiors.As the#MeToo movement has demonstrated,some men use their positions of power to harass women who work for them.可悲的是，由于这种情节太过深入人心，以至于几十年来秘书和护士一直都在努力避开上级对自己不必要的关注。
正如#MeToo运动所指出的那样，一些男性利用职权之便对下属女性进行骚扰。
Consensual relationships can cause problems as well.A relationship with a subordinate makes it hard for a manager to be objective about their performance.Colleagues may understandably suspect the manager of favouritism.Things may be as bad if the romance breaks down.Hurt feelings may make it hard for the ex-partners to work together and will also make it awkward for everyone else in the office.即便是两厢情愿也会存在一些问题。
一个管理者一旦与下属存在亲密关系，就很难客观地评价下属的工作表现。
其他同事理所当然也会怀疑经理徇私舞弊。
一旦关系破裂，情况也很糟糕。
感情上受到伤害可能会让曾经的恋人很难在一起工作，同时也会让办公室里的其他同事感到尴尬。
The result of this is that many companies have policies that discourage or forbid managers from flings with someone who works for them.Office relationships were blamed for the departure of Steve Easterbrook from his role as chief executive of McDonald’s last year;the fast-food company launched a lawsuit against Mr Easterbrook this week.于是，许多公司都制定了相关政策，不鼓励或禁止经历于下属发展恋情。
去年，史蒂夫·伊斯特布鲁克卸任麦当劳首席执行官一职，许多人认为这正是因办公室恋情所致；本周，麦当劳也将对伊斯特布鲁克提起诉讼。
Some companies ban all office romances outright.Others issue guidelines such as the stipulation that employees should not allow a relationship with a colleague to influence their behaviour at work,and that they should disclose any relationship that might give rise to a conflict of interest. These rules seem perfectly sensible,although they do involve a sacrifice of privacy.有些公司完全禁止办公室恋情。
另一些公司则通过规章制度加以限制，例如规定员工不得因与同事发展恋情而影响其工作行为，并规定员工应对任何可能导致利益冲突的关系予以披露。
尽管这些规则确实以牺牲个人隐私为代价，但也合乎情理。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)重难点词汇：vanishingly[ˈvænɪʃɪŋli]adv.难以察觉地；消遁似地；趋于零地flirt[flɜːrt]v.调情；玩弄dwindle[ˈdwɪndl]v.减少；变小ethical[ˈeθɪkl]adj.伦理的；道德的cliché[kli∫e]n.陈腔滥调fend off v.避开；挡开demonstrate[ˈdemənstreɪt]vt.证明；展示；论证vi.示威subordinate[səˈbɔːrdɪnət]adj.隶属的；次要的n.部属，下属outright[ˈaʊtraɪt]adj.完全的，彻底的。