主动语态和被动语态的转换

第58天主动语态和被动语态的转换

[学习要点]

主、被动语态转换时的各种结构。

[家教点窍]

一、动词后面只有一个宾语，把此宾语改成主语即可。

二、动词带有直接宾语和间接宾语，通常可任意取其中一个作为主语而保留另一个宾语。

三、动词带有复合宾语，通常把宾语转换为主语，保留宾语补语。

四、短语动词在语态转换时，不能把短语分开。

五、若要强调动作的执行者，在句尾用by+动作承受者（宾格）。

[典型例题]

例1 把下面的句子改成被动语态。

Father bought me a new bike last month.

评析me是间接宾语，bike是直接宾语。若把直接宾语转换成主语，此时须在被保留的间接宾语之前加适当的介词。如动词为give、bring、leave、lend、teach等，通常加介词to，如动词为make、buy等，则用介词for。若把间接宾语转换成主语，则保留直接宾语。答案：I was bought a new bike(by father) last month. 或A new bike was bought to me(by father)last month。

例2 把下面的句子改成被动语态。

I found the map stolen this morning.

评析宾语为复合宾语，动作承受者the map转换成主语，保留宾语补语stolen。可作宾语补语的还有不定式、形容词和名词等。答案：The map was found stolen this morning.

例3 选择填空。

The boy was seenfrom the tree.

(A)fall (B)to fall (C)fell (D)fallen

评析在主动语态中省to的不定式在被动语态中不能省to，用于这一结构的动词有see, hear, make, have, feel等。答案选（B）。

例4 把下面的句子改成被动语态。

He must pay attention to the blackboard.

评析短语动词作谓语动词，在转换过程中不能略掉介词和副词，动作执行者要用by+宾格。答案：The blackboard must be paid attention to by him.

[强化训练]

一、把下面的句子改成被动语态。

1.She is writing the letter.

2.They had got the key before he came in.

3.Mother asked me to return that book.

4.People say that Tom is a good boy.

5.They were building a large factory at that time.

6.Tom often shows my mother a lot of photos.

7.They make little Tom walk up and down every day.

8.He will invitee you to the dinner, too.

二、用动词的适当形式填空。

1.The cityalready(develop) into an beautiful city, when I visit it last year.

2. Keep away from the walls, children. They(paint)now.

3.All the visitors(invite)to the party yesterday.

4.The girl never(beat)at tennis since 1991.

5.Did you find the person and he(steal) your camera?

6.All of us know that good medicine(taste)bitter(苦).

7.I’m used to(live)in this small room.

8.Even if I(invite), I won’t go to the party at Tom’s home.

9.he told us that he(join)the Party in 1954.

10.It(rain)hard when we got to the cinema. Mother(wait)for us for half an hour.

三、用括号里的名词或代词作主语将下列句子改成主动语态。

1.Rice is grown in the south of China.(people)

2.These photos were taken in their factory.(we)

3.Must the classroom be cleaned this afternoon?(the student)

4.I was asked where my father has gone?(they)

5.Many new schools have been built in my hometown in the past few years.(the workers)

6.Many color TV sets had been made in their village by the end of last year.(we)

7.A piano concert will be given in the Captital Theatre this evening. (a famous German pianist)

puters are used in many ways.(they)

9.He was heard to sing a foreign song last night.(Tom)

10.The baby was named Rose.(his father)

参考答案

一、1.The letter is being written by her. 2.The key had been got before he came in. 3.I was asked to return that book. 4.Tom is said to be a good boy. 5.A large factory was being built at that time. 6.My mother is often shown a lot of photos.

7.Little Tom is made to walk up and down every day. 8.You will be invited to the dinner,too.

二、1.had…been developed 2.are being painted 3.were invited 4.has…been beaten 5.had stolen 6.tastes 7.living 8.am invited 9.joined

10.was raining, had waited

三、1.People grow rice in the south of China. 2.We took these photos in our factory.

3.The students must clean the classroom this afternoon.

4.They asked me where my father had gone.

5.The workers have built many new schools in my hometown in the past few years.

6.We had made many color TV sets in our village by the end of last year.

7.A famous German pianist will give a piano concert in the Capital Theatre this evening.

8.They used computers in many ways.

9.Tom heard him sing a foreign son last night. 10.Father named his baby Rose.