视译材料

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视译补充材料(1)

视译―――顺句驱动口译是一项注重意义传递而非仅仅文字翻译的跨文化交际服务活动，其核心在于摆脱语言结构的束缚，“脱离语一言外壳”。

尤其在两种结构差异大的语言之间进行翻译更要抓住深层含义，不惜调整原文结构顺序以求译文符合受众语一言理解的习惯。

但是在视译和同声翻译中进行顺译时译员因受到语言结构差异的干扰，不得不按照句子成分出现的顺序进行断句并整合。

断句指的是不等听完整个句子，甚至才听到几个字就开始说出译文，如同把句子切开，按照听到的顺序，分段处理。

这与笔译原则大相径庭。

口译实战中应尽量争取依照原文的语序口译，以减轻译员压力。

要做到这一点，就需要断句，而断句靠变通，包括词性和句式的变通。

视译多用于法庭口译，也常用作训练同声翻译前的初阶练习，目的旨在使学生学会断句并迅速反应，提高口头表达能力。

视译分视阅口译（sight interpreting with text）和视听口译(sight interpreting with text while listening )。

视阅口译也就是边看边译（但还有准备和无准备区分）。

后者指带稿同传。

视阅口译融阅读理解、断句、记忆、口头翻译等技能于一体，要做到合理分配注意力不是一件容易的事。

边读边译需要译者按照出现的先后把句子切成小段（断句），先阅读到的内容先译，同时迅速转向下一个视幅（eye span），所及的部分，在口译时还需注意目标语的联惯性（coherence）和可接受性(acceptability)，也就是灵活整合。

尽管视译和交替传译的信息摄入渠道不同，但是经过视译训练强化的断句和灵活整合技能有助于提高本科生将复杂的句子“化繁为简”的能力，视译训练还有利于培养学生根据意义单位，进行逻辑分析和准确抓大意的能力，以及熟悉各种体裁模式进而进行预测的能力，最终改善口译表达能力，提高口译效率和质量。

I. Principles for singt interpretation1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。

联合国各个纪念日中英文对照视译材料集锦

材料使用说明：首先视译英文部分，对照中文译文找出难点与重点，并背诵重点语句；然后视译汉文部分，尽可能利用英文原句原词，做到学以致用；最后通读英文部分，进一步消化吸收重点语句。

国际青年日致辞2010年8月12日今年的国际青年日纪念活动还包括发起主题为―对话和相互了解‖的国际青年年。

在充满挑战的当今社会和经济环境，对青年必须给予格外关注。

87%的15岁至24岁的年轻人生活在发展中国家。

全球经济危机对年轻人的影响尤其严重；他们失去工作，即使低工资的工作都很难找到，接受教育的机会减少。

随着经济开始慢慢稳定，应将年轻人的需要放在首位。

这既是道义的需要，也是发展的需要。

而且，这也是一个机会：因为年轻人朝气蓬勃，可以激活疲软的经济。

我经常从我在世界各地遇到的年轻人表现出的善意、才华和理想主义中受到启发。

年轻人正在为我们消除贫困、遏制疾病蔓延、应对气候变化以及实现千年发展目标的工作作出重要贡献。

我呼吁会员国增加对年轻人的投资，以使他们能够作出更多的贡献。

在国际青年年期间，联合国和作为其合作伙伴的青年组织的重点将是鼓励不同代际、不同文化及宗教之间的对话和了解。

如今，不同民族和不同传统之间的接触比以往任何时候都更密切、更频繁，在这样一个世界中，年轻人必须学会如何认真倾听、同情他人、认可不同意见并有能力解决冲突。

没有什么工作比培养上述技能和对年轻人进行人权教育更重要，因为我们在年轻人身上看到的不仅是下一代领导人，而且是当今时代的重要利益攸关者。

我们还必须承认，老一辈人也可以从年轻人的经历和榜样中学到很多东西，因为年轻人是在一个相互联系速度不断加快的世界中成长起来的。

在发起国际青年年之际，让我们承认并庆祝年轻人为建设一个更安全、更公正的世界所能作出的贡献。

让我们加强努力，让年轻人参与有利于他们的未来和我们的未来的政策、方案和决策进程。

THE SECRETARY-GENERAL---MESSAGE ON INTERNATIONAL YOUTH DAY12 August 2010This year‘s commemoration of International Youth Day also marks the launch of the International Year of Youth, under the theme ―Dialogue and Mutual Understandi ng‖.Today‘s challenging social and economic environment warrant a special focus on youth. Eighty-seven per cent of people aged 15 to 24 live in developing countries. The global economic crisis has had a disproportionate impact on young people; they have lost jobs, struggled to find even low-wage employment and seen access to education curtailed. As economies slowly begin to stabilize, the needs of young people should be paramount.This is a moral imperative and a developmental necessity. But it is also an opportunity: the energy of youth can ignite faltering economies. I am regularly inspired by the good will, talent and idealism of the young people I meet across the world. They are making important contributions to our work to eradicate poverty, contain the spread disease, combat climate change and achieve the Millennium Development Goals. I call on Member States to increase their investments in young people so they can do even more. During the International Year, the United Nations and its youth organization partners will focus on the need to encourage dialogue and understanding across generations, cultures and religions. In a world in which different peoples and traditions are coming into closer, more frequent contact than ever before, it is crucial that young people learn how to listen intently, empathize with others, acknowledge divergent opinions, and be able to resolve conflicts. Few endeavors are more important than nurturing these skills, and educating young people about human rights, for in them we not only see the next generation of leaders, but also crucial stakeholders of today. Let us also recognize that older generations themselves stand tolearn a great deal from the experiences and examples of young people as they come of age in a world of accelerating interconnectedness.As we launch this International Year, let us acknowledge and celebrate what youth can do to build a safer, more just world. Let us strengthen our efforts to include young people in policies, programmes and decision-making processes that benefit their future and ours.秘书长国际青年日致词2008 年8 月12 日气候变化的科学很复杂，但事实却很简单：我们的世界将遇到麻烦。

口译视译材料

视译材料中常用到的经济类话题举例1 Fiat seems bent on world domination of the car industry. But these days that cannot be achieved without a production presence in China, which has suddenly found itself catapulted into the position of the world's largest vehicle market by the blood bath in the US car market.菲亚特似乎有意主宰全球汽车工业.但如今, 如果在中国没有生产业务, 这一点也无法实现. 随着美国汽车市场哀鸿遍野,中国突然发现自己已晋升为全球最大的汽车市场.2 So now comes news that the Italian car company is talking to one of Beijing's favourite Chinese carmakers, Guangzhou Automobile, about a production joint venture. This would get Fiat back into China, after the joint venture with Nanjing Auto fell apart in 2007.所以,现在有新闻报道,这个意大利汽车公司正与北京最热门的国产汽车制造商之一---广汽,商谈组建合资生产企业.这将带领菲亚特重回中国市场. 此前,该公司与与南京汽车的合资企业于07年解体.3 Fiat is not talking about its plans for China, the only current bright spot in the world car industry. But Guangzhou Auto yesterday confirmed to the Financial Times that it is talking to Fiat about technical co-operation that “would not exclude the possibility of forming a joint ve nture”. The outlines of a potential deal are there for all to see on the website of the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection, which posted a notice in March that Fiat and Guangzhou Auto are discussing a Rmb4.27bn ($626m) joint venture. The official Shanghai Securities News says the venture could be approved within weeks and would produce 140,000 vehicles and 220,000 engines annually from 2011.菲亚特并没有谈及其在中国的计划. 中国是目前全球汽车工业唯一一个亮点.但昨天, 广汽已向<<金融时报>>证实,目前它正与菲商谈技术合作事宜. 该技术合作将不排除组建合资公司的可能性. 中国环保局网站里公布了一个潜在合作意向的大纲, 并于三月份发布了一份公告,称菲和广汽正讨论设立一家总投资为人民币42.7亿元人民币（合6.26亿美元）的合资企业。

1516 口译课视译材料

2015-2016 口译课期末考试中译英视译材料1、Shanghai Disney Resort A很久以前,华特迪士尼公司创始人华特迪士尼先生梦想建造出比普通游乐园更激动人心的场所。

“那时两个女儿还小,一般星期六就是父亲日,我会带她们去坐旋转木马,到处玩耍。

我坐在旁边瞧时,突然有个想法,我觉得应该建造一个能让父母与子女共度欢乐时光的场所。

最终这个想法促成了迪士尼乐园的诞生。

”Once upon a time, Walt Disney-the founder of the Walt Disney Company-dreamed about building something much more exciting than a standard amusement park、“At that time, my two daughters were very young and Saturday was always daddy's day、So I'd take them to the merry-go-round and different places to play、As I sit while they rode the merry-go-round, I suddenly had an idea and I felt that there should be something built where parents and children could have fun together、And eventually this idea contributed to the birth of the Disneyland、”2、Shanghai Disney Resort B如今,上海迪士尼度假区以新颖特别的方式延续着这种精神,打造了全新的主题园区以及众多独一无二的游乐项目与体验,包括全球迪士尼主题乐园中最大的城堡。

视译材料[五篇范文]

视译材料[五篇范文]第一篇：视译材料尊敬的奇普曼所长，尊敬的里布利特所长，尊敬的白尔雅阁下，女士们，先生们，朋友们：大家早晨好！我十分高兴能够到这里来和英国皇家国际事务研究所和国际战略研究所的朋友们会面。

这两个所在世界上都是享有盛誉的，也可以说是顶级的智库，你们中任何一个智库都可以单独举办关于国际、地区、国家任何问题的研讨会。

但是我非常高兴的是，今天两个所联合在一起为我举办一场演讲会。

这说明各位对中国问题的关注，也表明你们的确有着丰富的智慧。

虽然每个人都有独立的思考，合在一起会有思想的碰撞，但是你们联合举办这场报告会，也表明了包容的心态。

我对大家表示钦佩。

包容可以说是人类文明进步的标志。

早在中国古代就有思想家明确地提出“和而不同”，“但和为贵”，不谋而合也就在这个时代，欧洲的先哲们提出了，回望人类历史发展的进程，应该是“和谐会产生正义与善”。

因为英国是最早实现工业化的国家，中国还是一个发展中国家。

当然，中国是一个有着13亿人口，正在推进现代化的国家，你们表示的关注也是对世界能不能包容的发展表示的关注。

但是对中国的看法有这样那样的说法，这也很正常，中国的古诗就说过，“横看成岭侧成峰”，即便是一座大山，你从不同的角度看，得出的会是不同的印象。

我今天力图给大家一个比较完整的印象来认识中国。

当然，中国之大、领土之多，不是短短时间能说明的。

中国30多年来，经过改革开放，特别是人民艰苦卓绝的努力。

我们解决了6亿人的贫困问题，这可以说是世界上公认的事实，让6亿人吃饱饭、穿暖衣，使他们拥有生存权，也使他们变的有尊严。

在这个过程当中，我们所付出的努力也是在开放中实现的，得到了国际社会的支持、帮助，包括在座朋友们的关心，中国是感谢的。

但与此同时我们也看到，中国有13亿人口，13亿人口的目标，坚定的意志是要实现现代化，这将是漫长的道路。

因为现在我们发展还是不平衡的，虽然中国经济总量是世界第二，但我们的人均GDP在80多位以后。

1516 口译课视译材料

“那时两个女儿还小,一般星期六就是父亲日,我会带她们去坐旋转木马,到处玩耍。

我坐在旁边瞧时,突然有个想法,我觉得应该建造一个能让父母与子女共度欢乐时光的场所。

最终这个想法促成了迪士尼乐园的诞生。

视译材料

Secretary-General’s Message for UN Day联合国日致辞New Y ork, 24 October 20112011年10月24日Days from now, the human family will welcome its seven billionth member.再过几天，人类大家庭将迎来第70亿个成员。

Some say our planet is too crowded. I say we are seven billion strong.有人说，我们这个星球过于拥挤。

我说，我们因有70亿之众而强大。

The world has made remarkable progress since the United Nations was born 66 years ago today.自联合国于66年前的今天诞生以来，世界取得了长足的进步。

We are living longer. More of our children survive. More and more of us live at peace, under democratic rule of law.我们活得更长，我们的婴儿存活率提高了，我们有越来越多的人生活在和平、民主与法治之中。

As we have seen in this dramatic year, people everywhere are standing up for their rights and human freedoms.正如我们在这个惊心动魄的一年中所看到的，世界各地的人们都在起来争取他们的权利和人的自由。

And yet, all this progress is under threat. From economic crisis. Rising joblessness and inequality. Climate change.但是，这一切进展都面临着威胁。

视译练习材料2

时代变迁（口译练习材料）1.1.I have certainly seen lots of changes in my lifetime! I look around my home and see 'mod cons' that I could never have dreamed of fifty or sixty years ago. I spent the early part of childhood in a cottage without running water or electricity and yet these days, I feel paralyzed if there is a power cut for even just an hour or two! So, I have changed too. Things that I couldn't even imagine in the past now seem quite normal.2. Businessmen can travel from London to New York in three hours and lots of people exceed the seventy-mile-per-hour speed limit on motorways. A person of 75 is not old these days. A serious illness does not mean certain death because there have been so many advances in medical science. We no longer need to be afraid of contracting （becoming infected）diseases like polio or smallpox.I can speak to my son in Australia from my own sitting room here in Manchester, watch athletes running a race on the other side of the world without moving from my own home and I can even do my shopping while I sit here in an armchair. I never need to worry about food going bad in the warm weather and, at the flick of a switch, I can have a hot meal in a couple of minutes. So, it seems, the quality of life has greatly improved since my own childhood.3. I'm not convinced, however, that people are happier today than they were 50 years ago. We are certainly materially better off than we were but most people still seem to be weighed down by problems. My daughter and her family are a good illustration. They have a spacious, comfortable home with every labour-saving device you can think of. There's a washing machine, a clothes dryer, a food processor, a vacuum cleaner and all sorts of other household items which are designed to save time but it seems to me that my daughter and her husband just spend all that'saved' time working! They never relax and are always complaining of being tired and 'stressed'. 4. Children these days have all sorts of 'educational toys' and yet they seem unable to amuse themselves. My daughter tries to limit the time her children spend watching television but when they aren't watching TV, they are miserable. They play with new toys for a day or two and then discard them once the novelty has worn off. When we were children, we had almost nothing but we were so inventive. We had all sorts of fun and games in the nearby woods. But, of course, children can't play safely outdoors any longer. There is so much crime and parents are afraid to let their children go out alone in case they are molested, kidnapped, raped or even murdered. These crimes may not be directly related to modern inventions but there must be some connection.5. The increased number of burglaries is definitely a result of the fact that we now have many more possessions for people to steal. When I was a child, we could leave our house unlocked when we went out. There was nothing that would be of any use to anyone! But even though I now live alone, I have all sorts possessions that are attractive to burglars - my radio, the TV, a video, a micro-wave cooker and so on. I don't keep cash at home though. These days there is no need for cash, is there? I just use cheques and credit cards. That's another major change, I suppose.6. There are all sorts of new inventions and I'm surprised how easily an old lady like me adjusts. I always thought I'd never be able to use a telephone but now I couldn't live without one. My daughter often suggests that I should have a computer. I can't imagine that, yet one never knows! I used to think 'that you can't teach an old dog new tricks' but I have to admit I have learned lots of new 'tricks' in my old age. It's essential to move with times I suppose. I do feel sense of nostalgia about the past yet I rather enjoy the convenience of Britain in the 1990's!生活的变化我一生中当然看到了生活中的很多变化。

视译训练材料

瑞士“火箭人”成功飞越美国大峡谷Swiss 'JetMan' makes Grand Canyon flightA Swiss adventurer has finally made a "historic" jetpack-powered flight above the Grand Canyon, organizers claimed Tuesday, days after he canceled a bid saying he had not trained enough.Yves Rossy, dubbed "JetMan," completed the eight-minute flight at the weekend, his support team said in a press release four days after Friday's failed attempt, which journalists had been invited to watch.Pictures and videos released by organizers showed him being dropped from a helicopter and then soaring above the world-famous landmark, hisjet-pack wing strapped to his back, before deploying a parachute to land on the canyon floor.He flew at speeds of up to 190 mph (304 kilometers an hour), skimming the rockscape just 200 feet (65 meters) above the rim of the canyon, the statement said."My first flight in the US is sure to be one of the most memorable experiences in my life, not only for the sheer beauty of the Grand Canyon but the honor to fly in sacred Native American lands," Rossy was quoted as saying."Thank you Mother Nature and the Hualapai Tribe for making my lifelong dreams come true," he said according to the press release, referring to the Native American tribe over whose territory he made the flight.On Friday the 51-year-old -- who has previously flown across the English Channel between Britain and France and over the Swiss Alps -- invited media to a remote spot on the Grand Canyon's western end to watch his flight.But at the last minute he announced he had only just been given formal Federation Aviation Authority (FAA) approval to fly, and had therefore not had enough time to train.On Tuesday Rossy's organizers stressed that the FAA delay had prevented him from flying last Friday, adding that he had made the successful flight over the weekend, without announcing it to journalists who attended Friday's attempt."It was his date with destiny, and ultimately the uniquely complex certification process could not prevent (Rossy) from making his historic flight through Grand Canyon West this past weekend."组织者本周二称，瑞士探险家伊夫•罗西身背喷气动力翼，成功飞越美国科罗拉多大峡谷。

L20 视译

Eg.
Japan surrendered in 1945 after Americans dropped two atom bombs. 日本人在1945年投降了。日本人在年投降了美国人投了两颗原子弹后。日本人投降了，那是在1945年，在这之前，美日本人投降了，那是在年在这之前，国人投了两颗原子弹。国人投了两颗原子弹。 Resisting the Temptation of Seeking Perfection ！
2.Skills Presentation What is Sight Interpreting?
Sight interpretation consists of reading a sourcesourcelanguage text aloud in the target language. language.
1. Warm-up activity—Sentence interpreting Warm- activity— E-C： 1.China would view two things threatening to China regarding Taiwan：one would be ： Taiwan declaring independence；the other ； would be the intervention by foreign force．．在台湾问题上中国认为有两件事情对中国具有威胁性：第一是台湾宣布独立，胁性：第一是台湾宣布独立，第二是外国势力的干涉。干涉。
The Important Skill of Sight Interpretation
Linearity （顺句驱动）顺句驱动）
1.视译练习与同声传译的相似之处： 1.视译练习与同声传译的相似之处：

视译方法及材料(E-C)

政府当局和民间社会日益受到（W）跨国犯罪、毒品、洗钱和恐怖主义网络的威胁。
9.The global economy can be hard on those unable to benefit from its opportunities.
全球经济（W）对无法获益于这种机会的人来说，也可能相当严酷。
这项改革方案的成功还需要（W）同会员国通力合作。
三、顺句驱动原则
1. I come to China at an important time.
我到中国来访问，正逢一个重要的时刻。（我是在一个重要时刻来到中国的。）
2. They built the bridge in two months.
亚太地区已成为一支主要力量，推动着世界经济的增长。
二、等待
1. There remains a sizable gap between aspiration and accomplishment.
（W）愿望与成果之间仍有相当大的差距。
2. We know that oxygen is necessary for the breathing of animals and plants, and for burning.
融入国际贸易的速度，就最不发达国家而言，一直是缓慢的。
6. Several more fundamental proposals are advanced for consideration by the General Assembly for possible action in the longer term.
能力建设是（W）全球发展议程的首要问题。
5.Ten years later we were one of the first West European countries to recognize the People’s Republic of China.

视译4

1.视译这个步骤就是大家眼睛看着中文翻译回英文，以口述的方式即可。

目的是进一步熟悉英文，查漏补缺一些没有发现的地方，体会中英两种文字的对比不同。

2.视译后，为巩固效果，建议大家再朗读英文原文2遍！①The future 未来②Two-faced 双面神③AI will mainly be good for business, but mind the pitfalls人工智能对商业益处多多，但也要当心陷阱①Mention artificial intelligence, and most people will think of robots. ②But a more fitting image may be that of Janus, the Roman god of beginnings, transitions and endings, who has two faces looking in opposite directions. ③On one side are the positive changes that AI will bring, enabling people to achieve more, far more quickly, by using technology to enhance their existing skills. ④Recruiters will be able to pinpoint the best candidates more easily, and customer-service staff will be able to handle queries faster. ⑤Jobs that never existed before could be created. ⑥And getting machines to do routine work can make professional lives more fulfilling and stimulating.提到人工智能，大多数人会想到机器人，但更贴切的形象可能是雅努斯（Janus）——罗马神话中的开端、过渡和结局之神，他有前后两张面孔。

英语视译材料及译文

英语视译材料及译文2014年，中国政府积极推进发展理念和制度创新，采取有效措施保障公民获得公平发展的机会，让更多人分享改革发展的“红利”，促进公民的经济、社会和文化权利得到更好保障。

In2014theChinesegovernmentpromoteddevelopmentconceptsandsyst emsinnovation,adoptedeffectivemeasurestoguaranteecitizens’accesstofair development,hadmorepeopletosharethefruitofreformanddevelopment,and betterprotectedthepeople’seconomic,socialandculturalrights.人民生活有新的改善。

2014年，中国国内生产总值比上年增长7.4%，经济运行处于合理区间。

中西部地区经济增速快于东部地区。

城镇新增就业1322万人，高于上年。

全年粮食产量60710万吨，比上年增加516万吨。

People’slivingstandardfurtherimproved.China’sGDPin2014increased by7.4percentoverthepreviousyear,andtheeconomyoperatedwithinanapprop riaterange.TheeconomicgrowthincentralandwesternChinawasfasterthanthat intheeast.Asmanyas13.22millionnewurbanjobswerecreated,morethanthatin 2013.Thetotaloutputofgrainwas607.1milliontons,anincreaseof5.16millionto nsoverthepreviousyear.南水北调中线一期工程通水，京津冀等地6000万群众喝上了长江水。

Biofuels——视译课程材料(南开翻硕)!

语段视译练习Homeless Man Returns Lost WalletSANTA ANA – When Kim Bogue lost her wallet last week, she had little hope that she'd recover it or the $900 and bundle of credit cards inside. With a team of co-workers, she twice searched the Santa Ana civic buildings where she works as a janitor. They pulled bags from dumpsters, rummaged through offices, and checked all the bathrooms, but found nothing. "I was sick all weekend." said Bogue, who was saving the money for a trip to Thailand, her home country.That same weekend, a homeless man who roams the Santa Ana civic buildings also was searching for something. He made his routine visit to the trash bins nearby to look for aluminum cans. Instead, he found Bogue's wallet wrapped in a plastic bag. That Monday, the man, who declined to be identified, gave the money to Sherry Wesley who works in one of the buildings. "He came to me with the wad of money and said 'This probably belongs to someone that you work with, can you return it?'"Bogue received a call from her boss with the good news. Someone recovered her wallet after she accidentally tossed it in the trash with her lunch. "I couldn't believe it when they called me," she said. "He has a very good heart. If someone else found it, the money would be gone."Grateful, Bogue gave the man a $100 reward, which he split with Wesley. She gave the money to her church. While the money would serve as a tempting find, especially for a homeless man, Wesley said the man's actions did not surprise her. "I know he has got the biggest heart," she said. "Somebody like that who is so down on their luck and willing to help someone out is a rare thing."语篇视译练习Biofuels – the green alternative for transportKey note speech at the International Biofuels ConferenceAndris Piebalgs, Energy CommissionerBrussels, 5 July 2007Ministers, Ladies and Gentlemen, Distinguished Guests,It is a great pleasure for me to be speaking at this significant event. In my address today, I would like to cover three key questions:♦Why are biofuels important?♦What is the European Union doing to promote them?, and♦Why do we need to work together at international level in this policy area?…International cooperation for promoting biofuelsThis brings me to the last point I would like to cover: why do we need to work together at international level as we develop our biofuel policies?One important reason is that we expect and hope to see an increase in global trade in biofuels and in biofuel feedstock. Now, as far as the EU is concerned, I should point out that we could –if we had to –fulfill our 10% target for 2020 entirely through domestically produced biofuels –notably, by using "set-aside" agricultural land and by reducing the rate at which arable land is being abandoned in the EU. This approach would imply only a small increase in agricultural commodity prices – a matter of a few percentage points.However, even if this approach is technically possible, it is not the one that we want to follow. We think that this purely domestic sourcing of biofuels is neither likely – given current trade rules, and the increased trade liberalization we hope to see in future –nor desirable. Instead, we aim at a "balanced approach" under which domestically produced biofuels and imports will both contribute to meeting the EU's growing needs.We are keen to work constructively with other countries, regions and international organizations to create the necessary framework for this increased trade in biofuels. We need to ensure that our biofuel standards, and those of our main trading partners, create no unnecessary obstacles. With the European Committee on Standardization, we convened an international conference on this topic in February. This set out a roadmap for our future work on internationally compatible biofuel standards. We will continue to work vigorously to implement this. We also need to work for convergence on biofuel sustainability – both on the minimum standards that will be set for biofuel use in each country or region, and for the procedures to be used to verify these.But trade issues are not the only reason for working together. A wider principle of solidarity is also at play, because when one country or region adopts a sustainable policy of biofuel development, everyone gains.We all gain from the consequent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.We all gain as biofuels become an increasingly credible alternative to oil-based fuels in the transport market.We all gain from the emergence of new opportunities for economic development in rural areas.And we all gain because each country's experience offers lessons that others can draw on. At EU level we have learnt a lot from the pioneering efforts of certain Member States, from Brazil and from others internationally. We must, and we will, plan our biofuels policies to take advantage of these benefits from international cooperation.Ladies and gentlemen,For all these reasons, the European Commission is committed to giving a strong international dimension to its work on biofuels. This conference is a signal of this commitment and an important step in taking it forward.Biofuels are not the panacea for all our energy problems. But they are an essential component of our future approach to energy policy, and a way to make sure that the transport sector plays its full part in our efforts to tackling global warming and to diversify fuel sources. It is exciting to see so many people gathered here today. I look forward with great interest to the lessons that we will be able to learn over the next day and a half of discussions.Thank you for your attention.。

英语视译材料

58VITAL SPEECHES OF THE DAY“THE LOST SPIRIT OF COMMON CAUSE”Address by JEFF KINDLER, Chairman and CEO, PfizerDelivered to the Confederation of British Industry, London, England, Nov. 23, 2009G ood afternoon. Pfizer is a proud member of the Brit-ish business community. We began operations here in 1952, the year that Queen Elizabeth came to the throne. Following a recent acquisition, I am proud to say that Pfizer is now the largest supplier of medicines to the National Health Service.Our ties to the United Kingdom were born in the hour that forever sealed the friendship between your country and mine. In the years between the two World Wars, a mir-acle drug was discovered—penicillin. It was the first real defense against bacterial infection, and it held the promise of saving millions of lives on the fields of battle. But pro-ducing that miracle was slow and laborious.As the Battle of Britain raged, and the bombs of the Luft-waffe landed, just yards from where we now stand, peni-cillin was still being produced one dose at a time. It took precious time—time that the Allies simply did not have. So the British and American governments issued an urgent appeal to chemical manufacturers: Help us find a way to make more penicillin, faster.Pfizer stepped up, and our scientists soon discovereda way to mass-produce it. We bought an old ice plant in New York, and our employees worked around the clockto convert it into a penicillin factory. Our chairman posted a sign that read, “The faster this building is completed,the quicker our wounded men get penicillin, the new life-saving drug.”Within four months, Pfizer was producing five times more penicillin than originally anticipated. In the end, more than 90 percent of the penicillin that the Allied forces carried ashore on D-Day was made by Pfizer.This story still inspires our people today, and not just because we are proud that our company contributed to the war effort. It inspires us because it recalls a time when countries, and governments, and businesses came together, in common cause, for something larger than themselves. The Lost Spirit of Common CauseIt was a time when everyone trusted everyone else to do the right thing. It’s a time that today seems very long ago indeed, because that spirit of trust and common cause has evaporated. It’s up to all of us to earn it back, starting now.Today’s theme is “The Shape of Things to Come.” But for many of us in business and in government, the shape of things to come may not be the same as the shape of things that we want to come. If we fail to change, then the shape of things to come will not be pretty, for our companies or for society as a whole. And if you think you’re exempt, you are wrong.If we fail to change, then the real and legitimate anger that people around the world are feeling will lead to policy changes that could damage the competitiveness of the U.K., Europe, and the United States and put the long-term pros-perity of our people at risk. Elected officials will be defeated, and businesses will face limits on their licenses to operate.We’re already starting to see this. Over time, it will mean lost opportunities for the private sector innovation that can create jobs and rebuild the economy.The reason is clear: In Europe and the United States, nearly two-thirds of people say they trust corporations less now than they did a year ago. The numbers are even worse for governments. But we can turn things around, and earn back trust … and that’s what I’d like to talk about today.Now, if you read the papers, you may know that my company recently paid a very significant fine on a compli-ance charge in the U.S.So you’re probably asking yourself, “Jeff, who are you to talk about trust?” That’s a fair question. That case centered around some of our sales people improperly promoting one of our medicines for uses that the U.S. government had not authorized.As a result, we were prosecuted, and we pleaded guilty to a felony. We paid the U.S. government $1.8 billion dol-lars to settle the case, and another $500 million to address other pending civil matters.We announced the final settlement in September. It was a blow to our employees. It didn’t reflect the company they know. Our friends and family members asked us all, “What is going on at Pfizer?” The real question was usually left unsaid: Is Pfizer no different from the countless other insti-tutions that have violated the public’s trust?Lately, it seems to be happening more and more. Just over the past year, an accounting scandal forced out the Speaker of the House of Commons. That hasn’t happened since 1695. In the U.S., the Illinois Governor was arrested, impeached, and thrown out of office for influence ped-dling. A member of Congress was convicted of accepting bribes and storing the cash in his freezer.Business hasn’t done any better, from reckless risks with other people’s money, to Ponzi schemes, to insider trad-ing, and more. Many large banks and automakers now owe their very existence to bailouts that taxpayers paid for. The people we serve are angry because the companies that failed over the past year were rewarded, and regular people59 jEFF KINDLERhad to pay for it.It’s been “a year unlike any other,” as the public relations firm Edelman called it in their “Trust Barometer” survey. That survey showed levels of trust in business and govern-ment dropping to new lows.It’s easy to see why. Across society, people have cometo believe that the rules meant to bring order to society instead are manipulated to benefit the rule-makers. It has become so widespread that having questionable ethics is practically seen as the norm. In fact, doing the right thing now seems quaint and old-fashioned when so many people seem to get away with doing the wrong thing.People have had enough, and the backlash is real. It’s fueling demands for more restrictions on business and gov-ernments. People say, “Banks should risk less, and pay their executives less. Oil companies should drill less, and burn less. Drug companies should charge less, but not do lessR&D.” Sometimes, this criticism is warranted. Sometimes, it’s not. But when the majority of people don’t trust you, they’ll find a way to force you to change.It’s Up to Us to Earn Back TrustSo this is where we are. And it’s up to us to earn back the trust that we’ve lost. It will take a lot of time and ener-gy. We have to start by letting people know, “we hear you.” This new era of responsibility starts with acknowledging where we’ve gone wrong, showing that we’re making real changes, and demonstrating that we are willing to work to-gether to address society’s most urgent problems.At Pfizer, we’ve begun to change. We know we needto be straight with people. No one has any tolerance for corporate spin. So, we’re disclosing more information than ever. You can go to the Web to see how we compensate doctors outside our company, the progress our scientists are making, the results of more than 1,000 trials of ex-perimental new medicines, and the outcomes of studies of medicines that are already on the market.We’ve changed the way our salespeople interact with physicians. The golf trips are long gone. No more fancy dinners, or tchotchkes left in the doctor’s office. Fewer representatives in the waiting room, more training, and a greater focus on providing up-to-date information about the medicines physicians prescribe.Meanwhile, we’re expanding our work for people who cannot afford our medicines. Seventy percent of the world lives on less than $3,000 a year—four billion people. In the past, we’ve reached them through philanthropy. As just one example, Pfizer has given away 87 million treatments of Zithromax over the past few years to treat the infections that cause blindness in poor countries. This has helped eliminate trachoma, the leading cause of preventable blind-ness, in many places. In fact, the WHO has set a goal of eliminating this terrible disease from the entire Earth by 2020, and we’re going to help make that happen.But we know that philanthropy alone isn’t enough. So we’ve also created a new business dedicated to creating a marketplace, one that’s not dependent on charity, and that will provide people living in the developing world with af-fordable medicines in a socially responsible and sustainable way. And we’ve created another business to expand access to generic medicines around the world.These are all important changes. They are the right thing to do. But we have to do more.***We completed our $68 billion acquisition of Wyeth last month. It was the first major M&A deal since the economy collapsed in September of last year. The combination cre-ated a much larger and more diversified health care com-pany. It gave us a unique scale and global reach. It gave us an unmatched portfolio of health care solutions for every stage of life, from pre-natal vitamins and infant formula, to vaccines and preventive care, to treatments for Alzheimer’s.We’re obviously very excited about the greater ability to make a real difference. But we also stepped back and asked ourselves some fundamental questions. That’s something we all should do regularly.Making CommitmentsWe asked ourselves: How can we uniquely serve the world’s health needs? What can we do that no other compa-ny can do? And what responsibilities come along with that?At Pfizer, we’ve made seven commitments to ourselves and to the people we serve, who are all of you. They are unique to what we do, and no other company could make them.First, we have committed to advancing wellness, pre-vention, treatments and cures, because health is one of the most important investments a society can make. It’s time to move beyond simply helping people get better after they get sick. Shouldn’t we help them keep from getting sick in the first place?Most of us try to take care of ourselves first, before going to see a doctor. This usually starts with products like Robi-tussin for cough and cold, or Anadin for the aches and pains the weekend rugby warrior gets from overdoing it. When people take care of themselves in these ways, they feel better. They also reduce the burdens on health systems, and that saves money for all of us. So as a society, we have to do more to advance health and wellness at every stage of life.As a society, we have to do more to advance healthand wellness at every stage of life. For babies, this means improving nutrition, especially from birth to age two, the critical window for growth and behavioral development.For children, wellness can mean a vaccine that can pre-vent invasive pneumococcal diseases, such as meningitis. Wellness means getting this vaccine on national immuniza-tion programs because these preventable diseases take the lives of up to one million children every year, before they even reach age five.Wellness means recognizing that vaccines aren’t just for children. They can help adults too.FEBRUARY 201060VITAL SPEECHES OF THE DAYIn fact, European regulators are now reviewing a new ver-sion of our pneumococcal vaccine that can prevent infections that are resistant to current treatments. This will be a major advance, and we hope one day to extend it to help older adults who are susceptible to life-threatening infections.Our second commitment is to bring the best scientif-ic minds together to challenge the most feared diseases of our time. Solutions are within reach to some of the world’s most serious health problems. Biopharmaceutical companies around the world are now studying more than 860 potential new medicines to treat cancer. More than 2,000 medicines are now being studied to treat the condi-tions that affect older people, including Alzheimer’s. It’s a terrible condition, yet science knows relatively little about it. Our researchers come to work every day to advance this science, hoping to help the people they love by one day finding new ways to treat Alzheimer’s, and even prevent it.And when we can’t quite do it alone, we’ll even join with our competitors to advance science and health. We did that earlier this year when we split off our HIV business. GSK did the same, and we combined them together to create a new specialty health care company, called Viiv Healthcare. Viiv will be able to seek new health solutions in ways that neither company could do alone.Third, we have committed to setting the standard for quality, safety, and the value of medicines. If we ask people to put our products in their bodies, then people de-serve to know they are safe, that they work, and that they are worth it.We do this through a world class medical organization. But our work extends beyond the medicines we make, be-cause a global economy requires us to be vigilant to ensure that people are protected from counterfeit medicines.One British newspaper reported that as many as eight million counterfeit pills may have made their way to NHS patients last year. In fact, the World Health Organization estimates that about 30 percent of all prescription drugs on the market are fake. Most people don’t know that, so we’re trying to get the word out.You might have seen the advertisements that Pfizerran in cinemas here in the U.K. earlier this year. The ads showed the dangers of counterfeit medicines, and we de-liberately made them shocking. One showed a man tak-ing a pill and then coughing up a dead rat, because some counterfeit drugs contain traces of rat poison.We’re also working on enforcement, partnering with cus-toms officials and the Home Office border agency to police the supply of medicines coming into the U.K. The health and safety of the people who use our products depends on it.Fourth, we have committed to using our global presence and scale to make a difference in local com-munities and the world around us. Selling medicines is not enough. People expect us to respect and support their communities, to act ethically, to practice environmental stewardship, and to support responsible public policies.Here in the United Kingdom, these include policies such as those outlined by the Office of Life Sciences in the Blue-print that Lord Drayson, Lord Mandelson, and others have advanced. This plan aims to create jobs and strengthen the British economy, by improving the operating environment for the life sciences sector. It grew out of a close partner-ship between Government and industry, one that aims to support the NHS in its drive for innovation, and deliver a higher standard of care for the British people. The plan is in its early stages, but I hope it will prove to be a model of productive cooperation between business and Government.Fifth, we have committed to promoting curiosity, inclusion, and a passion for our work. Together, these traits generate the scientific innovation that leads to new treatments and cures.For example, we have one group of scientists who are studying a genetic condition that keeps people from being able to feel pain. You see this in parts of the world where people are able to walk on burning hot coals without feel-ing any pain. This can badly disable the people livingwith it. So we are working to identify the genetic defect that triggers this. The science behind this unique and rare medical condition could unlock new solutions to help mil-lions of people who live with chronic pain. That would be a tremendous medical advance.And it all starts with curious scientists, working in a place that encourages learning about diverse cultures, and bringing deep passion to their work.Sixth, we have committed to being a leading voice for improving everyone’s ability to have reliable and af-fordable health care. It’s the right thing to do morally and economically.In every part of the world, we have a responsibility to work in partnership with governments and NGOs to ex-pand access to quality care. Let me highlight some ways we’re doing this.In emerging economies such as China, living standards could improve by a hundred fold, within just a single generation. So China has launched a massive reform effort to expand access to care, particularly in its remote areas beyond the large eastern cities. This will create more need for more doctors and researchers. So, Pfizer is helping train scientists at Fudan University and the Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences.In Bangladesh, we’re working with Professor Muham-mad Yunus, to expand access to health care using the model of Grameen Bank. That’s the micro-finance bankhe founded to help entrepreneurs obtain loans, start small businesses, and lift themselves out of poverty. This is the first step toward better health, and we want to help take the next one.And around the world, we’re working with former U.S. President Bill Clinton’s foundation to reduce the cost and expand the availability of an important antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS.61 RUPERT MURDOCHFinally, we have committed to maximizing our fi-nancial performance so we can meet all of our commit-ments to all who rely on us. This may be the most impor-tant commitment, because all the others depend on it. We can meet the other commitments only if we deliver strong and sustainable business performance.In much of health care, this matters because only private business can do what we do. That’s because since World War II, the ability to manufacture medicines on a vast scale, and distribute them widely, has been the single most significant improvement in health care. But the research and development that leads to new and clinically relevant advances is painstakingly slow.While we are taking clear steps to improve our R&D efficiency, bringing a new medicine to market still takes more than a decade, and costs more than $1 billion. For every one medicine that makes it, another 10,000 research projects fail along the way. That’s simply the reality of sci-ence, and only a for-profit business can take on risks like this. Because no public official could tell voters, “We failed 10,000 times and succeeded once.” They’d lose the next election 10,000 votes to one.But for us, this is just how business works. Because the risks are so high, the companies and the investors that take them deserve to be compensated for them. That’s why we have to maximize the financial performance of our busi-ness. Everything we do depends on it.We’ve said to our stakeholders: Here are our commit-ments. Measure us not by what we say, but by what we do.Our success depends on scientific advancement, bring-ing relevant new products to a changing global market-place, and strong business performance overall. But it de-pends just as much on the type of business we run and on whether people trust us. That’s an important reason why we have made these commitments.We know the stakes are high. If we don’t do what we say we’ll do, we’ll lose trust even further. Then we could lose customers or face more legal problems. But most of all, everyone will lose out on new opportunities to add more years to people’s lives and life to their years.This is not unique to Pfizer. It’s true for you too, what-ever industry or public office you’re in. So it’s up to eachof us to earn back trust. Everyone has a role, even if you didn’t contribute to the problem.Step one, is to acknowledge that there is a problem. Then, we all have to demonstrate our commitment to do-ing things differently, by taking actions that focus beyond our bottom line to serving society as a whole.The British and the American people want a return to the days when countries, governments, and businesses came together in common cause, for something larger than them-selves. It’s up to us to make this happen. It’s the right thing to do, and our success depends on it, even our survival.I believe this very deeply, and that is why I am grateful to everyone at the Confederation of British Industry for inviting me here today to share these thoughts.“THE BASIC TRUTH REMAINS”Address by RUPERT MURDOCH, Chairman and CEO, News Corporation Delivered at a workshop of the U.S. Federal T rade Commission, New York, N.Y., Dec. 1, 2009T hank you, Chairman Leibowitz, for that very kind introduction. You and Commissioners Harbour, Kovacic, and Rosch are to be commended for holding this timely and important workshop.I particularly want to thank you for inviting me. It isa credit to this Agency that a wide variety of views are represented here today. Clearly the FTC recognizes thata diversity of viewpoints is vital to debate in a free and open democracy. I appreciate the opportunity to speak to such a distinguished audience. And I am pleased that this workshop is being carried by webcast, so that many more Americans might participate.We have just heard two excellent reports on the history and current state of journalism from Rick Edmonds and Paul Steiger. That leaves me to talk about my favorite topic: the future of journalism. For a newsman like me—whose company’s assets include print, television, film and digital news properties—this is a particularly compelling subject.We meet at a time when many news enterprises are shutting down or scaling back. No doubt you will hear some at this workshop tell you that journalism is in dire shape, and the triumph of digital is to blame.My message to you is just the opposite. The future of journalism is more promising than ever—limited only by editors and producers unwilling to fight for their readers and viewers, or government using its heavy hand either to over-regulate us or subsidize us.From the beginning, newspapers have prospered for one reason: the trust that comes from representing their read-ers’ interests and giving them the news that’s important toFEBRUARY 2010Copyright of Vital Speeches of the Day is the property of McMurry Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.。

8、口译中的视译（优秀范文五篇）

8、口译中的视译（优秀范文五篇）第一篇：8、口译中的视译口译基础知识与技巧8 口译中的视译技巧视译前译员通常可以拿到讲话稿，多数情况下译员需和说话人同时传递信息，也可称为有稿同传。

虽然比无稿同传要轻松，但译员的口译要更加准备，信息要更加完整。

首先，时间充裕的情况下，可以通过不同渠道如网络了解相关背景知识，查询所涉及的专业词汇的表达方法。

其次，在讲话稿上要做相应的处理，如：(1)尽管原稿已有标点符号作为自然分截点，译员要利用斜线以译文的要求再次断句。

(2)若原文顺序与译文顺序不符，标出需要调整的位置和部分。

(3)找出表达成目的语时所要求的句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语等。

(4)找出关键信息，如数字、重要的专有名词等，甚至标出表达方式。

(5)找出译文的句子之间的逻辑关系。

另外，视译中要注意速度尽量均匀，而不是碰到好表达的就速度加快，这样容易造成后面的停顿过多。

要注意注意力分配，口中在表达前一句时，眼睛应尽量滑动到下一句了。

从句法的角度来看，视译（口译），尤其是英译汉，通常遵循顺句驱动的原则。

由于口译中译员接受信息时是按时间顺序逐步进行的，即ABCD，但可能翻译入语的表达习惯是CABD，可是又不允许译员有过多的停顿，所以译员还要尽量按照ABCD的顺序来口译。

在口译句(1)、(2)、(3)时通常采取译文(1)的翻译方法，而若是笔译可能多采用译文(2)。

(1)One great benefit of the web is that it allows us to move information online that now reside in paper form.译文(1)：网络的重大优势之一是，它允许我们把信息放在网络上，而这些信息现在是出现在纸上。

译文(2)：网络的重大优势之一是，它允许我们把那些现在纸上的信息放在网络上。

分析：若按顺句的原则，句(1)中that引导的定语从句独立成句，但需要重复原文定语从句的先行词information，口译时并添加相应的指示语，即“这些信 1 息”，以保证连贯。

视译材料

• 7. Scientists report that hunting or eating wild animals not only destroy the balance of nature, but also run the risk of being infected by virus from animals.
• 9. If you have yet to appoint a new sales manager in chargeБайду номын сангаасof our L.A. office, Mrs. Coleman was born there and has good connections.
• 10. Suppose the gasoline tank of your car holds 20 gallons and you average 16 miles to the gallon, how far can you drive on a tank full of gasoline?
• 3. Keeping a business firm running is far more difficult than starting it. According to current statistics, 2/3 of new business firms will fail in the first five years.
视译基本方法
• • • • • 阅读技巧（快速阅读技巧）抓住中心思想准确把握结构正确理解词义百科知识
• 使用翻译方法（直译、意译、归化、异化） • 运用翻译技巧（增补、省略、词性转换、肯否转换、词义引申） • 达到翻译标准（信、达、雅）

视译补充材料

各位同学请注意：今天的学习任务是1) 先将一、二、三部分复习一遍并融会贯通；2）按视译步骤练习第三部分, 完不成的课下自己抽时间完成3）看录像片（也在自主学习模块中）4）请大家录制88篇英文短文作为记忆训练和口译训练材料I．Principles and techniques for sight interpretationPrinciples:1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。

e.g. 所有人//都可以借助互联网资源//来学习，//不论他们是哪个民族、//何种性别、//何种肤色，//只要他们可以介入互联网。

All //can study // by relying on internet recourses// regardless of their races, //nationalities//and sex//providing that they could have access to the internet.2. Readjustment 随时调整指译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错误、补充漏译的重要环节。

Our national report will be presented to the secretarait between now and Kyoto.3. Anticipate 适度超前指口译过程中的预测技能，就是再还不完整的情况下，译员靠自己的能力、知识及临场经验，预测发言人可能要讲的内容而进行超“前翻译”，从而赢得时间，紧跟发言人进行同步翻译。

e.g.套话口译: …我谨代表…//对与会代表表示热烈欢迎//并预祝本次大会…(取得圆满成功)//Please allow me to be on behalf of …to extend our warmest welcome to the participants of this conference…and wish the conference a success4. Reformulation 信息重组信息重组是同声传译的总策略，因为中英文语言差别比较大，很难做到一一对应地口译，视译时，英遵循“信息”的原则。

视译补充材料(1)

视译―――顺句驱动口译是一项注重意义传递而非仅仅文字翻译的跨文化交际服务活动，其核心在于摆脱语言结构的束缚，“脱离语一言外壳”。

尤其在两种结构差异大的语言之间进行翻译更要抓住深层含义，不惜调整原文结构顺序以求译文符合受众语一言理解的习惯。

但是在视译和同声翻译中进行顺译时译员因受到语言结构差异的干扰，不得不按照句子成分出现的顺序进行断句并整合。

断句指的是不等听完整个句子，甚至才听到几个字就开始说出译文，如同把句子切开，按照听到的顺序，分段处理。

这与笔译原则大相径庭。

口译实战中应尽量争取依照原文的语序口译，以减轻译员压力。

要做到这一点，就需要断句，而断句靠变通，包括词性和句式的变通。

视译多用于法庭口译，也常用作训练同声翻译前的初阶练习，目的旨在使学生学会断句并迅速反应，提高口头表达能力。

视译分视阅口译（sight interpreting with text）和视听口译(sight interpreting with text while listening )。

视阅口译也就是边看边译（但还有准备和无准备区分）。

后者指带稿同传。

视阅口译融阅读理解、断句、记忆、口头翻译等技能于一体，要做到合理分配注意力不是一件容易的事。