非谓语动词的归纳

非谓语动词的归纳

一、单项选择非谓语动词

1．（北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.

A．ranging B．range

C．to range D．ranged

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析：句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。

考点：考查非谓语动词。

[名师点睛]

现在分词和过去分词的区别：

在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；

在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。

如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶

分词的作用

作定语

单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：

The sleeping boy is my son.

The excited people rushed into the building.

分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：

The girl standing under the tree is my niece.

The building built last year is our library.

过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists

作状语

现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.

As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)

Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.

Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).

Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)

He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)

He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)

注意：

选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：

（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。

分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。

作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.

The glass is broken.

作宾语补足语

分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：

I smell something burning.

I heard him singing the song.

I heard my name called.

作插入语

其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。

generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到

strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断

all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。

Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。

2．________on this report，the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent.

A．Having based B．Basing

C．Based D．To be based

【答案】C

【解析】

考查非谓语动词。be based on以……为基础。在句中作状语，故用其based。选C。

3．Don't turn a deaf ear to the advice which will make a ________to your future.

A．mess B．difference

C．fuss D．remark

【答案】B

【解析】

不要对能够对你未来产生影响的建议掩耳不闻。make a different to对什么有影响，是固定短语，所以选B。