修辞鉴赏4

4.2.2 Three groups of transferred epithet 4.2.2.1 Words describing men's characteristics are devoted to describing things 1. O dreamy, gloomy, friendly trees. 2. I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug, and cried like a child 3. In this admirable fable (寓言) the ant spent a laborious summer (吃力的,进展困难的).
4.2.2.4 Words describing one sort of things are devoted to describing another 1. Gray peace pervaded (弥漫于,渗透)the wilderness-ringed (包围)Argentia Bay in Newfoundland, where the American ships anchored (停泊) to await the Arrival of Winston Churchill. Haze (霾,烟雾)and mist(薄雾) blended all into gray: gray water, gray sky, gray air, gray hills with a tint (色彩,色调)of green. 在纽芬兰,一片灰色的宁静笼罩着四周荒漠的阿根夏湾. 美国军舰正停泊在这里,等待着温斯顿.丘吉尔的到来. 雾霭把一切都染成了灰色:灰色的海水,灰色的天空, 灰色的空气,和带点儿绿色的灰色山丘.
The form of hyperbole can vary from a phrase, a sentence, to a paragraph or paragraphs of description. Sometimes a whole story or article may be one big hyperbole.
4.2.2.2 Words describing men's characteristics are devoted to describing men's action or behavior. 3. He answered with delighted smile. 4. The officer shook his head in numb ( 麻木的) astonishment.
4.3.2.2 by words as die, death, dead, deadly, deathly 1) You'll just die when I tell you how much. 2) As we struggled on, nearer and nearer to the sea, from which this mighty wind was blowing dead on shore, its force became more and more terrific. 3) I am tired (or: frightened, sick, etc.) to death. 4) we are dying to know it.
4.3.2 Ways of achieving hyperbole 4.3.2.1 by words as pole, mile, world, sea, etc 1) I have a sea of sentiments (思想,情感) and a world of words to speak to him, but fail to tell them with my poor pen. 2) The two views are miles (or: poles, worlds) apart. 3) I began writing again while I was nursing Mother, and have gone great guns since I've been here on my own. Go great guns: 获得极大成功;全速大干
10. She sat there with embarrassed delight. (既尴尬,又高兴) 11. He had a dry humor. (他面色严肃,但又滑稽.)
12. The officer shrugged fat and indulgent (纵容 的,宽容的)shoulders. 13. I had no temptation to take a flying holiday to the south. 14. But above all I love these long purposeless days
2. Mr. Brown's attitude shows his black-andwhite thinking, everything is completely good or completely bad. black-and-white:白纸黑字的,书面的→ 黑白分明的→非善即恶的→绝对化的 从布朗先生的态度可以看出他的绝对化的思维 方式: 凡事不是绝对的好,便是绝对的坏.
7)And I will love thee still, my dear, Till a'the seas gang( old fashion----go ) dry. Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi'the sun. And I will love thee still, my deer, While the sands o'life shall run. (Robert Burns) 亲爱的,我将永远爱你, 直到海水全枯竭, 直到海水全枯竭呀,亲爱的, 太阳熔化了岩石, 亲爱的,我将永远爱你, 只要我还有一息.
I was travelling in China when Samaranch announced in Moscow that the city for hosting thቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 2008 Olympics was Beijing. All Chinese people were overjoyed; all mountains were overjoyed; all rivers were overjoyed. Hearing the lovers tearfully pouring out (倾 诉)their hearts, the moon was so moved that she forgot to move.
IV. Figures of Imagination 想象修辞格
4.1 Personification 4.1.1 Definition Personification is a figure of speech that gives human form or feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions.
4.3 hyperbole 夸张
4.3.1 definition Hyperbole is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. She is a pretty girl → She is the prettiest girl in the world He laughed heartily → He almost died laughing.
1. A sleepless night 2. A sleepless bed 3. A happy day 4. The Grape of Wrath 5. Bells of merriment 6. A mad house 7. A mad doctor 8. a sorry state of affairs; 9. the whipped soul
8)Had Cleopatra's nose been shorter, the whole face of the world would have been different. (Blaise Pascal) 如果克莉奥佩特拉 克莉奥佩特拉的鼻子短一点的话,整个世 克莉奥佩特拉 界的面貌就会改观. Cleopatra(公元前51—前30),埃及女王,艳 美绝伦,被称为"埃及艳后".她的权欲极强, 先为罗马凯撒大帝的情妇,后与安东尼结婚. 安东尼溃败后又欲勾引屋大维,没有成功,遂 以毒蛇噬咬自杀.此句夸张这个女人的容貌与 世界面貌的关系.
5) Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 波里,我爱你. 你是我的一切,你是月亮和星 星. 6) For she was beautiful ---- her beauty made The bright world dim, and every thing beside Seemed like the fleeting (闪现的)image of a shade(鬼,幽灵): 她那么美丽----她的美使得 明亮的世界黯然失色, 而附近的事物 都仿佛幽灵闪现的影像:....
4.1.2 personification used in combination with simile or metaphor 1. The traffic crawled like a wounded snake. 堵塞的交通如同受伤的蛇一样缓慢爬行.
4.2 Transferred Epithet 移位修饰语 4.2.1 Definition A transferred epithet is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong. Generally, the epithet is transferred from a person to a thing or idea.
4.2.2.3 Words describing man's whole action or characteristics are devoted to describing one part of the man And the first was tenor (男高音) singing of the passionate throat of a young collier (煤矿 工人), who has since drunk himself to death. 首先是一位年轻矿工的男高音歌唱,他的歌喉热 情洋溢.他后来喝酒喝得烂醉如泥.
4) To be, or not to be: that is the question. Whether't is nobler in the mind to suffer The slings 弹弓 and arrows of outrageous 残 暴的,残忍的 fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles And by opposing end them? 生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题; 默默忍受 命运的暴虐的毒箭, 或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难,在奋斗中结 束一切? A sea of world: combination of hyperbole and metaphor