AirPak版讨论精华内容(33问)

合集下载

【资料】Airpak中文帮助文档(1.7部分)

Airpak中文帮助文档（1.7部分）此文翻译来自Airpak帮助文档1.7部分通过1.7部分，你将使用Airpak 建立一个问题、解决一个问题以及输出结果。

这是对Airpak 特点的基础介绍。

如有疑问可参考Airpak帮助文档的相关部分1.7 示例在下面的示例中，你将使用Airpak建立一个问题、解决一个问题以及输出结果。

这是对Airpak特点的基础介绍。

使用指南中的例子将提供更完整的程序特点。

1.7.1 问题描述图1.7.1显示的所要解决的问题。

房间中包含了一个开放的进风口、一个排气口和一个恒定温度的墙。

房间的长是4.57 m，宽是 2.74 m，高是2.74m。

房间外测量值是0.92 m ×0.46 m，同时引入一个冷空气射入房间使得空气流动。

排气口的尺寸是0.91 m×0.45 m。

惯性的力量、浮力的力量以及湍流混合的相互作用对所提供的空气的渗透及路径有着重要的影响。

1.7.2 主要的过程图1.7.1显示的问题是一个稳定通风的情形。

边界温度以及速度是被定义的。

示例中的步骤简要如下：z打开和定义一项工作z调整默认房间大小z对于一个房间生成一个进风口（opening）、排气口（vent）以及墙z生成网格z计算z检查结果1.7.3 开始一个新工作启动Airpak（1.5节）。

图1.7.2.显示的是【Open job】面板。

在【Select the job to open】文本显示框中路径的最后将/sample写上。

点击【Accept】打开一个新工作。

Airpak将生成一个10 m×3 m×10 m默认房间，同时在图形窗口显示房间。

你可以使用鼠标左键围绕一个中心点旋转房间，或者使用鼠标中间键你可以将房间转移到屏幕的任意一点上。

使用右键放大或缩小房间。

为了将房间回复的默认方位，点击【Options】菜单下【Orient】，在下拉菜单中选择【Home】。

1.7.4 定义工作通过定义房间的种类和设置环境温度来开始工作。

Airpak模拟的边界条件和初始条件

Airpak模拟的边界条件和初始条件各位同学，大家好，我是七师兄，今天我们来学习Airpak高级班的第三节课。

在第二节课中，我们着重介绍了在CFD模拟过程中要遵循的一些控制方程。

那么这几课我们就来看下，如何求解这些方程。

我们在模拟中用到的这些方程比如，质量守恒，能量守恒，动量守恒等，这些方程可以组成一个方程组，但是这些方程组并不能很好的求出解来，要想求出解，也就数数学上所说的让方程组闭合,必须有所谓的定解条件才能封闭上述方程组,才能得出问题的解。

对于一个一般性的非稳态问题,定解条件包括边界条件和初始条件。

边界条件和初始条件，他是让我们方程闭合的前提。

首先我们来看下边界条件，我们在工程热力学中，学过三大边界条件，那么其实下面，我们说的也就是三大边界条件。

1.边界条件1)给出变量τ中的值,如壁面的温度,非滑动壁面的速度分量为零等。

2)给出τ沿某方向的导数值,如已知壁面的热流量。

3）给出时间和传热量的关系式,如通过表面传热系数以及周围流体温度而限定壁面的换热量等。

那么这里讲的是理论的边界条件，那么在我们CFD模拟的时候，具体的边界条件有哪些呢，我们来看下。

在CFD模拟计算时,基本的边界类型包括以下几种:(1)入口边界条件入口边界条件：就是指定入口处流动变量的值。

常见的入口边界条件有速度、压力、质量流量入口边界条件。

速度入口:用于定义流动速度和流动入口的流动属性相关的量。

这一边界条件适用于不可压缩流,如果用于可压缩流会导致非物理结果,这是因为它允许驻点条件浮动。

应注意不要让速度入口靠近固体妨碍物,因为这会导致流动入口驻点属性具有太高的非一致性。

压力入口:用于定义流动入口的压力及其他标量属性。

它既适用于可压流也可用于不可压流。

压可用于压力已知但是流动速度或速率未知的情况。

这一情况可用于很多实际问题,如浮力驱动的流动。

压力入口边界条件也可用来定义外部或无约束流的自由边界。

质量流量入口：用于已知入口质量流量的可压缩流动(2)出口边界条件压力出口边界条件:压力出口边界条件需要在出口边界处指定表压。

Airpak使用简介

Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Thanks
情况设置求解设置
材料库
组后处理垃圾箱非激活模型元件
建模基本步骤
• 1、设置基本参数（basic parameters） • 2、建立或导入体块（block） • 3、设置计算域（room）大小：迎风面放3倍宽度，背风面放3～6倍，两边放3倍左右，高度放3倍左右 • 4、建立风场 • 5、划分网格 • 6、迭代计算 • 7、截平面，导出数据、云图等
设置基本参数
I. 计算模型内容选择 II. 重力方向 III.北向
CAD模型导入
具体方法： I. 在CAD中建立体块，输出： ACIS(*.sat)格式； II. 在gambit中打开已保存的*.sat文件，输出成IGES文件，保存为 *.igs格式； III.在airpak中，在model→ CAD data中打开*.igs格式文件。 IV. 不勾选Use CAD surface directly V. 点击block按钮，根据下方提示，左键选择face，完毕点击鼠标中键。
Airpak 演示
装使用
• 安装路径要在英文目录下（最好在盘符下） • 安装文件中的License（授权文件破解）放入：C:\Fluent.Inc\license\ • 文件路径要在英文目录下（否则无法生成网格） • 使用时关闭有道、灵格斯的屏幕取词
菜单栏
建立风场
I. 进口设置成大气层边界。在 model:Macros:atmospheric boundary layer中设置，选风向和速度，profile direction选竖直方向的坐标轴 II. 出口设置成openings:pressure 选ambient III.其余两边以及顶部天空设为 wall,symmetry

Airpak原创培训学习教程-中文教程(自然通风、空调、污染物CFD流体模拟)

PART 5 室内污染物扩散
5.1室内常见污染物
5.1室内常见污染物
二氧化碳
创建送风口
创建回风口
（05）建立人体模型
3.2 建立室内模型
3.3 网格处理
3.4 模拟设置
3.5 模拟结果评价
3.5 热舒适度评价参数室内热舒适评价指标：温度、湿度、风速、 PMV-PPD、空气龄等。民用建筑空调设计参数：（1）夏季：温度： 24~28℃；相对湿度： 40%-65%；风速：应不大于 0.3m/s。（2）冬季：温度： 18~22℃；相对湿度： 40%-60%；风速：应不大于 0.2m/s。（3） PMV-PPD： PMV：评价室内环境冷热感，一个客观的数字，基本可以反映这个人当时的冷热感。一般遵守 ASHRAE 7 分制， 0 分中性， 3 分很热， -3 分很冷（取值范围 -3~3） -0.5~0.5 人体感觉舒适。 PPD：公式估算出人们对该环境冷热不满意的比率，即 PPD（取值 20%）。（4）空气龄：是指空气质点自进入房间至到达室内某点所经历的时间。反映了室内空气的新鲜程度，它可以综合衡量房间的通风换气效果，是评价室内空气品质的重要指标。（5）压力：民用建筑室内对各个功能区域压力要去不一样。厨房、卫生间等污染较大的地方，要求保持负压，客厅、卧室、办公室等区域要求保持正压值
1.2.9模拟后处理
后处理结构 1.温度云图处理。 2.压力云图显示 3.轨线图 4.PMV-PPD图 5.局部数据处理
Airpak软件简介
PART 2 案例01办公室自然通风
2.1模型简介
以某办公室房间为例，房间尺10m×8m×4.5m，室内通风采用自然通风温度31℃，夏季室外干球温度34.2℃。室内各物体尺寸、数量及边界条件设置如下表1所示

airmap实训总结

airmap实训总结AirMap实训总结在我参加的AirMap实训中，我学到了许多有关无人机领域的知识和技能。

通过这次实训，我对无人机的应用及其在航空领域的重要性有了更深刻的理解。

以下是我对这次实训的总结和感悟。

AirMap的平台为无人机操作员和空中交通管理机构提供了一个高效的沟通和协调的工具。

通过AirMap，无人机操作员可以实时获取飞行限制、禁飞区和其他重要信息。

这为他们提供了更安全、更可靠的飞行环境。

同时，空中交通管理机构也可以通过AirMap追踪和监控无人机的飞行活动，确保航空领域的安全。

AirMap的飞行计划工具使无人机操作员能够在飞行前进行全面的计划和准备。

操作员可以在地图上标记起飞点、航线和降落点，并设置飞行高度和飞行速度等参数。

这样一来，无人机的飞行轨迹可以得到有效的规划和管理，减少与其他飞行器的冲突和危险。

AirMap还提供了实时的天气信息和飞行条件，帮助无人机操作员做出更明智的飞行决策。

无人机对天气变化和飞行条件的敏感性很高，因此了解这些信息对于飞行的安全至关重要。

通过AirMap，操作员可以及时了解到风速、气温、能见度等天气相关的信息，从而更好地掌握飞行环境。

在实训过程中，我还学习了如何使用AirMap的飞行记录功能。

这个功能可以记录无人机的飞行轨迹、飞行高度、飞行速度等信息，并生成相应的飞行报告。

这对于无人机操作员和空中交通管理机构来说都非常有用。

操作员可以通过这些记录来评估飞行的安全性和效率，而管理机构可以利用这些数据进行飞行监管和统计分析。

总的来说，AirMap是一个功能强大、易于使用的平台，为无人机操作员和空中交通管理机构提供了许多有益的工具和信息。

通过这次实训，我不仅学到了如何使用AirMap，还对无人机的运行和管理有了更深入的了解。

我相信这些知识和技能将对我未来的工作和职业发展产生积极的影响。

我期待着在将来能够继续学习和应用这些知识，为无人机领域的发展做出贡献。

空运常见问题集锦

空运常见问题集锦
1.问：到某地有一票货，能定到什幺时候的仓位？
答：要订舱后才能确认，一般只会告诉大概的时间
2.问：我有票电池出口，需要什幺文件，有什幺要求？
答：MSDS,电池无危险证明信，
3.问：帮我看一下目的地航空公司电话和地址？
答：到航空公司网站查询后告诉业务
4.问：我这票货物一半要报关，一半不报关行吗？
答：可以，要分开唛头，当成两票并货，一票一般贸易报关，一票快件出口，货物到香港然后并货。

唛头非常重要。

5.问：某某航班的仓位怎幺样？
答：看具体情况来回答
6.问：有个货物要报关，帮我看看要不要做商检？
答：请提供中文品名，用途
7.问：可不可以提前订舱？
答：可以
8.问：空运货可以香港交货吗？
答：可以
9.问：可以一半深圳交货，一半香港交货吗？
答：可以
10.问：我要走一票货去某地，下周交货，帮我看看下周会涨价吗？能订到周几的航班？
答：要提前订舱，涨不涨价要等航空公司通知，如果不通知是默认不。

AIRPAK案例

AIRPAK案例--25K型空调硬卧客车室内气流组织的数值模拟摘要：本文介绍了Airpak软件的特点及其在通风系统设计中的重要作用，并以25K型硬卧空调客车车厢内气流组织为研究对象，建立物理模型，在Airpak软件的基础上，采用k-ε两方程紊流模型建立数学模型，对其进行数值模拟。

根据计算结果，初步分析了影响温度场和速度场的因素，为列车空调系统的设计开发提供了参考依据。

关键词：空调客车气流组织数值模拟近几年来，随着我国铁路空调客车应用的迅速发展，人们逐渐的认识到空调客车室内气流组织是影响旅客热舒适性的主要因素。

气流组织的研究内容包括速度场、温度场、浓度场及相对湿度的分布等。

传统的铁路空调客车室内气流组织设计是将送风气流看成射流，通过求解射流的经验公式来确定车厢内各个断面的温度和速度分布，并采用调整送风口位置、尺寸、送风风速等方法改变温度分布和速度分布使其满足设计要求。

而射流的经验公式无法考虑到具体车厢内的形状及座椅、茶几、行李架等的影响，也不能考虑排风气流对射流造成的影响。

[1~3]所以采用经验公式获得的数据结果是比较粗糙的，传统的气流组织设计不能准确预测室内的气流组织分布特征。

计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics 简称CFD）的发展和应用，在一定程度上解决了空调系统设计中单凭经验和感觉进行设计而造成的不足。

本文以25K型硬卧空调客车为研究对象，采用k-ε两方程紊流模型，并结合CFD软件之一—Airpak软件对其进行数值模拟和分析。

1 Airpak软件的主要特点CFD是运用流体动力学的基本原理进行“三传”（传热、传质、动量传递）及燃烧、多项流和化学反应研究的重要技术，广泛应用于热能动力、航空航天、机械、土木水利、环境和化工等诸多领域，其中暖通空调领域是CFD应用的主要领域之一。

用CFD技术对一定空间中的气流组织进行模拟，通过建立数学物理模型，根据提供的合理的边界条件和参数，可以对空调区域内空气流动形成的温度场、速度场和浓度场等进行模拟，直观的显示其设计结果，并根据设计结果对其可行性和合理性进行分析研究，不断优化设计方案，寻找有规律性的知识，更好的指导工程设计。

airpak常见问题问与答-整理版

airpak常见问题问与答（一）建模基础1)My model is very complicated, what is the best way to build it ? (3)2)How can I simplify my model? (3)3)How often shall I save? (3)4)I am making models with only small changes between them, shall I save them under different names or get different solutions under the same name? (3)5)My area of interest is not surrounded by walls on all sides, is it OK to use the room walls or should I put openings on these walls? (4)6)Should I include the effect of gravity in my model? (4)7)Should I include the effect of radiation in my model? (4)8)The calculation for the view-factor matrix is taking too long, what is happening? (5)9)How do I decide whether the flow is turbulent or laminar? (5)10)Is is easier to import a model from a CAD package or construct the model inside Airpak? (5)11)What are the CAD package files I can import into Airpak? (5)12)What units should I use? (6)13)How do I take the effect of elevation into account? (6)14)My model is symmetric but my solution is not, what is the reason? (6)15)What is a typical magnitude of flow velocity due to (pure) natural convection? (6)16)Can I predict condensation in a room? (6)17)My Airpak jobs are taking up too much disk space, what should I do? (7)18)How can I free-up disk space without deleting model, mesh and postprocessing files?719)What are the three most essential files of an Airpak model? (7)20)What does "pack" and "unpack" mean? (7)21)How do I print out an Airpak model? (7)22)Where do I define my units? (8)23)How do I run a time-dependent or unsteady simulation? (8)24)What are initial conditions? (8)25)What is the "Minimum object separation"? (8)26)What is the meaning of "Radiation temperature" on the "Problem/Setup" menu? (9)27)My Airpak model is so cluttered, what should I do to see the model more clearly? (9)28)How can I suppress the view of objects in Airpak? (9)29)Sometimes the dimensions of objects contain too many decimal places: Is there a way to avoid this situation? (9)30)How do I move, copy or scale a group of objects at the same time? (9)31)How do I move a group of objects using the mouse? (10)32)How can I change the specifications (material type, power, etc.) of a group of objects in my model? (10)33)What is a part? (10)34)How can I scale an object with different scale factors in each of the coordinate directions? (10)35)How do I reverse the order of object creation? (10)36)How do I change the default values of material properties? (11)37)How do I define new materials in my database? (11)38)How do I view my model in shaded form? (11)39)What is the difference between "Device" and "Approach" methods in the calculation for pressure losses in vents and resistances? (12)40)What is a macro? (12)41)I have created a heat sink macro and want to send it to my colleague. What is the quickest option? (13)42)How do I apply a transient thermal loading (power) to my block? (13)43)Can I prescribe several transient power loading segments to my model? (13)44)I am only interested in getting the flow distribution and not the temperature. How doI solve for the flow distribution only? (13)45)I have obtained the flow distribution from a previous run and want to solve my model for another power loading. Can I only solve for temperature? (13)46)I am modeling a pole-mounted enclosure and want to include the effect of solar loading, what is the best approach? (14)47)I am modeling external airflow. How large should my room be? (14)48)Can I build my model in inches and use the SI system of units to specify the other parameters such as conductivity, power, etc.? (14)49)The origin of my room is a non-zero number, can I convert it to (0,0,0)? (14)50)I am modeling a telecom rack and do not know whether I should use a plate or PCB for my motherboard? (14)51)How can I model small air gaps or interface material between surfaces? (15)52)What is the difference between conducting thick partitions and contact resistances?1553)My region of interest is not a rectangular prism, how can I construct the room in Airpak? (15)54)When should I use hollow blocks? (15)55)I have a table of volume flow vs pressure data for my fan, can I load this data directly, instead of entering it manually? (15)56)How do I take the effect of elevation into account? (16)57)How do I determine the operating point of a fan? (16)58)What is the difference between blocks and partitions? (16)59)What is the difference between internal and external fans? (16)60)Is there flow through the hub of my fan? (17)61)How do I incorporate a swirl effect into my fan flow? (17)62)Can I use partitions on the sides of the room? (17)63)What is the difference between partitions and walls? (17)64)How do I specify a non-uniform conductivity to my blocks or partitions? (17)65)I am specifying power on a block. Can I specify the power to the volume as well as to the faces? (18)66)When I write out an IGES file from IDEAS, Airpak can not read it. How can I fix this?1867)Is it possible to copy one object type to another? (18)68)What is the difference between "Total heat" and "Fixed value" in "Model/Source"?1969)How do I calculate the thermal resistance given conductivty data? (19)1)My model is very complicated, what is the best way to build it ?Start simple. First include the most important items such as the cabinet, big power devices, fans, vents and openings, if any. For first level analysis, ignore small details. For example, you may smear power sources over blocks or plates, instead of modeling them in detail using small blocks. Make sure the simple model runs well and the solution makes sense. You can then gradually include more details into your model. It is absolutely essential that you build your model step by step!2)How can I simplify my model?To simplify your model, you may consider:reducing your model by using symmetry conditionsusing planar objects instead of thin objectsbreaking the model into two or more smaller modelsneglect small curves, small protrusions, etc.aligning nearly-aligned faces of objects3)How often shall I save?As with all software products, it is advisable to save as often as possible. This will ensure that your data is not lost in the event of machine or system failure. In particular, it is important to save the model before starting the solution process. So, if you need to terminate your solution process for any reason using the control C option, the latest model will be saved.4)I am making models with only small changes between them, shall I savethem under different names or get different solutions under the samename?If the changes are geometric (so that the mesh between the two is different) you should save them under different names. For example, if you have a model named job1, you may copy it to job2. Then make the changes you want in job2 and run it. However, if you are just changing the ventilation flowrate or inlet temperature (so that the mesh is the same), you may either save it to a different name, or, if you wish to use the Restart option, run a second solution under the same name.5)My area of interest is not surrounded by walls on all sides, is it OK to usethe room walls or should I put openings on these walls?In general, it is not necessary to put openings on all room walls. It is sufficient to put openings on the walls which are perpedicular to the dominant flow direction(s). However, make sure that the walls that don't have openings are far enough so that they don't influence the flow distribution near the area of interest.6)Should I include the effect of gravity in my model?Generally, you should include gravity because room air flows are relatively low velocity flows and the buoyant plumes from local heat sources or non-isothermal behavior of air jets can be important to model. However, if you have an isothermal application, gravity will have no effect.7)Should I include the effect of radiation in my model?In most forced convection cases (where fluid is pushed through by fans, pumps, etc.), the effect of radiation is under 2-5% and may be ignored. In some cases, the effect may be of the order of 10% or even greater and must be included. Examples are:natural convection casessealed systemsisolated hot components radiating to nearby objects or the ambientlarge areas radiating to the ambientsolar loadingIt is often a good practice to ignore the effect of radiation in the first level of analysis and include it later, in the final stages of analysis.8)The calculation for the view-factor matrix is taking too long, what ishappening?Your model probably has a large number of objects. Even if the number of objects participating in radiation is small, Airpak still involves the other objects in the calculation. One way of speeding the calculation is to construct the radiation.ff file from a simpler Airpak model and use this file in the actual model. To construct the simpler model, make a copy of the actual model and delete some components that are either not participating in radiation or have minimal effect on radiation. Then compute the view factor matrix and use the resulting radiation file (radiation.ff) in the actual model. Another option is to activate the discrete ordinates radiation model which alleviates the need for a time-consuming view-factor calculation although the ensuing flow solution will require more computational time.9)How do I decide whether the flow is turbulent or laminar?Airpak estimates the non-dimensional numbers which will help you determine whether the flow is turbulent or laminar. For forced convection problems, the number to watch is the Reynolds number, for natural convection problems, look at the Rayleigh number. You can look at the estimates of these numbers by clicking the "Reset" button in Solution/Setup. The numbers as well as the recommended flow setting will be displayed in the messages window. In general, the flow is considered tubulent if the Reynolds number is greater than 5000 or the Rayleigh number if greater than 1e+8. The user is advised to use his/her own judgement as to this setting, particulary when the flow regime is in the transition region (between laminar and turbulent).10)Is is easier to import a model from a CAD package or construct the modelinside Airpak?It varies from case to case. In many cases, you can easily and rapidly construct your model in Airpak. In some cases, however, it may be advantageous to import from CAD packages directly. This is true in situations where transfering the dimensions (sizes and locations) is time consuming.11)What are the CAD package files I can import into Airpak?You can import an Airpak model from Pro/E directly. You can also import IGES files from any CAD package and DXF files from AutoCad.12)What units should I use?You can use any system of units or a combination of them (e.g., SI, English system, etc.). You can define your units in the "Edit unit definitions" under "File/Configure". You can also define units locally for any particular object (dimensions, properties, etc.). However, in general, it is advisable to use a consistent set of units so that the possibility of error is minimized.13)How do I take the effect of elevation into account?The effect of elevation can be taken into account by simply altering the density of air in the materials database. The default value of air density can be seen in "Model/Materials". Go to "Fluid/Gases/Air" and enter the new air density for the elevation under consideration. Make sure to click "Update" after editing the material properties.14)My model is symmetric but my solution is not, what is the reason?This is most likely due to one or both of the following reasons:The mesh is not symmetric.The solution hasn't converged..15)What is a typical magnitude of flow velocity due to (pure) naturalconvection?It is of the order of 0.1 m/s.16)Can I predict condensation in a room?In Airpak, you can track water vapor as a species and look at the relative humidity. Although there is no condensation mass transfer model in Airpak, seeing results in which the relative humidity approaches 100% in some areas is a good indication that condensation is likely.17)My Airpak jobs are taking up too much disk space, what should I do?Use "Cleanup" under "File" menu and delete mesh, scratch, and solution files18)How can I free-up disk space without deleting model, mesh andpostprocessing files?You can compress the files using the "Compress" option under "File/Cleanup", or, you can delete the scratch files in "File/Cleanup" and save as much as 20% of the disk space. 19)What are the three most essential files of an Airpak model?They are "job", "model" and "problem". These files contain all the information specified to build the model, such as the size and location of objects, properties of objects, problem setup data, mesh specifications, and solver settings. Any Airpak model must have atleast these three files.20)What does "pack" and "unpack" mean?The "Pack" and "Unpack" facility in Airpak allows you to communicate with Airpak support or with another Airpak user rather easily."Pack" means packaging the component files of an Airpak model (job, model and problem) into one file by tarring and zipping these files. You can send that file to Airpak support or another Airpak user for examination. The packaged file is named "jobname.tzr"."Unpack" means unpacking a packaged job automatically. The unpack routine unzips and untars the zipped and tarred file and saves the component files "job", "model" and "problem" under the the directory "jobname", where jobname is the name of the model specified in the packaged job.21)How do I print out an Airpak model?First display the model in the Airpak inteface the way you want the model to appear in the print (including the size, view, shading, etc.). Then, in the options menu at the far right of the Airpak main inteface, click "Print" and save the image under one of the file formats allowed, e.g. gif, tiff, etc. You can then send the saved file to your printer.22)Where do I define my units?You can define units in "File/Configure". Click "Edit unit definitions" and define the units for any quantity (length, conductivity, power, etc.) and click "Set as default". The units so defined will be applied to any new object introduced into the cabinet. You can also alter the units of any variable of an object by editing the object and changing the unit definitions selected. To do this, just click the unit indicator beneath the quantity under consideration and change it to any other unit in the pick-list. The user also has the ability to simply set the type of units used for the entire problem to SI units or Imperial (English) units.23)How do I run a time-dependent or unsteady simulation?First select "Transient" by going to "File/Problem" and then specify "Start", "End time", "Time step increment", and "Solution save interval" of your simulation. Then go to "Solution/Setup" and specifiy the "Iteration/timestep".24)What are initial conditions?"Radiation temperature" is the partial enclosure temperature applied when the default surface-to-surface radiation model is used. When a given surface radiates to some surfaces, normally all of the radiation does not reach these surfaces. The portion of radiation that doesn't reach these surfaces is assumed to go to the ambient maintained at a reference temperature called the "Radiation temperature".How do I include the effect of natural convection in my model?In "File/Problem", toggle the "Gravity vector" and give the gravity value in the appropriate direction.25)What is the "Minimum object separation"?This is a value you specify in "File/Configure". It sets a tolerance limit where if any two adjacent faces are separated by a distance less than this tolerance limit, Airpak warns you of the situation. You may choose to cancel the meshing and examine the model for any errors or ignore the warning and go ahead with the meshing. It is not advisable to letAirpak make the changes automatically for it may make many unintended changes. 26)W hat is the meaning of "Radiation temperature" on the "Problem/Setup"menu?These are initial values of velocity and temperature that will be assigned to each cell in the mesh to serve as the first guess values for the solver. These are just initial guess values and are replaced by new values after the first iteration is completed. The default initial conditions are sufficient for most cases.27)My Airpak model is so cluttered, what should I do to see the model moreclearly?You can suppress the views of some objects. See the next FAQ on suppressing views for how to do it. You can also use the "Gouraud shading" on a given class of objects (or just one object) to see these objects clearly.28)How can I suppress the view of objects in Airpak?At the top right hand corner of the Airpak interface, there are two columns of boxes. Click on "Visible" and toggle off the object type (e.g. blocks) the views which you want to supress. Note that the object class that is suppressed is still part of the model, it is just not visible. For that reason, it is a good practice to toggle on these objects (after you are finished viewing) so that you don't forget about them. You can also suppress the view of a particular object (rather than a class of objects) by editing that object and selecting "Invisible" under "Shading" in the object edit form.29)Sometimes the dimensions of objects contain too many decimal places: Isthere a way to avoid this situation?Before beginning to build your model, set the "x-grid", "y-grid" and "z-grid" to the minimum decimal place you want to have (for example 0.0001). This will force objects to move or locate with fixed increments and you will not get the unwanted decimals unless you scale the model.30)How do I move, copy or scale a group of objects at the same time?Use the "Groups" option in the "Model" menu to group the objects. You can then move,copy, or scale as you wish. Please refer to the training notes or the Airpak manual for more details.31)How do I move a group of objects using the mouse?Use the "Groups" option in the "Model" menu and group the objects. Then toggel on the "Move group" button and move the group using the mouse (shift + middle mouse button).32)How can I change the specifications (material type, power, etc.) of a groupof objects in my model?First, group all the objects. Then change the specifications of one of the objects. Then use the "Copy parameters" option in the "Groups control" form to copy the specifications from that object (which is highlighted in the Airpak edit form) to all other object in the group. You will see the following messages in the messages window: Copying parameters from ... to ...33)What is a part?A part is an assembly of objects which you create and store that can then be used in different models. To create and store a part, go to "Model/Groups" and make a group and then click "Create part". This will create an internal part, i.e., a part specific to the current model. To create an external part, go to "Parts", under "Model", and highlight the part you have just created. Click "Edit" and then "Write part" in the Parts form. This will open a "Save job" form for you. Save the part (with a given name) inside a directory of your choice.34)How can I scale an object with different scale factors in each of thecoordinate directions?Use the "Move" option in the "Model" menu. Toggle "Scale" and enter scaling factors for each of the three directions. For example entering 0.5, 1.0, 1.0 reduces the X dimension of the object by 50%.35)How do I reverse the order of object creation?You can change the priority values in "Model/Priorities". Objects that were created first have a lower priority number than objects that were created later. By changing these numbers, you can change the order of creation. This in turn affects, among other things, the meshing hierarchy.36)How do I change the default values of material properties?Go to "Model/Materials" and then select "Solid", "Fluid" or "Surface" properties. For example, under "Solid", you can go to "Metals/Alloys" and alter the default propreties of materials such as Al-Extruded, Cu-Brass, etc. Just click "Edit" and alter one or more of the properties. If necessary, you can also define a linear or curve variation of a property value with temperature.37)How do I define new materials in my database?If the new materials to be defined are specific to the current model only, go to "Model/Materials" and add new materials in one of the three catergories available (Solid, Fluid and Surfaces). To do this, select the proper subclass (e.g. "Metals/Alloys" under "Solid") and click "New". Then, click "Edit" and edit the name of the new material and specify its properties.If the new materials to be defined are common to all other Airpak models, you need to create them differently. In this case, create a new Airpak model called "materials" (just the default room is sufficient). Then create new materials following the steps described above and save the Airpak model (called materials). The newly defined materials will then be available to any Airpak model, provided the correct path is specified in "Edit library path" under "File/Configure". To specify the path, type the complete path (to the directory containing the model called materials) in the "Edit entry" and click "Add". For more details, call your Airpak support.38)How do I view my model in shaded form?Go to "view" and select "Gouraud shading" instead of the default "Wireframe" display. In this case, all the objects in the cabinet will be shaded. If you need to shade one class of objects only, go to "File/Configure" and click "Edit graphical styles" and select "Gouraud", instead of "View", for one class of objects (blocks, plates, etc.). It is also possible to have Gouraud shading for one object only. To do this, edit the particular object under consideration and, under "Shading", select "Solid".In my fan curve, the volume flow/pressure numbers are not what I specified in the "Edit" form, what is happening?The numbers are scaled by a factor shown along the axis. For example, 1.5 Pa with a scale factor of 1e2 is equal to 150 Pa.39)What is the difference between "Device" and "Approach" methods in thecalculation for pressure losses in vents and resistances?The two differ in the way the pressure drop is calculated. In the "Approach velocity method", the pressure drop is calculated based on the loss coefficient data provided and the flow velocity approaching the device (vent or resistance); the free area ratio data is not used. In the "Device velocity method", however, the flow velocity through the device is used, as well as the loss coefficient and the free area ratio data provided. The following relationships may be noted:V-dev = V-app/AL-app = L-dev/A**nwhere,V-app = Approach velocityV-dev = Device velocityL-app = loss coeff. based on approach velocityL-dev = loss coeff. based on device velocityA = free area ration = 1 for linear relationship and 2 for quadratic relationship40)What is a macro?A macro is a compact and easy representation of a complex system. Examples are heatsink macros and macros for packages (BGA). Such models may be used when detailed modeling is time consuming and/or impractical.41)I have created a heat sink macro and want to send it to my colleague.What is the quickest option?Save the heat sink macro settings (in the heat sink creation form) and send that file to your colleague. The settings can be saved in a file insied the directory "heatsink_info".42)How do I apply a transient thermal loading (power) to my block?Edit the block and give the Total power. Then select "Transient", instead of "Constant value". Now, click "Edit" and you will need to specify tS and tE (the starting and ending times within which the specified power is on), and the time variation of power with time (Linear, Power law, etc.). Note that you can specify trainsient loading for solid or fluid blocks only. Sources (planar or volumetric) can also be used to specify transient power loading.43)Can I prescribe several transient power loading segments to my model?Yes. For example, you can ramp up the power for 5 minutes, maintain the maximum power for 10 minutes, and ramp down the power for 15 minutes. To do this, use the "Text editor" (under "Piecewise linear") and specify the time-dependent power.44)I am only interested in getting the flow distribution and not thetemperature. How do I solve for the flow distribution only?Go to "File/Problem" and click off "Temperature" in the "Variables solved" option.45)I have obtained the flow distribution from a previous run and want tosolve my model for another power loading. Can I only solve for temperature?Yes. Go to "File/Problem" and click off "Flow (velocity/pressure)" in the "Variables solved" option. In order to use the previous flow solution, you need to use the "Restart" option in "Solution/Solve".46)I am modeling a pole-mounted enclosure and want to include the effect ofsolar loading, what is the best approach?First, you need to calculate the incident flux (from text books) to each of the faces exposed to solar loading. Then, put planar sources on these faces with the appropriate heat flux (power) conditions.47)I am modeling external airflow. How large should my room be?In general, if the building has height H and width W, you would want your room to be at least 5H high, 10W wide, with at least 2H upstream of the building and 10 H downstream of the building. You would want to verify that there are no significant pressure gradients normal to any of the boundaries of the computational domain. If there are, then it would be wise to enlarge the size of your room.48)Can I build my model in inches and use the SI system of units to specifythe other parameters such as conductivity, power, etc.?Yes. You can build your model in inch and still use other system of units for the other specifications.49)The origin of my room is a non-zero number, can I convert it to (0,0,0)? Yes. Use the "Move" command in "Model/Room" and translate the room in the X,Y,Z directions by giving the proper offset.50)I am modeling a telecom rack and do not know whether I should use aplate or PCB for my motherboard?The PCB is a very simple representation of a printed circuit board. For first level calculations and approximate answers, the use of the PCB is acceptable. If more detailed results are desired, plates or blocks should be considered, perhaps with discrete chips (blocks or sources) attached to the surfaces. The advantage here is that the conductivity of the board can be modified in each direction to take into account the multi-layered nature of the board. PCBs do not have inherent conducivity. In addition, plates and blocks allow the specification of other effects such as radiation.。

AirPak版讨论精华内容(33问)

AirPak版讨论精华内容(33问）----整理版1.请教一下在airpak中物体的散湿量怎么输入，特别是人体？----直接在人体上加了opening，也就是和fluent的处理方法是相同的。

人体散湿量是一个比较烦的问题，一般情况计算的稳态问题，要求这人长期在一个地方不动，这其实与实际情况不太相符。

散湿量是可以定义到一个prism的source上的，单位是kg/s.但是直接用airpak中的人的话，是没有办法设定的。

除非你重新建一个group。

其实用一个长方体就可以代表人了。

用体源项来定义的时间欧就有kg/s的单位了。

用prism的source，不是面的，而是体的。

2.airpak的数据如何提取出来？airpak的文件如何才能读入到fluent？或者能读入到tecplot里？report-〉point report，然后输入那些具有代表性的点的参数值，可以创建很多个点，然后勾上write to file，给出文件名称，然后就可以用text文本打开了，不知道这对你有没有用。

How do I include the effect of natural convection in my model?"File/Problem", toggle the "Gravity vector" and give the gravity value in the appropriate direction.What is the "Minimum object separation"?This is a value you specify in "File/Configure". It sets a tolerance limit where if any two adjacent faces are separated by a distance less than this tolerance limit, Airpak warns you of the situation. You may choose to cancel the meshing and examine the model for any errors or ignore the warning and go ahead with the meshing. It is not advisable to let Airpak make the changes automatically for it may make many unintended changes."Radiation temperature" is the partial enclosure temperature applied when the default surface-to-surface radiation model is used. When a given surface radiates to some surfaces, normally all of the radiation does not reach these surfaces. The portion of radiation that doesn't reach these surfaces is assumed to go to the ambient maintained at a reference temperature called the "Radiation temperature".3.关于model的问题room--当创建一个新文件时，airpak会在图形窗口自动生成一个默认的room，尺寸：10m×3m×10m，显示的是xy平面的视图。

airpak边界条件

airpak边界条件Airpak边界条件边界条件是计算流体力学（CFD）模拟中的重要概念，用于定义流场计算区域的边界特性。

在CFD模拟中，边界条件的选择和定义对模拟结果的准确性和可靠性至关重要。

Airpak是一种常用的CFD软件，用于模拟空气流动和热传递现象。

在Airpak中，边界条件的正确应用对于获得准确的模拟结果非常重要。

在Airpak中，常见的边界条件包括入口边界条件、出口边界条件、壁面边界条件和对称边界条件等。

入口边界条件用于定义流场的初始状态，包括流体的温度、压力和速度等参数。

出口边界条件用于定义流场的结束状态，通常设置为自由出流或压力出流条件。

壁面边界条件用于定义流场与固体表面的交互特性，包括固体表面的温度和热传导等参数。

对称边界条件用于定义流场的对称性，通常在对称面上设置零速度和零梯度的温度条件。

在实际工程应用中，根据具体情况选择合适的边界条件非常重要。

例如，在模拟建筑内部空气流动时，入口边界条件可以设置为建筑的进风口温度和速度，出口边界条件可以设置为建筑的排风口条件。

壁面边界条件可以设置为固体表面的温度和热传导条件，以模拟固体表面的热传递过程。

对称边界条件可以适用于模拟对称结构的流动问题，如模拟一个对称的房间内空气流动。

除了常见的边界条件外，Airpak还提供了一些特殊的边界条件，如风速边界条件和温度边界条件等。

风速边界条件用于模拟风场对流动的影响，可以根据实际情况设置不同的风速和风向。

温度边界条件用于模拟流场中的温度分布，可以根据实际情况设置不同的温度值。

在设置边界条件时，需要考虑到流场的物理特性和实际情况。

例如，在模拟建筑内部空气流动时，需要考虑到建筑的结构和材料的热传导特性，以及建筑内部的热源和热负荷。

在模拟风场对流动的影响时，需要考虑到风场的风速和风向，以及建筑的外形和周围环境的影响。

在设置壁面边界条件时，需要考虑到固体表面的材料和热传导特性，以及固体表面的热源和热负荷。

利用Airpak模拟室内气流组织的误差分析

关键词：气流组织；误差分析；Ａｉｒｐａｋ中图分类号：ＴＵ８３１．３文献标志码：Ａ文章编号：１００６ — ７９３０（２０１３）０１ — ００７３０６
合理的室内气流组织不但可以消除给人体带来不适的余热余湿，创造良好的居住、办公环境，还能一
第４５卷
第１期
西安建筑科技大学学报（自然科学版）
Ｊ．ＸｉａｎＵｎｉｖ．ｏｆＡｒｃｈ．＆Ｔｅｃｈ．（Ｎａｔｕｒａ１ＳｃｉｅｎｃｅＥｄｉｔｉｏｎ）
偏差．本文将利用ＣＦＤＡｉｒｐａｋ软件对某办公室气流组织的速度、温度场和ＰＭＶ、
ＰＰＤ进行数值模拟计算，并用实测数据与
模拟结果进行对比分析和讨论．
１物理数学模型以及边界条件
１．１物理模型
＋ｄｉｖ（ｐｕ￣一ｒｇｒａｄｑ￣）一Ｓ（１）
Байду номын сангаас
１．３网格划分
采用六面体网格，ｘ、ｙ、Ｚ方向网格单元最大尺寸（Ｍａｘｓｉｚｅ）为０．５ｍ，对送风口温度、速度梯度大的地方进行网格加密，固体表面网格数至少为２，流动的物体（送风，回风Ｖ１）网格数至少为５，设定为５．
修改稿日期：２０１３－０卜１４

Airpak应用

1. 前言Airpak是面向通风系统工程师、建筑师和设计师的专业的通风系统分析软件。

它可以精确地模拟通风系统的空气流动、传热、污染和舒适度等。

从而减少设计成本、降低设计风险。

Airpak软件的应用领域包括建筑、汽车、楼房、化学、环境、HVAC、加工、采矿、造纸、石油、制药、电站、打印、半导体、通讯、运输等行业。

目前Airpak已在如下方面的设计得到了应用：住宅通风、排烟罩设计、电讯室设计、净化间设计、污染控制、工业空调、工业通风、工业卫生、职业健康和保险、建筑外部绕流、运输通风、矿井通风、烟火管理、教育设施、医疗设施、动植物生存环境、厨房通风、餐厅和酒吧、电站通风、封闭车辆设施、体育场、竞技场、总装厂房等。

Airpak的特点是建模快速，它多种有现成的几何模型，如人体模型、空调模型、排烟罩模型、通风管道模型等。

可以使您在很短的时间内完成您的几何建模型工作。

这样您的注意力就可以集中到通风设计而不是画图了。

Airpak的求解器是Fluent5.5，目前最强大的CF D求解器。

它的后处理不仅包括切面、云图，还包括流迹线、粒子动画。

这些动画您可以保存为通用的Avi, Gif, Mpeg, Fli等的动画文件。

它的后处理还包括用户更关心的舒适度评估设计性能参数，如相对湿度(relative humidity)、PMV&PPD、平均幅射温度(mean radiant te mperature)、平均空气滞留时间(mean age of air)等。

本文就某列车空调系统的分析，对airpak软件进行了简要介绍。

2．问题描述及模型建立2.1问题描述随着国民生活水平的提高，人们已经不满足于普通列车的条件。

空调列车相继由各家客车厂研制生产。

但是空调客车的空调系统是否达标是各家最关心的一个问题。

如果设计不达标则意味着国家不会采用这样的客车。

激烈的竞争使他们想到了设计阶段的数值仿真。

Air pak的出现给各家带来了福音。

航空知识点问答技巧总结

航空知识点问答技巧总结航空知识作为一门专业领域，涵盖的内容广泛且复杂。

在学习和掌握航空知识的过程中，问答技巧是至关重要的。

通过问答，学生能够加深对知识的理解和记忆，老师也能够检验学生的学习水平和教学效果。

在航空知识问答中，有一些技巧是非常重要的，下面将对这些技巧进行总结。

一、提问技巧1. 提问的范围要合理在问答中，提问的范围应该合理，既要包括基础知识，又要涉及到深层次和综合性问题。

通过提问，可以检验学生对基础知识的掌握程度，也能够引导学生深入思考和综合运用所学知识。

2. 提问的方式要多样提问的方式应该多样化，可以使用直接提问、反问、对比和引导等方式。

通过多样化的提问方式，可以激发学生的兴趣，促进学生的积极参与，并能够启发学生的思维，提高他们解决问题的能力。

3. 提问的角度要新颖提问的角度应该新颖独特，既要注重概念和原理的理解，又要关注实际应用和发展趋势。

通过提问，可以引导学生多角度思考问题，拓展知识面，培养学生的创新思维。

4. 提问的难度要适宜提问的难度应该适宜，不仅要考察学生对知识的掌握程度，也要考验学生的分析和解决问题的能力。

通过适宜的难度提问，可以激发学生的学习激情，促进其自主学习和自主思考。

二、回答技巧1. 回答要认真仔细在回答问题时，学生应该认真仔细地思考和回答，不急不躁，不慌不乱。

要充分理解问题的意思，结合所学知识进行回答，并且要有条理、清晰，不偏离问题的要点。

2. 回答要简练明了回答问题要简练明了，不要啰嗦冗长，抓住问题的关键点，突出重点，言之有物。

简洁明了的回答更容易引起师生的共鸣和理解，也更能够体现学生的表达能力和思维逻辑。

3. 回答要积极主动在回答问题时，学生要积极主动，主动回答老师的提问，也可以积极与同学交流讨论，促进思维碰撞，相互学习。

通过积极主动的回答，不仅可以加深对知识的理解和记忆，也能够提高学生的学习积极性和主动性。

4. 回答要注意态度在回答问题时，学生要注意态度，要认真仔细地对待每一个问题，不轻视、不漠视。

Airpak学习教程

Airpak 2.0 使用指南办公室通风∙简介∙前言∙问题描述∙第一步：打开并定义一个新任务∙第二步：创建模型∙第三步：加入辐射和模型∙第四步：计算网格∙第五步：检查风状况∙第五步：将模型保存到任务文件中∙第六步：计算一个解决方案∙第七步：检查结果∙汇总∙参考文献简介这篇教程演示了如何使用Airpak在计算机上创建有两个人工作的办公室的模型教程中你将学会：∙打开一个新任务∙包括计算机模拟相对湿度影响的分布∙创建blocks, openings, vents, partitions, 和 walls∙创建辐射影响的模型∙改变计算机计算的迭代次数∙计算一个结果∙检查模型表面轮廓和物体表面的矢量，以及横断面图∙空气入口的粒子流轨迹∙通过计算机计算检查房间里的舒适度的预测平均值(PMV)和不满百分比（PPD）必装条件这个教程假设你对airpak没有经验，但是你很熟悉接口，如果您不是，请检查第一张的用户指南问题描述这个办公室分为两个部分,每部分包含一个人，坐在电脑前工作,如图 1.1。

这个办公室还包括六个荧光灯、暖气片、空气入口、回风口,窗户。

表面温度和空气流速剖面,目的是为了确定整个舒适的房间。

Table 1.1:几何参数,导热性，窗户和扩散器的流动边界条件尺寸温度速度13.5 C 0.85 m/s进气口扩散0.2 m 0.3 m30.9 C ---窗户3.65 m 1.16 mTable 1.2:热源的尺寸和性能热源Size Power1500 W墙挂式取暖1.2 m 0.1 m 0.2 m75 W人0.4 m 0.35 m 1.1 m108 WComputer 10.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m173 WComputer 20.4 m 0.4 m 0.4 m34 W灯0.2 m 1.2 m 0.15 mFigure 1.1:通风问题所研究的办公室的几何参数Step 1: Open and Define a New Job1.启动airpak,如简介1.5中说明的那样，打开任务面板将自动开启2.为你的任务取一个名字(a)In the Select the job to open text box, type /office at the end of the path.在选择任务打开文字框内，输入/office在路径的最后(b)Click Accept. 点击接受Airpak will create a default room with the dimensions 10 m 3 m 10 m, anddisplay the room in the graphics window.Airpak将创建一个默认的尺寸为10x3x10的房间，并放置在图形窗口内。

Airpak中文学习案例（含软件操作步骤）-CFD模拟教程-自然通风室内环境模拟

Airpak中⽂学习案例（含软件操作步骤）-CFD模拟教程-⾃然通风室内环境模拟Airpak软件中⽂学习案例（含软件详细操作步骤）建筑边庭对室内环境的影响-CFD模拟分析⽬录01篇建模问题 (3)1.1模拟概况 (3)1.2简化模型 (5)1.3⽤airpak建模 (5)1.4airpak建模步骤 (6)02篇⽹格⽣成篇 (9)2.1⽹格⽣成详细步骤 (9)2.2⽹格检查 (11)03篇条件设置 (12)3.1边界条件设置 (12)3.2初始参数设置 (15)3.3残差和计算参数设置 (16)04篇模拟后处理 (17)05篇边庭模拟⼩结 (21)01篇建模问题1.1模拟概况本⼯程是某地区⼀栋坐北朝南的办公楼，东侧是贯穿⼀层的边庭，主要功能为通风采光，南侧是⼀个内部⾛廊。

办公楼⼀共2层，上下层都为办公室、会议厅，建筑⾯积⼤约3000平⽅⽶。

室内布置主要为桌椅、空调等（实际模型详见下⽅图纸）。

本⼯程主要通过CFD模拟软件Airpak对建筑边庭进⾏研究，分析边庭（中庭）对建筑室内的通风效果通过温度、湿度、风速、空⽓龄、PMV-PPD等指标参数，评价室内通风效果。

本教程由百度账号：a⾕⾬c燕,第七代师兄，独家原创分享，未经许可不得转载。

⾸次发布在百度⽂库模拟⼯况为：(1)冬季⽆空调时，边庭对室内通风、热舒适度的影响。

(2)冬季有空调时，边庭对室内通风、热舒适度的影响。

1.2简化模型拿到⼆维图纸或三维图纸后，建模的思路是先熟悉图纸，⼆维和三维图纸都看⼀遍，了解图纸中的建筑和物体的布局，其次结合CFD 模拟⼯况的要求，对建筑模型进⾏必要的简化，最后依据图纸信息进⾏建模。

例如本⼯程，是⼀个办公楼，要做如上2个⼯况的模拟，拿到图纸后熟悉每个房间的布局，⾥⾯有桌椅、⼈体、玻璃幕墙等。

对⾥⾯的⼈体进⾏舍弃，边庭处的沙⼟、植物对⽓流影响不⼤的也进⾏舍弃，最后得到⼀个模拟的⼤致布局。

脑中有了这些模型后，可以⾃⼰画⼀下，也可以建模的时候⼀遍勾勒，⼀遍看图。

Airpak模拟48讲高级班-CFD数值模拟辐射空调-瞬态模拟-建筑室外空调机散热fluent

《Airpak模拟高级班48讲》
CFD模拟课程-Fluent-辐射空调-自然通风-污染物扩散-瞬态模拟 | CFD理论知识篇 | 流体知识篇 | 10大模拟专项案例 | 常见问题解答篇 |
主讲人,仅供个人学习，侵权必究
COMPANY
表面力
(7)表面力:大小与表面面积有关而且分布作用在流体表面上的力称为表面力。表面力按其作用方向可以分为两种:一种是沿表面内法线方向的压力,称为正压力;另一种是沿表面切向的摩擦力, 称为切应力。
湍流（紊流）
（9）因为湍流现象是高度复杂的,所以至今还没有一种方法能够全面、准确地对所有流动问题中的湍流现象进行模拟,在涉及满流的计算中,都要对湍流模型的模拟能力及计算所需系统资源进行综合考虑后,再选择合适的清流模型进行模拟。 CFD模拟中采用的激流模拟方法包括Spalar-Allmars 模型、standard k-epsilon 模型、RNG (重整化群) kepsilon模型、 Realizable k-epsilon模型、v2-f模型、RSM (ReynoldsSress Modtel,雷诺应力模型)模型和LES (Large Eddy Simulation,大涡模拟)方法。
03 课程目录
41节正压通风-风量平衡
42节探针功能和数据报告
43节初始化设置问题
44节案例结果第二次打不开的问题
45节自然排烟问题 46节湍流方程选用原则
辐射空调案例
47节软件运行故障问题
48节课程总结及课程计划
瞬态模拟案例
复杂模型建模
C F D 理论基础 TEACHING CONTENT
CFD理论知识、流体概念、公式方程、边界条件、数值模拟方法和分类、CFD算法。

airpak3.0帮助文件第一部分中文tutorial-guide(中文)

airpak3.0帮助文件第一部分中文tutorial-guide(中文)Airpak3.0帮助文件办公室通风简介：这篇教程演示了如何使用Airpak在计算机上创建有两个人工作的办公室模型。

教程中你将会了解到：1.打开一个新的任务2.计算机模拟相对湿度分布的设置3.创建blocks，openings，vents，partitions和walls4.创建辐射影响的模型5.改变计算机计算的迭代次数（即为模型的细腻光滑程度，迭代次数越高模型效果越佳）6.初步计算出一个结果7.检查模型表面的轮廓和物体表面的迭量，以及横断面图8.跟踪空气入口粒子流轨迹9.通过仿真计算检查房间里舒适度的预测平均值（PMV-同一环境下绝大多数人的热感觉）和预测不满百分比（PDD-同环境下人群对热环境不满的百分比）先决条件：本教程假设你对Airpak软件没有太多经验，但是相对较熟悉软件界面，若不是请检阅第一张用户指南。

问题描述：该待仿真办公室共分为两大部分，每一部分包含一个坐在电脑前办公的人。

如图1.1 。

同时该办公室还有六个荧光灯、暖气、新风入口、回风口、窗户等。

通过对办公室表面温度和空气流速的剖面仿真，我们可以直观了解办公室整体的舒适度。

1.1：几何参数,导热性，窗户和扩散器的流动边界条件尺寸温度速度进气口气0.2 m *0.3 m 13.5℃0.85流属性m/s窗户属性3.65 m *1.16m30.9℃--- 1.2：热源的尺寸和性能热源尺寸功率墙挂式取暖1.2 m* 0.1 m*0.2 m1500 W人0.4 m *0.35m* 1.1 m75 W计算机1 0.4 m* 0.4 m*0.4 m108 W计算机2 0.4 m* 0.4 m*0.4 m173 W日光灯0.2 m *1.2 m*0.15 m34 W图1.1：通风问题所研究的办公室的几何参数步骤1：打开并定义一个新的工作1.启动Airpak，当软件打开后会主动弹出NEW/EXISTING选项卡。

祥鹏ICAO总结

1、正常情况，那么需要记清ATC指令，由于没有特情，问题会比较细或是比较隐蔽，可能是不太注意的方面，所以要记下每个信息。
2、非正常情况，遇到此种情况几率较大，现阶段题目有单发，鸟击，起落架有问题，襟翼不能放下（需要大速度进场，需要更长的跑道）等等。此种情况虽然听起来比较复杂，但是只要听清楚，问题相对简单。例如，飞机遇到什么特情？机组意图是什么？机组有什么请求，为什么有这种请求？飞机返场还是去备降场？等待程序是什么？使用哪条跑道？
一、听力选择题：
共20道题。
内容是专业相关或陆空对话，涉及到导航、飞机系统、气象和基础知识等，陆空对话涉及正常、非正常和紧急情形
技巧：
•看懂问题选项答案
•听的过程中寻找答案
•对数字需要做必要的记录
有些答案通过逻辑推理或专业知识可以直接找到
提示：尽可能快速阅读题目，如果不行干脆不读，在纠缠题目的同时，录音很快就会放完，而且录音语速特别快，超出平常训练的语速，有的甚至只有一句话，如果不能很好的提取信息，则很难作答。
2）这种情况下如果是你在飞，应该怎么办
如果不是事故图的话，也许会问些与图片相关的问题，如飞机构造，飞行原理等
考生一般可以按如下23个图准备
1）飞机液压系统，一副线路图，个人认为很难描述，建议扯到液压系统对飞行安全的重要性上
2）驾驶舱仪表图（此图出现率极小）
3）发动机参数图（此图出现率极小）
4）一个雷达屏幕，扫描出危险天气
你认为影响飞行安全的因素有哪些？
你怎么看CRM？
如果遇到特情，你是机长你怎么办？你是副驾驶你怎么办？
如果你是副驾驶你和机长意见不一致怎么办？
4、picture talking
一般会有一幅图片让你描述（最新的有四幅图一起出来，让你挑，然后描述）。

飞行保障问题清单

飞行保障问题清单
（实用版）
目录
1.飞行保障的重要性
2.飞行保障问题清单的内容
3.飞行保障问题清单的实施
4.飞行保障问题清单的效果
正文
飞行保障对于航空公司和飞行员来说至关重要，因为它涉及到飞行安全和航班的准时性。

飞行保障问题清单是一项重要的工具，用于确保飞行保障的顺利进行。

飞行保障问题清单的内容涵盖了飞行前、飞行中和飞行后所需的所有保障工作。

例如，清单中可能包括检查飞机的机械设备、燃油和航行系统，确保飞行员和地勤人员都接受了必要的培训，以及为航班提供准确的天气预报。

飞行保障问题清单的实施需要航空公司和飞行员之间的密切合作。

飞行员需要按照清单中的项目进行检查，并确保所有保障工作都已完成。

同时，航空公司需要提供必要的支持和资源，以确保飞行保障的顺利进行。

飞行保障问题清单的效果在于提高飞行安全和航班的准时性。

通过检查和落实清单中的所有项目，可以大大降低飞行事故的风险，并确保航班能够按时起飞和到达。

飞行保障问题清单是航空公司和飞行员的重要工具，用于确保飞行保障的顺利进行。

第1页共1页。