语法with+复合宾语”结构

With + 复合宾语结构
请看NMET2000高考题：_____ the production up by 60％，the company has had another excellent year．A．As B．For C．With D．Through
这道题的正确答案是C。

句中的“With＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构作状语，表原因。

全句的意思是：由于生产增长了60％，这家公司又迎来了一个丰收年。

“with ＋复合宾语”结构中的宾语补足语通常由介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词或名词充当。

它在中学英语课本中多次出现，现将其构成与句法作用归纳如下：
“with ＋复合宾语”结构的一般构成：
with ＋宾语＋介词短语English lessons are broadcast every day on the radio with explanations in
English and other languages．
with ＋宾语＋现在分词In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person．with ＋宾语＋过去分词He stood for an instant with his hand raised．他举着手站了一会儿。

with ＋宾语＋不定式With so much homework to do，I can't go to the party tonight．
由于有这么多家庭作业要做，今天晚上我不能去参加晚会。

with ＋宾语＋形容词He usually sleeps with the windows open even in winter．
即使在冬天，他也常常开着窗户睡觉。

with ＋宾语＋副词One family lived in a house with very tall trees all round．
with ＋宾语＋名词In the centre of London there is a tall white building with the name“Bush House”．
“with ＋复合宾语”结构的句法作用：
作时间状语
With my homework finished（＝After I finished my homework），I went fishing with my father．做完家庭作业后，我和爸爸去钓鱼了。

作条件状语
With everything considered（＝If everything is considered），his plan is better than yours．
全面考虑的话，他的计划要比你的好。

作原因状语
With his key missing（＝Because his key is missing），he had to stay outside．
由于钥匙丢了，他只得呆在外面。

作伴随状语
The girl stood there silently，with tears in her eyes（＝and tears were in her eyes）．
那个女孩默默地站在那儿，眼里噙着泪水。

作定语
Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms（＝who has a baby in her arms）？你认识那位怀里抱着小孩的妇女吗？
也谈“with+复合宾语”结构
有一道高考英语试题单项选择题为：
_______ two exams to worry about,l have to work really hard this weekend.
A.with
B.Besides
C.As for
D.Because of （A为正确答案）
该题中出现了“with+复合宾语”结构。

这种结构不仅是历年高考的一个考点，也在中学课本中频频出现。

本文拟结合高考题和教材，将“with+复合宾语”结构
和用法作一归纳，供教师备课和学生学习时参考。

一、“with+复合宾语”结构的形式
“with+复合宾语”结构通常有以下六种形式：
1.“with+宾格词+形容词”
In summer we often sleep with the windows open.
With everything ready,we started to work.
2.“with+宾格词+现在分词”
In some parts of Asia it’s not polite to sit with your foot pointing at another person.
With so many people communicating in English every day,it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
3. “with+宾格词+过去分词”
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked
The murderer was brought in,with his hands _______ behind his back..
A.being tied
B.having tied
C.to be tied
D.tied （D为正确答案）
4. “with+宾格词+介词短语”
The teacher walked into the classroom with a ruler under his arm.
The guard rushed out with a gun in his hand.
5.“with+宾格词+副词”
Our city looks more beautiful with all the lights on.
_____ production up by 60﹪,the company has had another excellent year.
A.As
B.For
C.With
D.Through （C为正确答案）
6. “with+宾格词+不定式”
With a lot of difficult problems_____,the newly--elected president is having a hard time.
（C为正确答案）
With him to stay in the house, l feel quite safe.
二、“with+复合宾语”结构的用法
“with+复合宾语”主要用来说明附带情况或具体细节，在句中主要用作状语，有时也用作定语补足语、宾语补足语或主语补足语。

1.作状语
①伴随/方式状语He lay there thinking,with his head on his hands.
②时间状语With the meeting over,they left the meeting room.
③原因状语With the key lost,she couldn’t enter the house.
④条件状语With Li ping to help us.l’m sure we can finish the job ahead of time.
2.作定语The young woman with a baby in her arms is Tom’s elder sister.
3.作宾语补足语或主语补足语
The next morning the lake was found with a thin sheet of ice on.（.作主语补足语）该句意思同：Somebody found the lake with a thin sheet of ice on..（作宾语补足语）
【注】
1.“with+复合宾语”结构与“without+复合宾语”结构用法相同，只不过用without时表示否定意义。

试比较以下两句话的意义：
With a taxi coming soon,l’ll be ablet to get there on time.出租车一会儿来，我可以准时到达那里。

Without a taxi coming soon,l’ll be late for the meeting. 如果没有出租车来，我去开会就要迟到。

2.“with+复合宾语”结构与独立主格结构联系密切；如果在“with+复合宾语”中将with去掉，便可变成独立主格结构。

例如：With spring coming on, the trees turned green.
=Spring coming on,the trees turned green.
Wih the key lost,she couldn’t enter the house.
=The key lost,she couldn’t enter the house.。