汉英语言对比Pesentation

汉英语言对比Pesentation

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A presentation for Contrastive Studies of Chinese and English

Teaching term: September 2009 to January 2010

Submission Date: Dec. 9

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Reader 9

Contrastive Discourse in Chinese and English

by

Ron Scollon

Suzannne Wong Scollon

Andy Kirkpatrick

Chapter Four：Information sequence and rhetoric in letters of request Chapter Five：Information sequence and rhetoric in Chinese argument

Chapter Four: Information sequence and rhetoric in letters of request

If we would communicate across cultural barriers, we must learn what to say and how to say it in terms of the expectations of those we want to listen. (Oliver, 1962:154)

在一次中国香港与北美商家开会时，其中一位中方商人这么说：

Because most of our production is done in China now，and uh· it，s not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1997( REASON 1)，and since I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense( REASON 2)，So，I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision( SUGGESTION)．

(1)客观原因：目前我们大部分商品都是在中国大陆完成的，还不确定中国政府会在1997之前将采取

什么样的政策;

(2)主观见解：个人认为考虑到成本的因素，应当谨慎决定电视广告事宜。

提出建议：

等利哥考决定之后，我们再做决定。

But in western way:

I suggest that we delay making our decision until after Legco makes its decision．That’s because I think a certain amount of caution in committing to TV advertisement is necessary because of the expense．In addition to that, most of our production is done in China now，an d it’s not really certain how the government will react in the run-up to 1997．

汉英语篇模式：

汉语的语篇模式：BECAUSE

Y (topic, background or reasons) 英语的语篇模式：

X (comment, main point or action suggested) BECAUSE

1. 基于前两章对汉语口头语信息顺序和修辞结构研究的结论，提出假设：

先因后果的顺序( ‘BECAUSE-THEREFORE’ or ‘frame-main sequence’)同样体现在汉语书面语篇中。

2. 论证

以40封中国观众至澳大利亚广播电台中国栏目组的信件为语料进行分析.

2.1 Information background：

Types of request (12) and items requested (18-1) in the 40 letters; number of requests per letter.

The letter writers [origin(mainland China, 5 from Guangxi); age (majority young); sex (1:1)]

Relative imposition of the requests: light, with only one relatively heavy.

Social distance: less than might be expected. (1. 私人函件关系；2. 听众-主持人关系；3. 同胞关系；4.写信者在预期中可以如愿)

* Personal relationships: 上下有义、贵贱有分、长幼有序、男女有别( hierarchy)

The way a person speaks will always reflect underlying assumptions about the relation of distance and power between himself and his listener. ( Scollon & Scollon, 1983:170)

e.g. (李叔叔，) 帮我把包递过来一下吧。

(叔叔，) 帮我把包递过来。

(小李，) 给我把包递过来。

2.2 General summary of findings (the answers to 5 questions):

①请求出现的位置？

37/40 末尾；3/40 开头

②请求在最末出现的信件中，请求的前文是什么？

Preamble ( introduction to self; introduction to history of self and Radio Australia; praise for RA; praise for specific people and/or programmes; explanation of how RA has been of benefit to self.)

≈hints for the conclusion ≈ a kind of extended facework = an integral part of the requests

③请求原因是在请求前还是后？

前

④请求的陈述方式，直截了当还是使用加强词或缓和词？（*直接与间接）

相对直接，但采取“我想能得到…希望能得到…”这样的方式(“please”与“请”的区别：亲

疏；上下)

⑤请求的轻重是否影响到请求放置的顺序？无影响（本语料中）

2.3 Native speaker reactions

按信件的礼貌程度从高到低排序：