高中定语从句讲解与练习

高中定语从句讲解与练

习

-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

定语从句专项讲解与练习

1、定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。PS:what 不能引导定语从句.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that.

2、掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：

①。指人时宜用who 的情况：

>①、当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those , these 时，关系代词用 who。

The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

Anyone who goes there will be punished.

These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

>②、在there be 开头的句子中。

There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.

There is a student who wants to see you.

>③、先行词后有一个较长的定语。

I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.

>④、一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

The student that won the first prize is the monitor who

>⑤、在非限定性定语从句中。

②。指物时宜用 that

>①、当先行词为 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。

All that can be done has been done.

>②、当先行词既指人又指物时。

He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.

>③、当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词 who , what , which 打头时。

Who that

>④、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is one of the best films

This is the best that can be done now.

>⑤、当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰时。

This is one of the very book

>⑥、关系代词在从句中作表语。

she used to be.

③。只能用

>①、引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。

Bruce went towards the fire, which

Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.

>②、关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

>③、 that，those作主语时

Those which are on the desk are English books.

④。关系代词 as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as 引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。

Which you know, he is a good man. (×)

As you know, he is a good man. (√)

⑤。关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which , for which等，可以互换：

The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.

I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come.

⑥。whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：

This is the book the cover of which / whose cover is blue.

⑦。有时可用that代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。

This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late.

⑧。先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。

The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.

He knows as many people

Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

3、考题训练。

［考题1］ We are living in an age ____ many things are done on computer.

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. when

［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词age，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。

［考题2］ The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.

A. until

B. that

C. when

D. where

［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词hours，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。

［考题3］ It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, ____ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup. （2000北京、安徽春）

A. that

B. while

C. which

D. when

［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词moment，其引导词在该定语从句中充当时间状语，因此只能填入关系副词when。

［考题4］ After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child. （1996）

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词town，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。

［考题5］ We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, ____ other visitors seldom go. （2002北京）

A. what

B. which

C. where

D. when

［解析］本题中下划线处所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词some other places，其引导词在该定语从句中充当地点状语，因此只能填入关系副词where。

［考题6］ I walked in our garden, ____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. （2005