被动语态(知识梳理)

被动语态

真题再现：

1.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.

A. will be building

B. will he built

C. has been building

D. has been built

2. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.

A. will have been

B. will be

C. was

D. has been

3. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.

A. has been reached

B. was reached

C. will reach

D. will have reached

4. More expressways _______ in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

A. are being built

B. will be built

C. have been built

D. had been built

5. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but_______ thankfully by the shop window.

A. am held back

B. held back

C. hold back

D. was held back

6. To my delight, I___________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

A. was chosen

B. was being chosen

C. would choose

D. had chosen

7. —Did you enjoy the party?

—Yes. We _____well by our hosts.

A. were treated

B. would be treated

C. treated

D. had treated

8. Experiments of this kind _____ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.

A. have conducted

B. have been conducted

C. had conducted

D. had been conducted

9. —I didn’t ask for the name list. Why _____ on my desk?

—I put it there just now in case you needed it.

A. does it land

B. has it landed

C. will it land

D. had it landed

10. After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _____ four days later.

A. rescued

B. was rescued

C. has rescued

D. had been rescued

答案与解析

1. B。本题考查的是将来时态被动的用法，句意为：据报道，在将来的几年里，一个太空站将会在月球上建立。

2. D。句意：在我的家乡，农民们在收完麦子之后都会吃一顿丰收晚餐。整个句子描述的是常态，主句是一般现在时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。麦子是“被收获”，故D正确。

3. A。句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，故选A。

4. B。从soon可以看出应该是将来的事，选择将来时的被动语态。句意：在四川，更多的高速路将很快被建成，用以提升当地经济。

5. A。句意：我有一种强烈的愿望进去跟玩那个玩具，但是多亏被橱窗阻止了。But连接两

个并列的谓语，并且第二个动作是“被阻止”，用被动语态，根据前一句的时态had排除选项A。

6. A。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以知道应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去式，故选A。

7. A。问句中的时态为过去时，问的是过去的情况，答语中“被好好款待”也应该是过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。

8. D。experiment和conduct之间为被动关系，故排除A项和C项。conduct这一动作发生在第二次世界大战之前，即“过去的过去”。

9. B。根据句意可知名单现在在桌子上，故用现在时，排除C，D项；句中强调land这一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，用现在完成时。

10. B。根据句意，member和rescue之间为被动关系，排除A，C项；另外rescue并不是发生在get lost之前，只是陈述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。

知识讲解：

被动语态的使用场合

1.语义的需要：不知道或者没必要指出动作的执行者。

They are poorly paid.（没必要指出谁付工资）

2.强调的需要：突出动作的承受者。

The schedule has been changed. (突出时间表)

3.礼貌的需要：避免说出动作的执行者。

Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. (避免说出“我们禁止”)

4.句式的需要：有些表达习惯上用被动语态。

He is said to be a billionaire.

被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。

一般现在时：am/is/are +done (过去分词)

English is widely used in the world.

现在完成时：has /have been done

All those flowers have been watered.

现在进行时：am/is /are being done

The blackboard is being painted now.

一般过去时：was/were done

We were asked to help them.

过去完成时：had been done

The building had been completed before I arrived.

过去进行时：was/were being done

The university was being built when I saw last time.