现在完成时和被动语态资料讲解
必修二第二单元语法：现在完成时被动语态课件
• 5. Sheh_a_s_r_e_tu_r_n_e_d (return) this book to the library already.
• 二、单选题
(___A__)1_._D_essopfitaer
二、把下面句子改错被动语态.
They’ve built a kind of new PC with more functions. A kind of new PC has been built with more functions.
1．They have just connected the printer to the computer. The printer has just been connected to the computer.
Change the sentences into the present perfect passive voice. Example They have built a kind of new PC with more functions. →A kind of new PC has been built with more functions. 1. I have downloaded the software to help my phone battery last longer. 2. Someone has lost an identity card. 3. Have you confirmed the Wi-Fi password? 4. Have you pressed the button yet to copy the file? 5. Has anyone made a comment about the online database?
（完整版）现在完成时被动语态详解与练习附习题
（完整版）现在完成时被动语态详解与练习附习题现在完成时被动语态详解与练习附习题现在完成时被动语态讲与练一、现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态是高中语法时态和语态中的重要组成部分，也是高考经常考查的一项内容。
请先看下面几道高考题：1.1 can ' t see any coffee in this cupbo fe t京2。
5 春）A. Has it all been finishedB. Was it all finishedC. Has it all finishedD. Did it all finish2. Millions of pounds ' worth of damage by a storm which swept across the north ofEngland last night.（重庆2005）A. has been causedB. had been causedC. will be causedD. will have been caused3. More patients in hospital this year than last year. （江苏2004）A. treatedB. have treatedC. had been treatedD. have been treated4. —The window is dirty.—I know. It for weeks.（2004全国卷皿）A. hasn ' t cleanedB. didn ' t cleanC. wasn ' t cleanedD. hasn ' t been cleaned这几道高考题考查的都是现在完成时的被动语态，下面我们谈谈它的用法。
1）主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。
现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“…已经被……。
现在完成时被动语态
解析： 由时间状语up to now可知应用现在完成 时。另外，主语means与try之间为被动关系，故用 被动语态。means为单复数同形的单词，由其前的 every可知此处作单数名词，故选D项。 答案： D
第二十七页，编辑于星期日：二十二点 二十六 分。
5．The boys________many times not to swim in that lake，but it doesn’t make any difference. A．have told B．told C．have been told D．were being told
第一页，编辑于星期日：二十二点 二十六分。
[否定式]have/has＋ not＋ been＋ done The desks have not been cleaned. 这些桌子还没有擦干净。 [疑问式]Have/Has＋主语＋been＋done? —Has the door been painted？那扇门粉刷了吗？ —No，it hasn’t.不，还没有。
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点 1．现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has 和been，两者缺一不可。 2．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被 动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系， 而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况有联系。 The library was built last year.这座图书馆是去年修成 的。 The library has been built.这座图书馆已经修好了。
第十九页，编辑于星期日：二十二点 二十六分。
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．—Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303?
现在完成时与被动语态
一. 被动语态主动语态：主语主动执行被动语态：主语被动承受例句：The lazy sheep was caught by the gray wolf again!1.被动语态的基本机构：be +及物动词过去分词2. 主动变被动的基本规则：主动语态：被动语态：+ 其他成分例1：Many people speak English.○1○2○3被动句：English is spoken by many people.○3○2○1例2：He cheated her.○1○2○3被动句：She was cheated by him.○3○2○13.主动句变被动句的主要规则：(1). 人称代词主格做主语，宾格做宾语。
(2). 被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(如果是不及物动词，其过去分词应带有相应的介词)He gives up smoking. 被动句：______________________________(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
一般现在时被动语态为：一般过去时被动语态为：一般将来时被动语态为：现在完成时被动语态为：(4).情态动词+ be done由上可见，被动语态的时态由_____be 动词___ 来体现。
(5). 被动语态中，by+动作的发出者放在句末(课省略)，by 表示“由，被”的意思。
4.被动语态的注意点（1）“三看一听”hear, see, watch, notice，使役动词make等主动句中to 走开，被动句中to 回来。
I heard my sister sing in her room yesterday.被动句：My mother always makes me do some housework.被动句：______________________________________________（2）say, believe, consider, know, expect, think 等词接宾语从句，变被动句用It is / was said/believed…. that……….People believe he told the truth.被动句：_________________________________________（3）常见无被动的词：happen 意为“发生”时，主语为物，sth happen to sb, 无被动belong to, take place, rise, sell well, remain, run out, come true等无被动(4) 感官动词__feel, look, smell, taste, sound_, 主动表被动The news sounds terrible.二. 现在完成时1、语境分析①动作发生在过去，已完成，强调对现在有影响---Are you hungry? ---No, I have had breakfast.②动作发生在过去，未完成，持续到现在或未来I have studied English for 10 years.2. 标志性的时间状语：already___________, yet_____________ _____________，ever_____________ never___________, before___________In the last/past + 一段时间________________________________So far ________________For + 一段时间___________________________Since + 过去的时间点since then，since two years ago, since 1996……+ 从句（过去式）次数（twice，three times , four times……）注意：1）already用于肯定句，I have already eaten lunch.yet用于一般疑问句或否定句_______ you eaten lunch _________? I haven’t eaten lunch ________.2）Have you ever read this story (before)? -----I have never read it.3) In the last three weeks, I have read 5 books.4) We have known each other for 5 years.5) Qingdao has changed greatly so far.6) I haven’t seen my teachers since I left school.7)I have lived here since 2010. (since 3 years ago)3、重点词组辨析①have/has gone to 去了……(人未回)②Have/has been to 去过……(人已回)③Have/has been in 去……多久（有一段时间）4. 与延续性的时间状语连用的必须是延续性动词初中阶段常考的延续性时间状语：1）for +一段时间2）Since + 过去的时间点+ 从句（过去式）3）How long……?真题链接1. ---When _____ he _____ for London?---The day before yesterday. He _____ for two days.A. did, leave; has leftB. has, left; has leftC. did, leave; has been awayD. will, leave; is leaving附：常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转化buy—___________; borrow—_____________;die—____________; leave—______________ (from);put on—____________ make friends—____________ come back—______________ start/ begin--_____________ fall asleep—______________; open—__________________;turn on—________________; turn off—_______________;go /get out—_____________; end /finish—_____________;get up—_________________; get married--_____________ arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点—_____________+地点；join—_____________+集体或______________________。
现在完成时被动语态的用法归纳
现在完成时被动语态的用法归纳
**俺来讲讲现在完成时被动语态的事儿**
哎，同学们，你们知道现在完成时被动语态是咋回事儿吗？我觉得这东西说难也不难，说简单也不简单，就像咱们山东的大葱，外表普通，但味道可是香得很！
首先啊，我们得明白啥是现在完成时。
嗯，简单来说，就是现在已经完成或者刚刚完成的动作。
比如说，“我已经吃过饭了”，这就是现在完成时。
然后我们再来说说被动语态。
被动语态就是说动作不是咱们自己干的，而是被别人干的。
比如，“我的作业被老师表扬了”，这就是被动语态。
把这两个东西放到一起，就是现在完成时被动语态了。
就是说某个动作现在已经被别人完成了。
比如，“我的自行车已经被修好了”，这就是现在完成时被动语态。
那么，怎么用呢？其实也不难。
我们只需要记住一个结构：have/has + been + 过去分词。
就像这样：“我的作业已经被完成了”（My homework has been finished.）。
我觉得啊，学习这个语态的时候，最重要的是多做练习。
你看，我们山东人学做菜，不就是多切几次葱，多炒几次菜嘛！所以，大家要多做题，多练习，这样才能掌握得牢靠。
另外啊，我们还得注意时态和语态的搭配。
就像咱们山东的四季，春天就得穿薄衣服，冬天就得穿厚衣服，不能乱来。
同样，该用现在完成时被动语态的时候，就不能用其他时态或语态。
好啦，同学们，我觉得现在完成时被动语态这事儿，其实也不难。
只要我
们多用心，多练习，一定能掌握得好好的！大家加油啊！。
现在完成时被动语态
Homework
1 必修2 巩固提升 课时训练8 Ⅱ 2 翻译 1）当你搬到一个新地方的时候可能会遇到困 难。(arise) 2）他编造了一个故事来证明他是对的。 (make up, prove) 3）毕竟他已经不是个小孩，所以他应该为他 所做的事情负责任的。(after all) 4）就我个人而言，没有他的帮助，我不可能 成功。(personally) 3 今日一句 这首歌已经被翻译成了二十多种外语。 This song has been translated into more than 20 foreign languages.
Discovering useful structures from the passage on p18:
现在完成时(present perfect tense) 的被动语态：
S +have /has +been + done (过去分词)
1 Over time I have been changed quite a lot . 2 First as a PC and then as a laptop I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 3 … I never forget anything I have been told ! 4 Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 5 I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones… 6 I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the MOon and Mars.
现在完成时被动语态ppt
02 Unless the situation has been improved, we cannot move forward with the plan.
要点二
与将来时连用
现在完成时被动语态也可以与将来时连用，表示将来某个时 间要发生的动作在现在已经完成了某些准备工作。例如， “The meeting will be held tomorrow, and the necessary preparations have been made.”（会议明天举 行，必要的准备工作已经完成了。）这句话中，将来时“will be held”和现在完成时被动语态“have been made”连用， 表示准备工作已经完成。
否定句结构
要点一
主语 + have/has + not + been …
The problem has not been solved yet. 问题还没有解决 。
要点二
主语 + have/has + never + bee…
He has never been late for work. 他上班从未迟到过。
主谓不一致问题
错误示例
The books have been sold out yesterday.
纠正方法
确保主语和谓语在数和时态上保持一致。正确句子应为：The books have been sold out.
忽略助动词使用
错误示例
The house has painted by my father.
高考英语复习重点语法之现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态解读+课件
We have cleaned the classroom.
The classroom has been cleaned by us.
The passive voice in the present perfect tense
现在完成时的被动语态表示被动动作在过去发生或完成，但是对现 在仍然有影响或者表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在, 句中经常 有 “for +一段时间”, “since +从句”, so far等状语。
6.Three new schools have been opened (open) in our city in the past five years. 7.Wait a minute.The dishes for the dinner are being cooked(cook) in the kitchen. 8.They are living with their parents because their own house i_s_b_e_i_n_g_r_e_b_u_i_l_t _
(rebuild).
Make sentences with passive voice in the present continuous or present perfect tenses.
construct
The road is being constructed.
The road has been constructed.
She _w_a_s_c_a_ll_ed(call) her nickname when she was a little girl. 她小时候有人叫她的绰号。
beat; look
表示现阶段经常发生的动 作，也表示客观存在的事 实和规律。
被动语态在将来时、现在完成时和进行时中的应用(讲义)
被动语态在将来时、现在完成时和进行时中的应用（讲义）shan’t/ won’t + be +及物动词过去分词疑问式：shall/ will+主语+ be +及物动词过去分词这些形式是常见的一般将来时的被动式，表示单纯的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语如：tomorrow, next week, in a few years等连用。
will 可用于各种人称，shall仅仅用于第一人称。
The building will be finished soon.这座大楼很快会竣工。
If you don’t obey the rules, you’ll be punished.如果你不遵守这些规则，你就会受到惩罚。
Shall I be admitted into the stadium?我会被允许进入体育馆吗？Will he be cheered up by the watchers when competing in the race?他在赛跑时会得到观众的喝彩吗？In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ____________ by scientists.A. are makingB. are madeC. will makeD. will be made答案：D思路分析：主语advance和make之间是被动关系，而且是发生在将来，所以D正确。
2.一般将来时其他常见被动形式：be to be done 表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。
表示“应该”，意思相当于should，可用来征求对方意见。
表示“必须”，意思相当于must或have to。
be going to be done 表示最近即将发生的动作或按计划将要发生的被动动作。
The work is to be done by Tom.这项工作将由汤姆来做。
What is to be done next?下一步该怎么办？The work is to be finished before lunch.这项工作必须在午饭前做完。
现在完成时和被动语态
现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：have/has + done4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句：have或has提前对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。
那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。
其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。
而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。
弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。
它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。
2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。
例如：He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。
）He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。
）He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。
现在完成时与被动语态
1.现在完成式的概念：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，其结果对现在有影响。
例如：tom has gone out（go的动作发生在过去，对现在有影响。
）2.延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用；非延续性动词动词则不可以。
正确说法：the traIn has been In the statIon for tWo hours。
错误说法：the traIn has stopped In the statIon for tWo hours。
延续性动词定义：动作有持续性，可以持续一段时间。
例如lIve（居住）就可以lIve一年两年例词：lIsten，plaY，raIn，Work非延续性动词动作在短时间内结束，不能延续。
例如marrY（结婚）就不能marrY一年两年。
arrIve，begIn，borroW，fInsIh3.现在完成时的构成：（1）have（has）+过去分词：tom has gone out（2）现在完成时的否定和疑问形式：否定形式在has，have后加not；疑问形式将has和have 提前：has tom gone out（3）过去分词的概念及其变化形式：概念：它和现在形式时中的“动词的Ing形式”一样，只是英语中表达时态的一种固定形式。
变化形式：大多数动词的过去分词的外形和动词的过去式是完全一样的。
只有那些不规则变化的动词，它们的过去分词和过去式才会不一样。
现在完成时讲解1 构成方式构成：主语（第一、二人称单复数）＋have主语（第三人称复数）＋have主语（第三人称单数）＋has ＋过去分词2 基本用法1) 表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常同already, just, yet等状语连用例：I have just turned off the light. 我刚刚把灯关上。
（结果是灯已经关上了）She has lost her bike. 她把自行车丢了。
现在完成时被动语态PPT课件
[否定式]have/has＋ not＋ been＋ done
The desks have not been cleaned. 这些桌子还没有擦干净。 [疑问式]Have/Has＋主语＋been＋done? —Has the door been painted？那扇门粉刷了吗？ —No，it hasn’t.不，还没有。
3．用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在 完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your task has been finished. 你的任务一完成就可以回家。
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点
1．现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have/has和been，两者缺一 不可。
3．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry， open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语 连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。
How long has he joined the army？(×) How long has he been in the army？(√) 他参军多长时间了？ 点津：这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可 与since或for构成的时间状语连用。
3．________the program________ ________(develop) yet？If not， you’d better get it ready as soon as possible. 答案： Has；been developed 4．—Are you going to the party? —No，I________ ________ ________(not invite)
完成时与被动语态解析
一、现在完成时构成现在完成时构成：助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词二、现在完成时的用法”1 、现在完成时的" 完成用法"现在完成时的" 完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-- 灯现在不亮了。
)现在完成时" 完成用法" 的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语( 如：already ，yet ，before ，recently 等) 、频度时间状语( 如：never ，ever ，once 等) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语( 如：this morning / month / year... ，today 等) 连用。
例如：Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？2 、现在完成时的" 未完成用法"现在完成时的" 未完成用法" 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978. 自从1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
( 动作起始于1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)I have been in thearmy for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
( 动作开始于5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。
)此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语( 由since 或for 引导) ，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语( 如：up to now ，so far 到目前为止) 等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
现在完成时被动语态
精品课件
4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
This book was 精品课件 published in
(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行 者。
如: The window was broken by Mike.
窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.
这本书是他写的。
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Exercises
中。 如： (1) How long has the machine been used？
这机器使用有多久了？ (2)He has been told about it for many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。 精品课件 （可能还会有人
1. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态
1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, take part in , cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。(字典里
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. 现在完成时的被动语态 一、概念 现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的 动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但 主语为动作的承受者，表示“…… 已经被……”。 如： （动作的承受者） The new school has been set up. 新学校已经建成了。
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二、形式
(1)肯定式为：have/ has +been +done。
现在完成时被动语态ppt演示课件
6. Betty___ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has
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7. --Did you move into the new house? -- No. The rooms ___ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted
He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。 （动作起始于1978年，一直住到现 在，可能还要继续住下去。）
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. 现在完成时的被动语态 一、概念 现在完成时的被动语态强调过去的 动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但 主语为动作的承受者，表示“…… 已经被……”。 如： （动作的承受者） The new school has been set up. 新 学校已经建成了。
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told
C. I’m told
D. I told
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3. All the preparation for the task ____, and we’re ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done
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4. ---- How long ____ at this job? ---- Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
第二课时 现在完成时被动语态讲解
第二课时The present perfect passive voice语法案Step I 复习revision上单元所学一般将来时被动语态的结构：____________________________Step II Discovering useful structures1. 课本P21，Exercise 12. Can you pick out more than two sentences in the present perfect passive voice from the reading passage?1) ________________________________________________________________2)_________________________________________________________________3.Look at the tense used in the sentences you picked out and think over the question: What is the structure of the present future passive voice?(看你所挑句子的时态，然后思考一般将来时被动语态的结构)4 总结summing upThe structure of the present future passive voice is (现在完成时被动语态的结构)：________________________________________________Step III The present perfect passive voice现在完成时的被动语态1．现在完成时被动语态的构成(1) 现在完成时被动语态:has/have + been + 及物动词的过去分词否定式是:在have／has + not been + 及物动词的过去分词疑问句式: have / has + 主语+ been + 及物动词的过去分词特殊疑问句式：疑问词+have／has + 主语+ been + 及物动词的过去分词比如：The 30th Olympic Games haven’t been held yet．第29届奥运会还没有举行。
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现在完成时和被动语态现在完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.3.基本结构：have/has + done4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句：have或has提前对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。
那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。
其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。
而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。
弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。
它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。
2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。
例如：He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。
）He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。
）He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。
）He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。
）He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。
）2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。
这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。
例如：Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。
You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。
4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。
另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。
但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段时间"的状语连用。
在这种情况下，应该用"It has been …；since…"的句式来表达。
如：He has joined the army for five years. （错误）It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确）能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：(1) since(自从)：不管用作介词、连词还是副词, 句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时：I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。
Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?【注】有时可用其他时态的情况，但须注意：①对于某些表示状态的动词(如 seem 等)，或因语义等方面的原因，有时可能用一般现在时比较现在完成时更合适：It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 从什么什候开始42元加5元的服务费等于48元了?②若不是指从过去持续到现在，而是指从较远的过去持续到在一个较近的过去，则用过去完成时：Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。
(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)(2) so far(到目前为止)：So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。
We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。
(3) in [for, during] the past [last] … years(在过去…年中)：In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。
I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。
【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。
现在完成时练习一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two yearＡ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see9、-These farmers have been to the United States .-Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made13、-How long have you ____ here ?-About two months .Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been toＣ. have gone to Ｄ. have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so theyB. don't theyC. have theyD. haven't they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comesB. How often, gotC. How long, cameD. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come hereB. has started to workC. has lived thereD. has left the university二、汉译英4、她还没有看过那部新电影。